Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer(ES-SCLC).Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted.A total of 148 patients with ES-SCLC who had progressed/relapsed after first-line treatment from June 2021 to June 2023 in Linfen Peo-ple's Hospital were selected and randomly divided into the combination group(74 cases,receiving anlotinib combined with tisleli-zumab)and the control group(74 cases,receiving anlotinib monotherapy)using a random number table method.The short-term efficacy and long-term survival outcomes(including objective response rate,disease control rate,progression-free survival,and overall survival),changes in tumor marker levels,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The combination group demonstrated significantly higher objective response rate(59.46％(44/74))and disease control rate(91.89％(68/74))compared to the control group(41.89％(31/74)and 77.03％(57/74))(x2=4.568,6.299,both P＜0.05).As of December 31,2024,the median follow-up time was 22.3 months.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the combination group had both a longer median progression-free survival of 8.00 months(95％CI:6.073-9.927)and a longer median overall survival of 10.00 months(95％CI:4.815-15.185)compared to the control group(6.00 months(95％CI:5.252-6.748)and 8.00 months(95％CI:7.263-8.737),respectively)(Log-rankx2=4.066,5.467,both P＜0.05).After 4 cycles of treatment,the levels of neuron-specific enolase and cytokeratin 19 fragment in both groups decreased compared to before treatment,and the above indicators in the combination group((12.53±3.18)μg/L,(4.08±0.92)ng/mL)were lower than those in the control group((16.36±4.25)μg/L,(5.25±1.08)ng/mL)(t=6.207,7.094,both P＜0.05).The incidence of hypertension in the combination group was 35.14％(26/74),higher than that in the control group(18.92％(14/74))(x2=4.933,P＜0.05).Conclusion In patients with ES-SCLC after first-line treatment failure,the combination therapy of anlotinib and tislelizumab significantly improves short-term efficacy and long-term survival compared to anlotinib monotherapy,with overall manageable adverse reactions.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of brachial plexus block with nalbuphine combined with local anesthetics on anesthetic efficacy and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing upper limb orthopedic surgery.Methods A prospective study was conducted.A total of 108 patients scheduled for upper limb orthopedic surgery at Dongtai Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to April 2025 were selected and randomly divided into three groups:Group N(n=36,treated with ropivacaine plus lidocaine plus nalbuphine),Group D(n=36,treated with ropivacaine plus lidocaine plus dexamethasone),and Group S(n=36,treated with ropivacaine plus lidocaine).The anesthetic effects(onset time of sensory block and motor block,analgesia duration),postoperative pain intensity(Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores),hemodynamic indicators(heart rate(HR),mean arterial pres-sure(MAP)),and perioperative adverse reactions were compared among the three groups.Results Among Group N,Group D,and Group S,the onset time of sensory block((2.97±0.90),(4.05±1.03),and(5.20±1.37)min,respectively)and the onset time of motor block((8.91±2.76),(11.22±2.80),and(13.63±3.14)min,respectively)were progressively increased(F=35.838,23.763,both P＜0.05),and the duration of analgesia((11.06±1.27),(8.42±1.10),and(7.21±1.08)h,respectively)was progressively decreased(F=104.934,P＜0.05).At 2,4,8,and 12 hours postoperatively,the VAS scores were(1.34±0.44),(1.57±0.46),(1.88±0.51),and(2.84±1.27)points in Group N,(1.51±0.50),(1.85±0.52),(2.85±0.62),and(3.69±1.32)points in Group D,(1.87±0.61),(2.17±0.72),(3.06±0.93),and(4.55±1.44)points in Group S,respectively.The VAS scores in the three groups showed a gradual increase(F=9.696,9.731,28.351,14.543,all P＜0.05).At T2,the heart rates in Group N((81.35±9.14)beats/min),Group D((84.42±8.95)beats/min),and Group S((87.62±8.93)beats/min)were gradually increased(F=4.362,P＜0.05).At T3,the mean arterial pressures of Group N((87.51±6.22)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)),Group D((88.85±6.37)mmHg),and Group S((92.19±7.23)mmHg)were gradually increased(F=4.769,P＜0.05).The incidence of perioperative adverse reactions in Group N was 13.89％(5/36),and there was no statistically significant difference compared to Group D(11.11％(4/36))and Group S(2.78％(1/36))(Fisher's exact test,P=0.266).Conclusion Nalbuphine combined with local anesthetics provided the optimal effect for brachial plexus block.Dexamethasone combined with local anesthetics was superior to local anesthetics alone.All three regimens had comparable safety.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of remimazolam combined with remifentanil for non-intubated general anesthesia in ureteral stent removal(USR).Methods A total of 86 patients undergoing USR at Luoy-ang Central Hospital between February 2023 and August 2024 were selected and randomly assigned via computer-generated random numbers to the observation group(n=43)and the control group(n=43).The control group received propofol combined with remifentanil,while the observation group received remimazolam combined with remifentanil for general anesthesia main-tenance.Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2)were compared between the two groups at different time points:before anesthesia(T1),during urethral insertion of the cystoscope(T2),during stent removal(T3),upon entering the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU)(T4),and upon leaving the PACU(T5).Anesthesia induction time,op-erative time,recovery time,PACU stay duration,and the incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups.Results The MAP in the observation group at T1,T2,T3,T4,and T5 were(91.49±7.04),(87.32±7.06),(85.21±6.89),(88.19±6.48),and(89.14±7.29)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),respectively,while those in the control group were(92.16±7.20),(84.26±6.77),(80.58±6.39),(83.07±6.44),and(88.70±6.24)mmHg,respectively.There were statistically significant time effects,interaction effects,and intergroup differences in MAP between the two groups of USR patients(Ftime=21.648,Finteraction=2.985,Fgroup=15.7 86,all P＜0.05).The HR of the observation group at T1,T2,T3,T4,and T5 were(75.23±8.49),(73.89±8.08),(71.28±5.25),(72.53±6.44),and(73.70±6.18)beats/min,respectively,while those of the control group were(75.34±9.63),(70.33±8.18),(64.16±5.58),(68.35±5.47),and(72.26±6.54)beats/min,respectively.There were statistically sig-nificant time effects,interaction effects,and intergroup differences in HR between the two groups of USR patients(Ftime=13.361,Finteraction=3.200,Fgroup=23.378,all P＜0.05).The SpO2 in the observation group at T1,T2,T3,T4,and