Abstract:Objective Exploring the impact of family environmental factors on the incidence of recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRTIs)in moderate-to-late preterm infants from birth to 3 years of age,analyzing the intrinsic mechanisms underlying preterm infants as a high-risk population for RRTIs,and providing targeted intervention strategies for respiratory infection prevention in preterm infants based on the universal characteristics of household environmental risk factors.Methods A prospective cohort study design was adopted,enrolling 386 moderate-to-late preterm infants born at our hospital from January 2019 to January April 2022,who were followed up until 3 years of age.According to the occurrence of RRTIs,the children were divided into an occurrence group and a non-occurrence group.Comprehensive clinical data were collected,covering multiple dimensions such as family living environment,demographic characteristics,and nutritional status.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of RRTIs within 3 years of age in moderate-to-late preterm infants.Results Among 386 moderate-to-late preterm infants,184(47.67%)developed RRTIs.There were statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in living environment,multi-child family,household registration type,parents'education level,family nutritional conditions,parental allergic constitution,pet keeping,APGAR score,and history of illness(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that poor living environment,multi-child family,rural household registration,low parental education level,poor family nutritional conditions,parental allergic constitution,pet keeping,low APGAR score,and history of disease were influencing factors for RRTIs in moderate-to-late preterm infants within 3 years of age(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion Poor living environment,multi-child family,rural household registration,low parental education level,poor family nutritional conditions,parental allergic constitution,pet keeping,low APGAR score,and previous diseases significantly increase the risk of RRTIs in moderate-to-late preterm infants within 3 years of age.Early diagnosis and treatment can be developed based on these risk factors may help reduce the occurrence of RRTIs.

Abstract:Objective To systematically analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in children,identify early warning indicators for screening severe case early,and provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the clinical management of pediatric HFRS.Methods A total of 103 pediatric patients with HFRS(aged<16 years)admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases,Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2008 to December 2023 were included in this retrospective study.Data including gender,age,seasonal distribution,geographic origin,mortality,as well as symptoms,signs,and laboratory findings during the disease course were collected from the hospital's electronic medical record system to analyze the clinical and epidemiological features.According to the severity of the disease,the patients were divided into mild group(mild-type,moderate-type,78 cases)and severe group(severe-type,critical-type,25 cases).A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors for severe progression of HFRS in children and screen the early warning indicators for severe cases.Results Among 103 children with HFRS,there were 70 males(68.0%)and 33 females(32.0%),with a gender ratio of 2.12:1.In terms of age distribution,older children(10-15 years old)accounted for the majority.The onset of the disease showed obvious seasonality,with the high-incidence period occurring from October to December each year,peaking in November and December.Geographically,the cases were mainly concentrated in Xi'an(71.8%),and most of the patients resided in rural areas(96.1%).Among 103 children with HFRS,the incidence of severe cases was 24.3%,of which 3 patients died due to disease progression,resulting in a mortality rate of 2.9%.The incidence rates of headache,nausea and vomiting,skin/mucosal bleeding,chemosis and hypotensive shock in the severe case group were all higher than those in the mild case group.Laboratory test results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the levels of platelets,serum creatinine,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)between the two groups at the time of admission(P<0.05).Results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that chemosis,hypotensive shock,and elevated serum creatinine were early warning indicators for severe HFRS in children.Conclusion The incidence of HFRS in children is relatively low.Clinically,male children are more commonly affected,while the rates of severe cases and mortality are relatively low.The early clinical manifestations may be atypical,making it prone to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis in clinical practice.Chemosis,hypotensive shock,and elevated serum creatinine can reflect the degree of vascular endothelial damage and renal