Epidemiological characteristics of male HPV infection and analysis of risk factors for male HPV in Xiamen region

Wang Mingshan; Yang Yi; Tang Huimin; Zheng Jianzhong; Shao Chen; Sun Huimin; Zhou Wenkao

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2025.05.004

Abstract：Objective To analyze the current status of human papillomavirus(HPV)infection among males in Xiamen and explore the risk factors influencing its occurrence.Methods A total of 383 male HPV sampling volunteers were recruited from Xiang'an Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University and the School of Public Health at Xiamen University between April 2024 and May 2024.Specimens were collected from four anatomical sites(glans penis,scrotum,perianal region,and anal canal)for each volunteer and sent for nucleic acid testing.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for male HPV infection.Based on the univariate logistic regression results,the rms package(Regression Modeling Strategies)was used to integrate risk factors into a nomogram model.Internal validation was conducted using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis on the validation dataset.Results After data cleaning and screening,361 out of the 383 enrolled male volunteers were included in the study.The overall HPV positivity rate was 23.2%,with site-specific rates of 15.8%(glans penis),11.1%(scrotum),9.2%(perianal region),and 6.1%(anal canal).Advanced age,heavy and prolonged smoking and alcohol consumption,marital status,High-frequency sexual activity and infrequent condom use were identified as significant risk factors for male HPV infection(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of HPV in males progressively decreases with increasing distance from the glans penis.Excessive sexual activity and prolonged heavy smoking and alcohol consumption are major risk factors.