T5 were(98.54±6.33),(98.49±5.34),(97.89±6.02),(98.62±5.67),and(99.13±3.60)％,respectively,while those in the control group were(97.21±6.12),(96.11±5.49),(95.09±6.08),(96.79±5.78),and(98.73±4.10)％,respectively.There was no statistically significant time effect or interaction effect on SpO2 in the two groups of USR patients(Ftime=2.253,Finteraction=0.625,both P＞0.05),while the between-group effect showed statistical significance(Fgroup=10.351,P＜0.05).Awakening time((3.15±1.21)min vs(3.86±1.52)min)and PACU stay time((30.12±6.03)min vs(32.87±6.09)min)were both shorter in the observation group than in the control group(t=2.396,2.104,both P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was 4.65％(2/43)in the observation group and 11.63％(5/43)in the control group,with no statistically significant difference(Fisher's exact probability test,P=0.438).Conclusion The use of remimazolam combined with remifentanil for general anesthesia maintenance in patients undergoing USR provides stable hemo-dynamics,shortens recovery and PACU stay times,and does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of evolocumab combined with hybutimibe in the treat-ment of elderly patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD)complicated by hyperlipidemia.Methods A total of 93 elderly patients with CHD complicated by hyperlipidemia admitted to Maoming People's Hospital from January 2022 to October 2024 were selected.Both the study group and the control group were treated with statins.According to the treatment,47 patients receiving hybutimibe were included in the control group,and 46 patients receiving hybutimibe and evolocumab were included in the study group.Two patients in the control group and one in the study group were lost to follow-up,resulting in 45 patients per group for final analysis.The clinical efficacy,blood lipid indexes,inflammatory factors,serum homocysteine(Hcy)and procalcitonin(PCT)levels,and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)were compared between the study group and the control group.Results The total effective rate in the study group was 97.78％(44/45),higher than 75.56％(34/45)in the control group(x2=9.615,P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in both the study group and the control group decreased compared with those before treatment,while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)increased compared with that before treatment.In addition,the TC,TG and LDL-C levels in the study group((2.60±0.39),(1.19±0.11),(2.14±0.42)mmol/L,respectively)were lower than those in the control group((3.22±0.57),(1.38±0.22),(3.21±0.49)mmol/L)(t=6.022,5.182,11.122,all P＜0.05),and the HDL-C level in the study group((1.41±0.18)mmol/L)was higher than that in the control group((1.27±0.13)mmol/L)(t=4.230,P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of the inflammatory factors in both groups all decreased,and the levels of tumor necrosis fac-tor-alpha,interleukin-6,monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the study group((5.07±1.08),(4.32±0.77),(1.20±0.23)ng/L,respective-ly)were lower than those in the control group((6.48±1.19),(6.21±1.22),(2.58±0.58)ng/L,respectively)(t=5.886,8.788,14.837,all P＜0.05).After treatment,Hcy and PCT levels in both the study group and the control group decreased compared with those before treatment,and Hcy and PCT levels in the study group((13.00±1.50),(0.26±0.05)μmol/L,respectively)were lower than those in the control group((16.79±2.08),(0.32±0.06)μmol/L,respectively)(t=9.914,5.153,both P＜0.05).The total incidence of MACE in the study group was 2.22％(1/45),slightly lower than that in the control group(4.44％(2/45)),and the difference was not statistically significant(x2=0.345,P＞0.05).Conclusion Evolocumab combined with hybutimibe can effectively enhance the clinical efficacy in treating elderly patients with CHD and hyperlipidemia,improve blood lipid levels,alleviate inflammatory response,and reduce serum Hcy and PCT levels,with a good safety profile.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of lidocaine combined with celecoxib on postoperative pain and joint function in patients with anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)rupture and meniscus injury scheduled for arthroscopic reconstruction surgery.Methods A total of 132 patients with unilateral ACL rupture and meniscus injury scheduled for arthroscopic recon-struction at Jinshan Hospital ofFudan University from March 2022 to February 2025 were enrolled and randomly assigned to the combination group(n=66,receiving lidocaine plus celecoxib)and the celecoxib monotherapy group(n=66,receiving celecoxib alone).The Numerical Rating Scale(NRS),Sleep Interference Scale(SIS),knee function scores,postoperative complications,and analgesic rescue situation were recorded at baseline(T0)and at 1 day,7 days,14 days,1 month,and 3 months postoperatively(T1-T5).Results At 1,7,and 14 days,1 month and 3 months post-medication,NRS scores in both groups were lower than those before medication(all P＜0.05),and the scores in the combination group((3.67±0.75),(2.04±0.63),(1.57±0.50),(1.49±0.48),and(0.69±0.22)points,respectively)were lower than those in the celecoxib monotherapy group((4.21±0.83),(2.65±0.77),(2.18±0.67),(1.91±0.45),and(1.34±0.30)points,respectively)(t=3.922,4.981,5.928,5.186,14.194,all P＜0.05).At 14 days,1 and 3 months post-medication,SIS scores in the combination group((4.84±1.10),(3.71±0.87),(2.89±0.91)points)were signifi-cantly lower than those in the celecoxib monotherapy group((6.37±1.32),(5.28±0.99),(4.13±1.07)points)(t=7.234,9.678,7.172,all P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of medication,knee joint scores and functional activity scores in both groups were significantly higher than those before medication(all P＜0.05),and the scores in the combination group((75.30±3.51),(47.32±5.49)points,respec-tively)were higher than those in the celecoxib monotherapy group((72.20±3.44),(45.28±5.21)points,respectively)(t=5.124,2.190,both P＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ significantly between the two groups(9.09％(6/66)vs 15.15％(10/66);x2=l.138,P＞0.05).The combination group required less rescue analgesia within 2 weeks(7.58％(5/66)vs 19.70％(13/66);x2=4.117,P＜0.05)and had a longer time to first rescue analgesia((33.56±2.72)h vs(31.29±2.33)h,t=5.149,P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of lidocaine and celecoxib for patients undergoing ACL reconstruction com-bined with meniscus repair significantly reduces postoperative pain intensity in both early and medium-to long-term,alleviates pain-related sleep disturbances,promotes knee joint functional recovery,decreases the postoperative rescue analgesia rate,and does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications,demonstrating a favorable safety profile.