function impairment in the body at an early stage,and thus can serve as early warning indicators for severe HFRS in children.Clinicians need to closely monitor changes in these indicators,identify high-risk patients with severe conditions as early as possible and promptly implement intervention measures to improve prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation between serum A aisintegrin and metalloproteinase 10(ADAM10),microfiber associated protein 4(MFAP4)and the severity of high-risk compensated HBV-related liver cirrhosis(HBLC).Methods A prospective study was conducted on 120 patients with high-risk compensated HBLC from the Sixth Hospital of Harbin from January 2022 to January 2024,with a follow-up period of 1 year.Patients who developed acute decompensation(AD)or acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)were included in the severe group,while those who did not develop AD or ACLF were included in the non-severe group.The clinical data,serum ADAM10,and MFAP4 levels were compared between the two groups to analyze the relationship between serum ADAM10,MFAP4,and severe progression in high-risk compensated HBLC patients,as well as their predictive value.Results During a 1-year follow-up,2 cases were lost to follow-up,31 cases progressed to severe,and 87 cases remained non-severe.The duration of HBLC in the severe group was longer than that in the non-severe group,and the HBV-DNA viral load,MELD score,serum ADAM10,and MFAP4 levels were higher in the severegroup than in the non-severe group(P<0.05).There was a positive nonlinear correlation between serum ADAM10,MFAP4,and severe progression in high-risk compensated HBLC patients(Ptrend<0.05,Pnonlinear<0.05).Serum ADAM10 and MFAP4 were independent influencing factors of the severity of high-risk compensated HBLC patients,and had significant interaction with HBLC course,HBV-DNA viral load and MELD score(P<0.05).The area under curve(AUC)of ADAM10 and MFAP4 in predicting the severity of high-risk compensated HBLC was 0.767 and 0.740,respectively.The AUC of combined prediction was 0.890,which was significantly better than that of ADAM10 and MFAP4 alone(P<0.05).Conclusion Serum ADAM10 and MFAP4 exhibit a positive non-linear correlation with the severity of high-risk compensated HBLC patients,and have good predictive value,and the combined predictive value is higher.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus(HPV)infection among patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA)in Baoding region.Methods total of 316 CA patients admitted to Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2019 to October 2023 were enrolled.We analyzed the distribution of HPV genotypes,the prevalence of low-risk(LR),high-risk(HR),and single-type HPV infections across different age groups,as well as the distribution of multiple HPV infections.Results Among the 316 CA patients,289 tested positive for HPV.The age distribution of HPV-positive patients was:≤20 years(97,33.56%),21～30 years(31,10.73%),31～40 years(38,13.15%),41～50 years(82,28.37%),and≥51 years(41,14.19%).LR HPV infections accounted for 42.21%(122/289),HR HPV for 83.39%(241/289),single HPV infection for 51.90%(150/289),and multiple infection for 48.10%(139/289).HPV6(15.57%)and HPV11(11.42%)are the main LR HPV infections in patients with genital warts.The predominant LR-HPV genotypes were HPV6(15.57%)and HPV11(11.42%),predominantly affecting patients aged≤20 years(18.34%)and 41～50 years(10.73%).The predominant HR-HPV genotypes were HPV16(36.68%)and HPV18(30.10%),with higher prevalence in the≤20 years(30.80%)and 41～50 years(26.99%)groups.Single-type infections were mainly caused by HPV types 16(20.42%)and HPV18(12.11%),with patients aged≤20 years(22.84%)and 41～50 years(17.30%)being most affected.Multiple infections were primarily mixed-type HPV infections(22.15%).Conclusion HR HPV infectionsare the most common among CA patients in Baoding region.The predominant HPV subtypes are HPV6,HPV11,HPV16,and HPV18.The majority of affected patients are aged≤50 years,and infections frequently occur as mixed-type infections.

Abstract:Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)is the most common type among community-acquired pneumonia in children in China.In recent years,the incidence of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP)and refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP)has gradually increased.Imaging plays an important role in assessing the severity and prognosis of MPP.MPP imaging shows various manifestations,mainly including thickening of bronchial walls,thickening and increasing of textures around bronchial vessels,pulmonary consolidation,bronchiolitis,tree bud sign,tree mist sign,pulmonarynecrosis,pulmonary artery embolism,etc.This article aims to summarize the relationship between different imaging manifestations and prognosis of MPP based on current research progress,in order to provide assistance to pediatricians in early identification and treatment of SMPP and RMPP children,and reduce the occurrence of adverse prognosis in children.