Abstract:Objective To observe the efficacy of doxycycline combined with bronchoscopic lavage in treating refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.Methods A total of 102 children with refractory Mycoplas-ma pneumoniae pneumonia treated in Department of Pediatrics at Huzhou Central Hospital from January 2023 to May 2025 were retrospectively selected.Based on the actual treatment received,the patients were divided into the azithromycin group(n=57)and the combined group(n=45).The azithromycin group received azithromycin combined with bronchoscopic la-vage,while the combined group received bronchoscopic lavage combined with doxycycline.Therapeutic efficacy,inflam-matory factors levels,D-dimer levels,lactate dehydrogenase levels,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared be-tween the two groups.Results The total effective rate in the combined group was 88.89％(40/45),higher than that in the azithromycin group(71.93％(41/57))(x2=4.424,P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of C-reactive protein,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-6 in the combined group were lower than those in the azithromycin group((39.24±4.71)mg/L vs(46.02±4.78)mg/L,(5.33±1.18)pg/L vs(7.29±2.04)pg/L,(13.82±2.34)pg/mL vs(16.16±2.48)pg/mL)(t=-7.159,-5.729,-4.850,all P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer in the combined group were both lower than those in the azithromycin group((172.16±9.71)U/L vs(185.27±9.67)U/L,(0.73±0.24)mg/L vs(0.88±0.21)mg/L)(t=-6.786,-3.362,both P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was 15.56％(7/45)in the combined group and 10.53％(6/57)in the azithromycin group,with no significant difference between the two groups(x2=0.572,P＞0.05).Conclusion The combi-nation of doxycycline and bronchoscopic lavage demonstrates favorable efficacy in treating children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.This regimen can effectively suppress inflammatory responses,regulate D-dimer and lactate dehydroge-nase levels,without increasing the risk of adverse reactions.

Abstract:Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Bushen Shugan Decoction as an adjunct to low-molecular-weight heparin(LMWH)in patients with recurrent abortion(RA)presenting with Liver Qi Stagnation,Kidney Deficiency,and Blood Stasis pattern.Methods A total of 106 RA patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics of Xingtai Central Hospital from June 2022 to November 2024 were retrospectively selected as the study subjects.The patients were divided into the heparin group(n=50)and a Chinese medicine group(n=56)based on different treatment regimens.The heparin group was given LMWH injections,while the Chinese medicine group received the Bushen Shugan Decoction in addition to the heparin group's treatment.Both groups continued treatment until 12 weeks of gestation.All patients were followed up until the end of pregnancy,and the pregnancy success rates were recorded for both groups.The coagulation function and hormone levels of the two groups before treatment and until 12 weeks of pregnancy were compared,and the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes of the two groups were also compared.Results The pregnancy success rate in the Chinese med-icine group was 87.50％(49/56),higher than that in the heparin group(66.00％(33/50))(x2=6.971,P＜0.05).The total effective rate in the Chinese medicine group was 92.86％(52/56),significantly higher than that in the heparin group(74.00％(37/50))(x2=6.976,P＜0.05).After treatment,the D-dimer level in the Chinese medicine group was lower than that in the heparin group((116.47±18.73)μg/L vs(135.69±20.48)μg/L),and the prothrombin time was longer than the heparin group((13.85±1.37)s vs(12.74±1.31)s)(t=5.047,4.251,both P＜0.05).The levels of progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin in the Chinese medicine group((31.68±4.96)ng/mL,(12 539.85±1 769.78)U/L)were higher than those in the heparin group((27.46±4.73)ng/mL,(9 875.62±1 243.54)U/L)(t=4.469,8.867,both P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the Chinese medicine group and the heparin group was 8.93％(5/56)and 12.00％(6/50),respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(x2=0.346,P＞0.05).Conclusion The combination of Bushen Shugan Decoction and LMWH significantly improves pregnancy success rates in patients with RA presenting with Liver Qi Stagnation,Kidney Deficiency,and Blood Stasis syndrome,and also enhances TCM syndrome scores,hemostatic function,and hormone levels.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy of galantamine combined with flunarizine in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease and its effect on serum acetylcholinesterase(AChE)activity.Methods A total of 80 patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease who received treatment at Taiyuan Central Hospital from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into two groups,with 40 cases in each group using a ran-dom number table method.The control group was treated with flunarizine,while the study group was treated with a combination of galantamine and flunarizine.The improvement of clinical symptoms(modified Rankin scale(mRS)),neurological function(National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)),quality of life(SF-36 health survey short form),changes in AChE levels,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before treatment,at 4 weeks of treatment,and at 8 weeks of treatment.Results At 4 and 8 weeks of treatment,the mRS scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group((2.48±0.23)points vs(3.44±0.32)points,(1.84±0.19)points vs(2.98±0.25)points,respectively;t=15.407,22.961,both P＜0.05),as were the NIHSS scores((8.64±1.67)points vs(10.36±1.87)points,(5.11±1.02)points vs(7.39±1.68)points,respectively;t=4.339,7.339,both P＜0.05).All scores were significantly reduced compared to baseline(all P＜0.05).At 4 and 8 weeks of treatment,the SF-36 scores in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group((68.54±5.14)points vs(64.11±5.97)points,(75.69±7.25)points vs(70.63±8.21)points,respectively;t=3.557,2.922,both P＜0.05),with both groups showing a significant increase from baseline at each time point(both P＜0.05).Similarly,serum AChE levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks of treatment((0.76±0.18)ng/mL vs(0.62±0.15)ng/mL,(0.85±0.22)ng/mL vs(0.71±0.19)ng/mL,respectively;t=3.779,3.046,both P＜0.05)and the levels in both groups increased compared to baseline(both P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.50％(3/40)in the study group and 12.50％(5/40)in the control group,with no statistically significant difference(Fisher's exact test,P=0.711).Conclusion The combination of galantamine and flunarizine in treating acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease improves patients'neurological function,cogni-tive function,and quality of life,and affects serum AChE activity.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of Xintong No.2 combined with atorvastatin on cardiac function,platelet function,and restenosis rates of patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)following percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 100 patients undergoing PCI admitted to Tangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2020 to January 2022 were enrolled in the study and divided into the control group and the study group using a random number table method,with 50 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional intervention plus atorvastatin,and the study group was treated with conventional intervention plus atorvastatin plus Xintong No.2.The clinical data of the patients was collected,and the clinical efficacy,cardiac function,platelet function and restenosis rates were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the study group was 90.00％(45/50),higher than 74.00％(37/50)of the control group(x2=4.336,P=0.037).After treatment,the left ventricular ejection fraction and 6-minute walk test distance of the study group were(61.24±7.99)％and(423.77±52.57)m,higher than(55.33±7.02)％and(391.52±49.11)m of the control group(t=3.929,3.171,both P＜0.05),and the above indicators were higher than those before treatment.After treatment,the left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD)((21.27±3.05),(29.33±4.24)mm),left ventricular septal thickness(LVST)((8.66±1.55),(9.80±2.02)mm),left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD)((33.15±5.23),(45.67±6.68)mm),platelet aggregation rate(PAG)((22.66±5.02)％,(28.94±5.58)％),platelet membrane glycoprotein(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa((16.13±3.47),(21.85±4.84))and platelet adhesion rate(PAR)((26.67±6.22)％,(30.84±6.88)％)of the study group and the control group were lower than those before treatment,and the above indexes of the study group were lower than those of the control group(t=1 0.912,3.166,10.435,5.916,6.792,3.179,all P＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative restenosis in the control group and the study group was 16.00％(8/50)and 4.00％(2/50),respec-tively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.000,P=0.046).Conclusion Xintong No.2 combined with atorvastatin has a definite effect in the treatment of AMI patients after PCI.It can improve the cardiac function and platelet function,and re-duce the incidence of postoperative restenosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of butorphanol combined with ropivacaine transversus abdominis plane(TAP)block on postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy(LS).Methods A total of 96 pa-tients scheduled for TAP block combined with general anesthesia for LS at Xinrui Hospital,Xinwu District,Wuxi,from January 2023 to December 2024 were prospectively selected and divided into two groups using a random number table:the BR group(butorphanol combined with ropivacaine)and the R group(ropivacaine alone),with 48 cases in each group.The R group received TAP block with 0.25％ropivacaine,while the BR group received TAP block with 0.25％ropivacaine plus 1 mg butorphanol.Visual Analog Scale(VAS)scores at different postoperative time points(T1-T5:2,6,12,24,and 48 hours postoperatively),analgesic consumption within 24 hours postoperatively,number of effective button presses on the patient-controlled analgesia pump,time to first postoperative flatus,time to first postoperative ambulation,length of hospital stay,Quality of Recovery-40(QoR-40)score at 24 hours postoperatively,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results VAS scores at 2,6,12,24,and 48 hours postoperatively in the BR group were lower than those in the R group((1.26±0.26)points vs(1.47±0.33)points,(1.74±0.48)points vs(2.01±0.54)points,(2.41±0.66)points vs(2.83±0.74)points,(2.28±0.51)points vs(2.56±0.57)points,(1.50±0.39)points vs(1.76±0.41)points)(t=3.463,2.589,2.935,2.536,3.183,all P＜0.05).Sufentanil consump-tion and the number of effective button presses on the PCA pump within 24 hours postoperatively were lower in the BR group than those in the R group((76.01±9.54)μg vs(83.98±9.71)μg,(6.05±1.75)times vs(8.88±1.64)times)(t=4.056,8.175,both P＜0.001).Time to first flatus,time to ambulation,and length of hospital stay were shorter in the BR group,and the QoR-40 score was higher compared to the R group((12.83±1.79)h vs(14.39±1.93)h,(2.76±0.76)d vs(3.11±0.91)d,(7.32±1.14)d vs(8.06±1.27)d,(181.05±9.25)points vs(174.42±10.14)points)(t=4.106,2.045,3.004,3.347,all P＜0.05).There was no statis-tically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(12.50％(6/48)vs 14.58％(7/48),x2=0.089,P＞0.05).Conclusion Butorphanol combined with ropivacaine TAP block can effectively reduce postoperative pain intensity in patients undergoing LS,decrease the dosage of sufentanil within 24 hours and the effective button presses on the PCA pump,promote first exhaust,early ambulation,and shorten hospital stay.It also significantly improves the quality of post-operative recovery without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.