Abstract:Objective Analyze the epidemic patterns and characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in China from 2014 to 2024,and provide scientific basis for optimizing the prevention and control strategies of statutory infectious diseases.Methods Based on the monthly release of the"National Overview of Statutory Infectious Disease Epidemic Situation"by the National Health Commission's Disease Control Bureau from 2014 to 2024,collect data on the incidence of statutory infectious diseases and conduct retrospective analysis.Results From 2014 to 2024,China has reported a total of 99 354 266 cases of legally recognized infectious diseases,including 227 cases of Class A infectious diseases,35 628 940 cases of Class B infectious diseases(35.86%),and 63 725 099 cases of Class C infectious diseases(64.14%).According to the classification and statistics of the transmission routes of Class A and Class B infectious diseases,the number of cases and deaths of blood borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases ranks first among the four types of diseases and is on the rise;The top five diseases in terms of incidence are:influenza(29.61%),hand foot mouth disease(19.00%),viral hepatitis(15.45%),other infectious diarrhea(12.38%)and tuberculosis(8.83%);The top five diseases with the highest number of deaths were:AIDS(80.04%),tuberculosis(12.04%),viral hepatitis(4.16%),rabies(1.67%)and hand foot mouth disease(0.41%).Among the legal infectious diseases,the incidence rate of hand foot mouth disease and pulmonary tuberculosis has declined year by year,but the incidence rate of viral hepatitis,influenza,other infectious diarrhoeal diseases and syphilis is on the rise.Conclusions The overall incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases in China is on the rise.The incidence rate and mortality of blood borne and sexually transmitted infections are high and growing.In future work,we need to focus on the high mortality and growth trend of blood borne and sexually transmitted infections,and strengthen targeted prevention and control measures.

Abstract:This report details three special cases of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)occurring in patients with HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)complicated by esophageal and gastric fundal variceal bleeding,following endoscopic treatment.Through a multidimensional analysis,we explored the potential risk factors,complex etiology,and characteristic clinical manifestations associated with the onset of this concurrent infection.The aim is to enhance the systematic understanding of this specific comorbid condition.

Abstract:This paper summarizes the investigation and handling of the first local case of dengue fever in Lianyungang,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of dengue fever in the future.Methods Epidemiological investigation of dengue fever patients,collection of case specimens for testing,case search,emergency surveillance,mosquito prevention and control,and health education.Results The husband of the case(FengXX)(LiuXX)has a clear history of travel to high-risk areas for dengue fever,laboratory tests(positive for dengue IgG and IgM),and clinical symptoms such as fever,muscle soreness,and rash,establishing a diagnosis of dengue fever Case(FengXX)has clinical symptoms,positive for dengue fever nucleic acid,and positive for IgM and NS1 antigens.Thisis a laboratory-confirmed case of dengue fever.Conclusion FengXX became the first local case of dengue fever in Lianyungang City after being infected by her husband(an imported case from outside the province)and then bitten by Aedes mosquitoes.