Abstract:Objective To observe the repair effect of recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor(rb-bFGF)combined with local oxygen therapy on residual wounds after deep burn skin grafting.Methods A total of 86 patients with residual wounds after deep burn skin grafting who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2023 to March 2025 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group(n=43)and the control group(n=43)using a random number table method.The observation group was treated with rb-bFGF combined with local oxygen thera-py,while the control group was treated with rb-bFGF alone.The clinical efficacy,Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)pain scores,Bates-Jensen wound assessment scores,and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The effective rate of the observation group was 95.35％(41/43),higher than that of the control group(79.07％(34/43))(x2=5.108,P＜0.05).The time effect,intergroup effect,and interaction effect of the NRS pain scores in both groups were statistically significant(Ftime=91.801,Fintergroup=20.268,Finteraction=3.285,all P＜0.05).Moreover,the NRS pain scores in both groups decreased after 7 days and 14 days of treatment,with the observation group((4.26±1.27)and(3.47±1.07)points,respectively)consistently lower than those in the control group((5.54±1.36)and(4.34±1.16)points,respectively)(t=4.511,3.615,both P＜0.05).The time ef-fect,intergroup effect,and interaction effect of the Bates-Jensen wound assessment scores in the two groups were statistically significant(Ftime=476.405,Fintergroup=14.197,Finteraction=3.532,all P＜0.05).After 7 days and 14 days of treatment,the Bates-Jensen wound scores in both groups decreased,and the indicators in the observation group((2.34±0.54)points and(1.22±0.42)points,respectively)were lower than those in the control group((3.23±0.61)points and(2.15±0.56)points,respectively)(t=7.164,8.712,both P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was 16.28％(7/43)in the control group and 11.63％(5/43)in the observation group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(x2=0.387,P＞0.05).Conclusion The combination of rb-bFGF and local oxygen therapy demonstrates superior efficacy in repairing residual wounds after deep burn skin grafting,sig-nificantly alleviating patients' pain,promoting granulation tissue formation,while maintaining a favorable safety profile.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide for-moterol in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children.Methods A total of 120 children diagnosed with bronchial asthma treated at Taiyuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2022 and December 2023 were select-ed and allocated into two groups via a random number table.The budesonide formoterol group(n=60)was treated with budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation(Ⅰ).The montelukast sodium group(n=60)was provided with a combined therapy of montelukast sodium chewable tablets in addition to the identical inhalation treatment.The effica-cy of the montelukast sodium group and the budesonide formoterol group was evaluated by monitoring inflammatory fac-tors(interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10(IL-10),and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α))and pulmonary function indicators(first-second forced expiratory volume(FEV1),forced expiratory vital capacity(FVC),peak expiratory flow rate(PEF))before and after treatment.The improvement of cough symptoms was recorded,and the medication safety was evaluat-ed.Results The montelukast sodium group demonstrated a higher overall response rate of 93.33％(56/60)compared to 78.33％(47/60)in the budesonide formoterol group,with a statistically significant difference(x2=5.551,P＜0.05).After treat-ment,the montelukast sodium group exhibited significantly lower daily and nocturnal cough scores(daily:(0.61±0.24)points vs(1.32±0.54)points;nocturnal:(0.74±0.17)points vs(1.22±0.26)points).Meanwhile,pulmonary function parameters including FEV1,FVC,PEF,FEV1/FVC and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were all higher in the montelukast sodium group than those in the budesonide formoterol group(FEV1:(2.33±0.64)L vs(1.72±0.54)L;FVC:(2.86±0.47)L vs(2.49±0.36)L;PEF:(4.54±0.69)L/s vs(4.26±0.64)L/s;FEV1/FVC:(0.81±0.19)vs(0.69±0.16);IL-10:(38.34±4.22)ng/L vs(27.56±3.31)ng/L).The levels of the inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α were lower in the montelukast sodium group(IL-6:(20.53±2.43)ng/L vs(25.46±3.37)ng/L;TNF-α:(9.24±3.34)ng/L vs(16.86±5.21)ng/L),and all the above differences were statistically significant(t=5.643,4.841,3.305,3.742,15.569,9.191,9.537,all P＜0.05).No significant difference was observed in the total incidence of ad-verse reactions between the montelukast sodium group(13.33％,8/60)and the budesonide formoterol group(6.67％,4/60)(x2=1.481,P=0.223).Conclusion The combination therapy was associated with attenuated cough symptoms and mitigated inflammation in pediatric asthma patients.It also played a beneficial role in lung function recovery and demonstrated a high level of safety.

Abstract:Objective To compare the effects of the estradiol and dydrogesterone regimen and the drospirenone and ethinylestradiol regimen on promoting endometrial repair after induced abortion.Methods A total of 152 patients who under-went induced abortion at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from March 2023 to April 2025 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different endometrial repair methods after operation,patients were di-vided into the combined group(n=77)and the COC group(n=75).The combination group received oral estradiol and dydroges-terone tablets,commencing on the first day after surgery and continuing for 3 months.The COC group received oral drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets,starting on the first day after surgery.The tablets were taken daily for 21 days,followed by a 7-day tablet-free interval.The next cycle was initiated after the onset of menstruation,and this regimen was repeated for a total of 3 cycles.The postoperative vaginal bleeding(duration and volume),menstrual recovery(time to first menstruation,amount of first menstrual flow,and regularity of menstrual cycle recovery),endometrial thickness at different time points,quality of life,and the incidence of complications within 3 months after surgery were compared.Results The endometrial thickness in the combined group at 14 days postoperatively and on days 2-3 after the first postoperative menstrual cycle((5.70±0.52)mm and(6.32±1.45)mm,respectively)were greater than those in the COC group((4.83±0.49)mm and(5.17±1.23)mm,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant(t=5.266,10.610,both P＜0.001).The duration of vaginal bleeding and the volume of vaginal bleeding in the combined group((30.17±2.72)mL and(6.35±0.94)days,respectively)were lower than those in the COC group((39.42±3.54)mL and(7.98±1.03)days,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant(t=10.196,18.093,both P＜0.001).The time to first postoperative menstruation in the combined group((26.13±2.25)days)was shorter than that in the COC group((32.84±2.96)days),and the difference was statistically significant(t=15.760,P＜0.001).The proportions of pa-tients with normal first postoperative menstrual flow and regular menstrual cycle recovery in the