Abstract:Objective Preliminary investigation of the efficacy of Rituximab in the treatment of patients with AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),and analysis of high-risk factors affecting patient prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 33 patients with AIDS-related DLBCL treated at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2016 to December 2022.The patients were divided into two groups:the rituximab plus chemotherapy group(21 patients)and the chemotherapy alone group(12 patients).The clinical characteristics and survival status of the 2 groups were compared,and independent prognostic factors were analyzed using logistic regression.Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of age,gender,CD4+T cell count,international prognostic index(IPI)score,central nervous system(CNS)involvement,or bone marrow involvement(P>0.05).The one-year overall survival rate between the 2 groups showed no significant difference(76.19%vs.50.00%)(P>0.05),but the mortality rate in the rituximab group was lower than that in the chemotherapy alone group(38.10%vs.75.00%)(P<0.05).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that an IPI score≥3 and CNS involvement were risk factors for poor prognosis,while rituximab treatmentwas a protective factor for prognosis.Conclusion Rituximab can improve the prognosis of patients with AIDS-related DLBCL.IPI score and CNS involvement are potential factors influencing prognosis.In clinical practice,it is essential to consider the patient's immune status and rationally apply rituximab to improve prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the current status of human papillomavirus(HPV)infection among males in Xiamen and explore the risk factors influencing its occurrence.Methods A total of 383 male HPV sampling volunteers were recruited from Xiang'an Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University and the School of Public Health at Xiamen University between April 2024 and May 2024.Specimens were collected from four anatomical sites(glans penis,scrotum,perianal region,and anal canal)for each volunteer and sent for nucleic acid testing.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for male HPV infection.Based on the univariate logistic regression results,the rms package(Regression Modeling Strategies)was used to integrate risk factors into a nomogram model.Internal validation was conducted using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis on the validation dataset.Results After data cleaning and screening,361 out of the 383 enrolled male volunteers were included in the study.The overall HPV positivity rate was 23.2%,with site-specific rates of 15.8%(glans penis),11.1%(scrotum),9.2%(perianal region),and 6.1%(anal canal).Advanced age,heavy and prolonged smoking and alcohol consumption,marital status,High-frequency sexual activity and infrequent condom use were identified as significant risk factors for male HPV infection(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of HPV in males progressively decreases with increasing distance from the glans penis.Excessive sexual activity and prolonged heavy smoking and alcohol consumption are major risk factors.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the changes in the expression levels of heparin binding protein(HBP),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),and soluble urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor(suPAR)in the serum of children with and suPAR were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in children with MPP(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined detection of serum HBP,MMP-2,and suPAR for diagnosing poor prognosis in MPP patients was 0.985,and its diagnostic efficacy was significantly superior to that of single index detection(z=1.971,2.545,2.356,P<0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum HBP,MMP-2,and suPAR levels in children with MPP are closely related to poor prognosis.Combined of the three tests showed high predictive value for adverse outcomes in children with MPP.

Abstract:Tuberculosis,caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,is a chronic infectious disease that seriously endangers human health.Despite certain progress in tuberculosis prevention and control,its incidence and mortality rates remain high worldwide.In recent years,an increasing number of studies have shown that epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.This article reviews the effects of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation,histone modification,and non-coding RNA regulation on host immune response,latent infection and activation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and drug resistance during host cell infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,aims to provide a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Abstract:Objective To delineate and interpret the epidemiological characteristics of influenza infection in outpatients,emergency patients,and inpatients in a tertiary Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)hospital.Methods The influenza virus(IFV)nucleic acid test results of outpatients,emergency,and hospitalized patients in a tertiary TCM hospital from Jan.2019 to Dec.2023 were collected,of which the epidemical distribution was