combined group were 75.32％(58/77)and 96.10％(74/77),respectively,higher than those in the COC group(44.00％(33/75)and 84.00％(63/75),respectively).The proportions of patients with hypomenorrhea and menorrhagia in the combined group were 18.18％(14/77)and 6.49％(5/77),respectively,lower than those in the COC group(33.33％(25/75)and 22.67％(17/75))(x2=16.492,6.258,both P＜0.05).After treatment,the 36-item short-form health survey score in the combined group((90.13±3.62)points)was significantly higher than that in the COC group((81.46±4.07)points)(t=13.886,P＜0.001).The incidence of complications within 3 months postoperatively did not differ significantly between the COC group and the combined group(9.33％(7/75)vs 6.49％(5/77),x2=0.421,P=0.516).Conclusion Compared with the drospirenone and ethinylestradiol regimen,the estradiol and dydrogesterone regimen is more ef-fective in promoting endometrial thickness recovery,shortening vaginal bleeding time,and optimizing menstrual cycle recovery af-ter induced abortion.However,the short-term complication rates of the two regimens were comparable,suggesting that continuous combination therapy may serve as one of the preferred options for postoperative endometrial repair.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum focal adhesion kinase(FAK)and fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4)in predicting cardiotoxicity during postoperative trastuzumab-based targeted therapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive breast cancer.Methods A retrospective inclusion of 136 female patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who underwent postoperative trastuzumab-based targeted therapy at Suzhou Integrated Tra-ditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital between May 2020 and May 2023 were selected.They were divided into the cardiotoxicity group(n=36)and the non-cardiotoxicity group(n=100)based on the occurrence of cardiotoxicity during targeted therapy.Serum levels of FAK and FABP4 were compared among the groups.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess predictive value,and multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze influencing factors for cardio-toxicity.Results The cardiotoxicity group had significantly higher serum levels of FAK and FABP4 compared to the non-car-diotoxicity group((48.55±4.12)μg/L vs(34.38±3.08)μg/L,(47.47±1.12)ng/mL vs(30.36±3.62)ng/mL)(t=21.552,27.825,both P＜0.001).The area under the curve(AUC)for the combined prediction of cardiotoxicity by serum FAK and FABP4 was 0.932(95％CI:0.880-0.963),which was significantly higher than that for FAK alone(0.810(95％CI:0.751-0.856))and FABP4 alone(0.752(95％CI:0.689-0.792))(Z=10.149,9.326,respectively,both P＜0.001).The cardiotoxicity group also had higher serum cardiac troponin T and B-type natriuretic peptide levels and lower left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)than the non-car-diotoxicity group(all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that LVEF≤47.65％(OR=3.755,95％CI:2.766-5.098),FAK≥39.35 μg/L(OR=3.337,95％CI:1.842-6.043),and FABP4 ≥ 37.65 ng/mL(OR=3.074,95％CI:2.025-4.667)were in-dependent influencing factors for cardiotoxicity following postoperative targeted therapy in breast cancer patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum FAK and FABP4 can effectively predict the risk of cardiotoxicity during postoperative trastuzumab-based targeted therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients,and their combined prediction offers superior clinical value.

Abstract:Objective To explore the efficacy of Bifidobacterium Tetravalent Live Bacteria Tablets as adjuvant therapy in elderly patients with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-positive gastric ulcers and its impact on intestinal flora and inflammatory factors.Methods A total of 360 elderly patients with H.pylori-positive gastric ulcers were retrospectively enrolled from January 2022 to December 2024 at Anyang People's Hospital,with 182 assigned to the quadruple therapy group(bismuth-containing qua-druple therapy)and 178 to the combination group(bismuth-containing quadruple therapy plus Bifidobacterium Tetravalent Live Bacteria Tablets).Both groups were treated for 2 weeks.The clinical efficacy at 3 months post-treatment,the levels of fecal microbi-ota(including Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus acidophilus,Enterococcus faecalis,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae)and serum inflam-matory markers(such as matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9,interleukin(IL)-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α)at baseline and 3 months post-treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the combination group was 89.89%(160/178),higher than that of the quadruple therapy group(74.73%(136/182))(χ2=14.153,P＜0.001).After treatment,the quantities of Enterococcus faecalis,Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium in the combination group((10.86±1.23)CFU/g,(7.38±0.95)CFU/g,(8.91±1.32)CFU/g,respectively)were higher than those in the quadruple therapy group((8.76±0.89)CFU/g,(4.87±0.63)CFU/g,(6.45±0.96)CFU/g,respectively),while the quantities of yeast,serum MMP-9,IL-6 and TNF-α((4.45±0.58)CFU/g,(11.59±1.74)ng/L,(9.43±1.42)ng/L,(6.05±0.90)ng/L,respectively)were lower than those in the quadruple therapy group((5.66±0.74)CFU/g,(15.12±2.26)ng/L,(12.72±2.03)ng/L,(8.41±1.26)ng/L,respectively)(t=18.589,29.605,20.255,17.242,16.580,17.782,20.410,all P＜0.001).The incidence of adverse reactions in the combination group was 5.62%(10/178),lower than that in the quadruple therapy group(17.58%(32/182))(χ2=12.500,P＜0.001).Conclusion The administration of Bifidobacterium Tetravalent Live Bacteria Tablets as an adjunctive therapy to quadruple therapy in elderly patients with H.pylori-positive gastric ulcers can enhance clinical efficacy,effectively improve intestinal microbiota structure,reduce serum in-flammatory factors,and simultaneously decrease the incidence of related adverse reactions.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy of carboprost tromethamine combined with ergometrine in the treatment of high-risk parturients for postpartum hemorrhage(PPH).Methods A total of 100 parturients with high-risk factors for PPH treated at Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University from May 2022 to May 2025 was retrospectively selected and divided into the carboprost group and the ergometrine group based on the medication regimen,with 50 cases in each group.The carboprost group was treated with carboprost tromethamine,while the ergometrine group was treated with car-boprost tromethamine combined with ergometrine.The clinical efficacy,bleeding conditions(total bleeding loss at 2 hours and 24 hours postpartum),postpartum recovery(duration of uterine contractions,duration of red and serous lochia,and hemostasis time),coagulation function indicators(activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),fibrinogen(FIB)),blood routine indicators(hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count(PLT)),and adverse reactions between the two groups were compared.Results The total effective rate in the ergometrine group was 94.00%(47/50),higher than that in the carboprost group(74.00%,37/50)(χ2=7.440,P＜0.05).The total blood loss at 2 h and 24 h postpartum in the ergometrine group((436.20±70.61)mL,(489.90±64.78)mL,respectively)were