described and the difference was compared by Runs test.Results Nineteen thousand six hundred forty-five outpatients,emergency patients,and inpatients were included in the study,and the total positive rates was 19.82%.Compared to 2019(16.96%),test positive rates of IFV decreased during 2020-2022(5.88%、1.99%、5.51%),and then it surged again in 2023(22.74%),exceeding historical levels(P<0.05).There are one incidence peak in 2019(P<0.05)and 2 in 2023(P<0.05),and were no significant clustering observed during 2020-2022.The positive rates were highest in age groups≥60 years(64.10%、58.54%、70.83%、37.74%),and in hospitalized patients(82.91%、70.73%、83.33%、45.28%)from 2019 to 2022.During 2023 the proportion of infections in age groups 25、59 years(47.01%)and in urgent care patients(65.86%)increased.IFV was mainly isolated among hospitalized patients in respiratory,nephrology and orthopedic ward,and among outpatients in fever clinic,pediatric and respiratory clinic.Influenza A(95.80%、88.37%、55.17%、94.45%)was the predominant type of IFV detected during 2019-2021,2023,while influenza B(60.00%)was the main type detected in 2022(P<0.05).Conclusion The IFV positive rates was rather lower during 2020-2022 and returned to higher in 2023 with 2 peaks.There are differences in the population distribution between the 2 intervals.Subtype A is the predominant strain of influenza virus.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with osteoarticular brucellosis and to investigate the effects of antimicrobial therapy on inflammation and immune indicators.Methods A total of 63 patients diagnosed with osteoarticular brucellosis(study group)and 70 patients with non-osteaoarticular brucellosis(control group)admitted to the Department of Infection Diseases,Qinhuangdao Third Hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were included.The clinical symptoms,levels of acute-phase inflammatory cytokines,and percentages and ratios of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were compared between the 2 groups.Changes in these indicators before and after antibacterial therapy in the study group were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in the incidence of splenomegaly,hepatomegaly,fatigue,fever,sweating,lymphadenopathy or neurological,digestive and reproductive systems symptoms between the 2 groups(P>0.05).Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were significantly higher in the study group than those in the control group,while interleukin-4(IL-4)levels were lower(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-17(IL-17),or interleukin-10(IL-10)levels between the 2 groups(P>0.05).The percentages of CD4+T cells and Th1 cells,as well as of CD4+/CD8+ratio,were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in CD8+T cells,Th2 cell percentages,or the of Th1/Th2 ratio between the two groups(P>0.05).After antibacterial treatment,levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-17,and IL-10 decreased significantly,while IL-4 levels increased significantly compared to pre-treatment levels(P<0.05).Additionally,the percentages of CD4+T cells and Th1 cells,as well as the CD4+/CD8+and Th1/Th2 ratios,decreased significantly after treatment,while the percentage of CD8+T cells increased(all P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with osteoarticular brucellosis show similar clinical features to those with non-osteoarticular brucellosis patients.However,osteoarticular brucellosis is associated with stronger inflammatory response and elevated peripheral blood lymphocyte subset expression.Antimicrobial therapy significantly alleviates the inflammatory response and reduces peripheral blood lymphocyte levels.

Abstract:Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different glycyrrhizin drugs in the treatment of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury(AT-DILI).Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating glycyrrhizin preparations for AT-DILI were retrieved from domestic and international medical literature databases.After screening the literature,the quality of the studies was evaluated,and a meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 13 RCTs involving 1,435 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed clinical effective rate in magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate(MI)group was significantly higher than that of other glycyrrhizin agents group[OR=4.57,95%CI:2.93-7.12,P=0.000].Conversely,compound glycyrrhizin(CG)group was significantly lower than other glycyrrhizin drugs group[OR=0.37,95%CI:0.24-0.57,P=0.000].Subgroups analysis showed that no significant differences were found between diammonium glycyrrihizinate(DG)and compound ammonium glycyrrhizin(CAG)group.Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of four glycyrrhizin agents showed MI＞DG,CAG＞CG,and DG is close to CAG.Regarding liver function indicators,MI significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and total bilirubin levels more than other glycyrrhizin preparations[MD=-21.63,95%CI:-32.03--11.23),P=0.000],[MD=-11.07,95%CI:-20.81--1.34),P=0.030],but had no significant effect on aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels.And there were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions among 4 groups.Conclusions Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate(MI)demonstrates superior efficacy in terms of treatment response rate and reduction of ALT and TB levels compared to other glycyrrhizin preparations(CG,DG,CAG)for AT-DILI,while exhibiting comparable safety.Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of four glycyrrhizin preparations indicated MI＞DG≈CAG＞CG.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)among new school entrants in Banan District,Chongqing,as well as their knowledge of tuberculosis awareness,and to explore the safety of the 3H2P2 tuberculosis preventive treatment(TPT)regimen for this population.Methods Newly enrolled students in Banan District,Chongqing,in 2024,will undergo a purified protein derivative(PPD)skin test.Those who test positive for PPD will undergo additional chest X-ray screening and,if they voluntarily choose,a recombinant mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein(EC)skin test.Students who test positive for either the PPD or EC skin test,and have normal chest X-ray results,will voluntarily undergo TPT.A questionnaire survey on tuberculosis awareness was conducted among outpatient tuberculosis screening candidates through the Wenjuanxing platform.Results A total of 7 234 new students in Banan District,Chongqing,underwent tuberculosis screening,including 357 primary school students,2 625 junior high school students,3 871 high school students,and 381 university students.According to the criteria of positive PPD skin test and negative chest radiography,533 LTBI were screened,with a detection rate of 7.37%.Among them,there were 36 primary school students(detection rate 10.08%),280 junior high school students(detection rate 10.67%),198 high school students(detection rate 5.11%),and 19 university students(detection rate 4.99%).There was a statistical difference in the detection rate of LTBI among different educational stages,with primary and junior high schools having higher rates than high schools and universities(P＜0.05).There were 231 male students with LTBI(detection rate 6.50%)and 302 female students(detection rate 8.20%),with a higher detection rate in females than in males(P＜0.05);According to the criteria of positive EC skin test and negative chest radiography,a total of 84 LTBI cases were screened,of which 67 received preventive treatment with the 3H2P2 regimen.The acceptance rate varied among different educational stages,with junior high school and high school students having a higher acceptance rate than college students(P＜0.05);The TPT safety of the 3H2P2 regimen was good,with 65 out of 67 students receiving TPT successfully completing the treatment,and there was no significant difference in the completion rate between the different educational stages(P＞0.05).The questionnaire survey found that the awareness rate of tuberculosis knowledge is low and varies greatly(1.92%to 86.78%),but students generally hope to receive professional tuberculosis-related knowledge and prefer large-scale publicity activities involving professional medical personnel to obtain relevant knowledge.Conclusions The use of EC skin test in student population can reduce the false positive rate of PPD skin test,and the 3H2P2 regimen for preventive anti-tuberculosis treatment has good safety.However,students have a low awareness rate of tuberculosis science knowledge,and professional publicity efforts need to be strengthened.

Abstract:Acute respiratory infections pose a serious global public health challenge.While inflammation induced by infection helps eliminate pathogens,excessive inflammatory responses can lead to tissue damage and worsening of the diseases.CD4+FOXP3+regulatory T cells(Tregs)play a pivotal role in limiting acute lung inflammation and tissue damage by suppressing overactivation of the innate and adaptive immune systems.Additionally,Tregs contribute to lung tissue repair and promote the restoration of pulmonary function.This article reviews the roles of Tregs in acute respiratory infections and their underlying mechanisms,focusing on their mechanisms in inflammation resolution and tissue repair.Furthermore,it explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting Tregs,aiming to provide insights for clinical treatment.

Abstract:Objective This study systematically analyzes and visualizes the main research hotspots and trends in the field of pertussis research through bibliometrics and knowledge map methods,summarizes the research directions and knowledge framework in this field,and provides guidance and reference for subsequent research.Methods Pertussis-related literature published between January 1,1975,and December 31,2024,was retrieved from PubMed,the Web of Science Core Collection,and Scopus.The bibliometric software VOSviewer(version 1.6.18)and R software Bibliometrix package were used to systematically analyze the research authors,institutions,countries,high impact journals,highly cited literature,and keywords,in order to summarize the research hotspots,frontiers,and trends in the field of pertussis research.Results A total of 89 543 articles were initially retrieved,of which 26 651 articles were included after merging,deduplication,and screening.From the research trend,the overall publication volume in the field of pertussis showed a fluctuating upward trend;The researcher with the highest number of publications is Wang Y,with 156 