less than those in the carboprost group((478.60±73.22)mL,(549.06±65.82)mL,respectively)(t=2.947,4.529,both P＜0.05).The duration of uterine contraction in the ergometrine group((3.78±1.86)h)was longer than that in the carboprost group((1.85±0.91)h)(t=6.591,P＜0.05).The duration of red and serous lochia and hemostasis time in the ergometrine group((14.24±2.08)d,(10.18±1.82)h,respectively)were shorter than those in the carboprost group((20.56±2.25)d,(17.24±1.29)h,respectively)(t=14.690,22.381,both P＜0.05).The levels of PT,APTT,and FIB in both groups decreased compared to pre-treatment levels,and the above indicators in the ergometrine group((9.68±0.53)s,(29.99±1.36)s,(2.96±0.30)g/L)were lower than those in the carboprost group((10.53±0.66)s,(32.85±1.76)s,(3.31±0.27)g/L)(t=7.101,9.092,6.132,all P＜0.05).Both groups showed decreased levels of Hb and PLT compared to pre-treatment values,and the levels of Hb and PLT in the ergometrine group((115.06±15.63)g/L,(191.04±24.70)×109/L)were higher than those in the carboprost group((108.14±12.29)g/L,(180.80±25.97)×109/L)(t=2.461,2.176,both P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was 10.00%(5/50)in the ergometrine group and 18.00%(9/50)in the carboprost group,with no statistically obvious difference between the two groups(χ2=1.329,P＞0.05).Conclusion The combination of carboprost tromethamine and ergometrine demonstrates good efficacy in treating high-risk parturients for PPH.It can effectively improve postpartum recovery,promote the recovery of coag-ulation function,control blood loss,shorten hemostasis time,with a favorable safety profile.

Abstract:Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Suoquan Pill combined with transurethral re-section of the prostate(TURP)in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Methods A retrospective study selected 49 BPH patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome who received modified Suoquan Pill combined with TURP at the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine between January 2022 and December 2024 as the combination group.Using propensity score matching,49 BPH patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome who underwent TURP alone were selected as the monotherapy group.The mono-therapy group received tamsulosin postoperatively,while the combination group received additional modified Suoquan Pill.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS),urodynamic parameters,serological indicators,and hemodynamic indicators were compared between the two groups before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was also compared.Results After treatment,the TCM syndrome score,IPSS,residual urine volume in the bladder,and levels of vascular endothelial growth fac-tor,transforming growth factor-β1,whole blood high shear viscosity,whole blood low shear viscosity and plasma viscosity in the combination group((12.51±1.27)points,(9.24±2.75)points,(18.12±4.51)mL,(95.31±13.17)pg/mL,(14.32±2.47)μg/L,(4.21±0.54)mPa/s,(7.63±0.86)mPa/s,(1.38±0.21)mPa/s,respectively)were all lower than those in the monotherapy group((15.89±1.56)points,(11.36±2.58)points,(21.67±4.13)mL,(114.81±14.62)pg/mL,(18.49±2.58)μg/L,(4.98±0.61)mPa/s,(9.31±1.02)mPa/s,(1.64±0.32)mPa/s,respectively)(t=11.762,3.936,4.064,6.937,8.172,6.616,8.814,4.755,all P＜0.05).The maximum urinary flow rate and average urinary flow rate in the combination group((17.47±2.26)mL/s,(12.73±2.24)mL/s,re-spectively)were both higher than those in the monotherapy group((14.23±1.95)mL/s,(10.34±1.87)mL/s,respectively)(t=7.598,5.733,both P＜0.05).The total effective rate in the combination group was 95.92%(47/49),significantly higher than 81.63%(40/49)in the monotherapy group(χ2=5.018,P＜0.05).Conclusion The modified Suoquan Pill combined with TURP can effec-tively inhibit the hyperplasia of prostate tissue in BPH patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,improve the clinical symptoms and urodynamic parameters,demonstrating significant clinical efficacy.

Abstract:Objective To explore the early efficacy and safety of sulodexide in the treatment of patients with high-risk atherosclerotic stroke.Methods A total of 150 high-risk atherosclerotic stroke patients admitted to the First People's Hos-pital of Wuhu from September 2020 to September 2023 were enrolled in this prospective study.They were randomly assigned to the treatment group(n=76)and the control group(n=74)using a random number table method.The control group received stan-dard treatment as per current guidelines,including risk factor management,antiplatelet therapy,lipid-lowering,blood pressure and blood glucose control,and rehabilitation.The treatment group received sulodexide injection at a dose of 600 LSU/day via intravenous infusion for 15 days,in addition to the standard regimen given to the control group.All patients continued with the standard treatment protocol until the end of follow-up.The neurological function scores of patients in the control group and the treatment group at discharge and 90 days after onset(including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores and modified Rankin Scale(mRS)scores)at discharge and 90 days after onset,as well as the early stroke progression rate and early neurological deterioration rate at discharge,the good prognosis rate,stroke recurrence rate,vascular stenosis rate,bleeding event occurrence rate and all-cause mortality rate at 90 days after onset were compared between the control group and the treatment group.Results At discharge,the NIHSS and mRS scores of the treatment group((2.97±2.25)points and(1.69±1.07)points,respectively)were significantly lower than those of the control group((4.91±3.67)points and(2.24±1.04)points,respectively)(t=15.07,10.12,both P＜0.05).At 90 days after onset,the NIHSS and mRS scores of the treatment group((2.57±1.91)points and(1.56±1.06)points,respectively)were significantly lower than those of the control group((3.50±2.68)points and(2.07±0.98)points,respectively)(t=5.915,9.211,both P＜0.05).The early stroke progression rate and early neurological deterioration rate in the treatment group were 7.89%(6/76)and 10.53%(8/76),respectively,lower than those in the control group(21.62%(16/74)vs 22.97%(17/74)),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=3.334,4.182,both P＜0.05).At discharge,the bleeding events rate in the treatment group was 9.21%(7/76),increasing to 17.11%(13/76)at 90 days,and the all-cause mortality rate was 1.32%(1/76).And no statistically significant differences were observed compared with the control group(bleeding event rates:8.11%(6/74)at discharge and 13.51%(10/74)at 90 days;mortality:2.70%(2/74))(χ2=0.735,0.373 and 0.368,all P＞0.05).The good prognosis rate at 90 days in the treatment group was 80.26%(61/76),significantly higher than that in the control group(62.16%(46/74)),with a statistically significant difference(χ2=6.180,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in stroke recurrence rates at 90 days or in vascular stenosis rates at admission and 90 days post-onset(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Sulodexide can reduce the early stroke progression rate and early neurological deterioration rate in pa-tients with high-risk atherosclerotic stroke,improve neurological function scores at discharge and 90 days,and improve the good prognosis rate of patients at 90 days,with good safety.