articles.Fifteen thousand and twenty-nine institutions participated in publishing papers,with 1 320 institutions publishing more than 10 papers.The institution with the highest total publication volume was GlaxoSmithKline with 583 papers,and the University of California System ranked second with 527 papers.However,its total citation score was the highest at 13 955,indicating the highest overall influence;The top three countries and regions in terms of publication volume are USA(19 699),Japan(4 485),and France(4 039);The journal with the highest publication volume is Vaccine,with 2 146 articles and the highest influence;Through the analysis of the keyword clustering map results,it was found that the literature in the field of pertussis research has 2 main directions:the basic research on the toxicity and pathogenic mechanism of pertussis in the early stage,and the vaccine related research in the later stage.Conclusions As a global infectious disease,pertussis has mainly focused on basic research on its toxicity and pathogenic mechanisms in the early stage,and gradually shifted its research focus to pertussis vaccine related research.Given that pertussis will continue to exist in the foreseeable future,the peak age of onset for pertussis has shifted from infancy to adolescents and adults who have not received strengthened vaccinations.Omission and false positives,mutations in key bacterial sites,and the importance of adolescents and adults as sources of infection have not been given enough attention.Therefore,the main research directions for pertussis in the future should focus on improving disease surveillance systems,paying attention to bacterial mutations for drug resistance,accelerating vaccine upgrades and development,and optimizing immunization strategies for children,adults,and pregnant women.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the species distribution and drug resistance profiles of nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease(NTM-PD)in Dalian,and to analyze host factors influencing NTM infection.Methods A screening for NTM-PD was conducted among patients admitted to Dalian Public Health Clinical Center from January 1,2023,to September 30,2024.Clinical characteristics of diagnosed NTM-PD patients were retrospectively analyzed.NTM species were identified using DNA microarray chip technology,and drug susceptibility testing(DST)was performed on major NTM species.Host factors were compared between NTM-PD and non-NTM-PD patients,and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for NTM infection.Results A total of 200 patients were screened,with 70(35%)diagnosed with NTM-PD.The mean age of NTM-PD patients was 55.56±15.63 years,61.43%had primary infections,and 57.14%were male.The main symptoms included cough,fever,and chest tightness.Among 417 mycobacterial culture-positive isolates,83(19.90%)were identified as NTM.DST results showed high resistance rates to minocycline and sulfamethoxazole across all NTM species.Mycobacterium abscessus exhibited high resistance to rifampin,while most species showed low resistance to rifampin,azithromycin,moxifloxacin/levofloxacin,ethambutol hydrochloride,tobramycin,and cefoxitin.Multivariate logistic regression identified smoking history,diabetes,and pre-existing pulmonary diseases as significant risk factors for NTM-PD.Conclusions The predominant NTM species in Dalian were the Mycobacterium avium complex.Recommended treatment options include ethambutol,azithromycin,rifampin,moxifloxacin/levofloxacin,tobramycin,and cefoxitin.Smoking,diabetes,and underlying pulmonary diseases are key risk factors for NTM-PD.Clinicians should tailor treatment strategies based on NTM species identification and DST results to optimize patient outcomes.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the trends in the burden of HIV/AIDS among adolescents and young adults aged 20-24 years in China from 1990 to 2021,providing evidence for disease prevention and control.Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021(GBD 2021),we assessed HIV/AIDS burden metrics-including death counts,mortality rates,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),and DALY rates-among Chinese adolescents and young adults(10-24 years).Joinpoint regression was employed to analyze age-specific trends in mortality and DALY rates,with average annual percent change(AAPC)calculated.Results From 1990 to 2021,HIV/AIDS-related deaths and mortality rates in this population showed significant increases:deaths rose from 71 cases(0.02 per 100 000)in 1990 to 693 cases(0.30 per 100 000)in 2021(870%and 1 396%increases,respectively).Similarly,DALYs increased from 5 777 person-years(1.60 per 100 000)to 51 877 person-years(22.16 per 100 000)(789%and 1 285%increases).Males consistently exhibited higher burden metrics than females.The most pronounced rises occurred in the 10-14 age group(death count:26.44%;mortality:28.46%;DALYs:22.78%;DALY rate:27.46%).Unsafe sex remained the leading risk factor for DALYs across all study years(1990:1.38/100 000;2021:18.06/100 000).Conclusion The HIV/AIDS burden among Chinese adolescents and young adults has escalated markedly since 1990,with persistent disparities by sex and age.Targeted interventions for males and younger adolescents are urgently needed to mitigate this public health challenge.