Abstract:Objective To explore the efficacy of Zishen Yutai Pills combined with dydrogesterone tablets on the pregnancy outcome and the levels of estrogen and progesterone in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.Methods A total of 82 patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to October 2024 were retrospectively selected.Patients were assigned to the two groups according to the treatment plan:the dydrogesterone group(n=39,received standard intervention plus dydrogesterone tablets)and the combined group(n=43,received standard intervention plus dydrogesterone tablets and Zishen Yutai Pills).Both groups began drug treatment immediately upon enrollment and continued until 12 weeks of gestation or two weeks after the latest miscarriage event.The pregnancy outcomes(full-term delivery,survival of preterm infants,miscarriage,successful pregnancy maintenance),hormone levels(human chorionic gonadotropin,estradiol,progesterone),and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores before and after treatment were compared.Results The success rate of miscarriage prevention in the combined group was 83.72%(36/43),higher than 58.97%(23/39)in the dydrogesterone group,with a statistically significant difference(χ2=6.206,P=0.013).After treatment,serum human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG),estradiol,and progesterone levels increased in both the dydrogesterone and the combined groups,and the levels of serum hCG,estradiol in the combined group((112 576.79±569.83)IU/L and(497.22±74.58)ng/L,respectively)were higher than those in the dydrogesterone group((85 430.10±543.06)IU/L and(415.18±62.27)ng/L,respectively),with statistically significant differences(t=220.296,5.376,both P＜0.05).After treatment,the progesterone levels between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference(t=1.954,P＞0.05).After treatment,both the dydrogesterone group and the combined group showed decreases in the primary and secondary symptom scores and total scores of TCM syndromes compared to before treat-ment.Furthermore,the above scores in the combined group((11.94±1.78)points,(5.76±0.87)points,and(17.70±1.59)points,respectively)were lower than those in the dydrogesterone group((16.36±2.45)points,(8.29±1.23)points,and(24.65±2.28)points,respectively),with statistically significant differences(t=9.407,10.830,16.131,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of Zishen Yutai Pills and dydrogesterone tablets can improve the success rate of miscarriage prevention in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion,effectively regulate hormone levels,and improve TCM syndromes.

Abstract:Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of belimumab combined with hydroxychloroquine sulfate in the treatment of lupus nephritis(LN).Methods A total of 104 LN patients who received targeted treatment at the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University from May 2021 to December 2024 were selected as subjects for this trial and randomly allocated into two groups:the control group(52 patients)received hydroxychloroquine sulfate treatment,and the observation group(52 patients)received belimumab combined with hydroxychloroquine sulfate treatment.The clinical efficacy,renal function indicators(serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),24-hour urinary protein quantification(24 h-UPro)),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),immune function indicators(complement(C3,C4),immunoglobulins(IgA,IgG,IgM))levels,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared be-tween the two groups before and after treatment.Results The total effective rate in observation group was 92.31%(48/52),higher than that in the control group(78.85%,41/52)(χ2=5.279,P＜0.05).After treatment,both groups showed decreased Scr,BUN,and 24 h-UPro levels compared to pre-treatment levels,and the levels in the observation group((95.48±14.66)µmol/L,(7.16±1.22)mmol/L,(0.41±0.09)mg/24 h,respectively)were lower than those in the control group((124.65±15.42)µmol/L,(9.27±1.33)mmol/L,(0.68±0.12)mg/24 h,respectively)(t=9.886,8.431,12.980,all P＜0.05).After treatment,ESR and CRP levels decreased in both groups,with the observation group exhibiting lower levels((21.88±6.01)mm/h,(4.03±1.85)mg/L)than the control group((35.49±5.82)mm/h,(6.57±1.51)mg/L)(t=4.446,7.670,both P＜0.05).After treatment,C3 and C4 levels increased in both groups,and the levels in the observation group((1.22±0.30)g/L,(0.33±0.10)g/L)were higher than those in the control group((0.87±0.25)g/L,(0.24±0.07)g/L)(t=8.286,3.379,both P＜0.05).After treatment,IgG,IgM,and IgA levels decreased in both groups,with the observation group showing lower values((12.85±1.64)g/L,(1.71±0.22)g/L,(2.27±0.39)g/L)than the control group((17.87±1.51)g/L,(2.16±0.31)g/L,(2.91±0.47)g/L)(t=16.238,8.537,7.557,all P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.69%(4/52)in the observation group and 19.23%(10/52)in the control group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ2=2.971,P＞0.05).Conclusion The combination therapy of belimumab and hydroxychloroquine sulfate in the treatment of LN demonstrates significant efficacy,effectively improving patients'inflammatory status,correcting immune dysfunction,protecting renal function,and demonstrating good safety.