Abstract:Objective To observe the application effect of negative pressure wound therapy(NPWT)combined with free flap transplantation(FFT)in the treatment of patients with extensive burn surface(EBS).Methods From February 2022 to August 2024,A prospective clinical controlled trial was conducted in 115 patients with EBS treated in Department.of Burn and Plastic Surgery,The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu.After generating the random sequence by computer grouping method,the patients were divided into the con-ventional group(57 cases)and the combined group(58 cases).The conventional group was treated with FFT,while the combined group was treated with Ayong NPWT combined with FFT.The patients were followed up for 6 mouths after treatment.The inflammatory indexes,wound healing,rehabilitation process and complications of the two groups were compared.Results After treatment,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and IL-1β in the combined group were lower than those in the conventional group,and the level of interleukin-10(IL-10)in the combined group was higher than that in the conventional group(t=6.040,3.548,3.233,3.596;P＜0.05).The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and epidermal growth factor(EGF)in the combined group were higher than those in the conventional group(t=3.395,2.693,3.518,3.415;P＜0.05).The flap vascularization time,wound complete closure time,drainage tube removal time,passive activity time and hospital stay in the combined group were lower than those in the conventional group(t=3.713,3.422,5.862,7.585,2.616;P＜0.05).By the end of follow-up,the incidence of complications in the combined group was 8.62％(5/58),which was lower than 29.82％(17/57)in the conventional group(x2=8.355;P＜0.05).Conclusion NPWT combined with FFT can reduce the inflammatory reaction and promote wound healing in patients with EBS,which has a positive negative effect on speeding up the rehabilitation process and reducing the risk of complications.

Abstract:Keloid is an abnormal pathological scar that tends to relapse after treatment,causing huge physical and mental harm to patients.The Vancouver scar scale(VSS)is a commonly used clinical evaluation method for scars at present.High-frequency ultrasound(HFU),as a non-invasive examination method with good repeatability,can quantitatively assess each parameter of the scar VSS.Combined with new ultrasound technologies such as superb micro vascular imaging(SMI),contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),and three-dimen-sional ultrasound,it can further improve and supplement parameters beyond the VSS.By quantitatively evaluating the proliferative and sta-ble phases of the scar,it provides a more reliable basis for assessing the prognosis of keloids.The research progress on the quantitative e-valuation of multiple parameters of scar keloids VSS by high-frequency ultrasound was reviewed.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment,and outcomes of patients with injection-induced botulism,and to provide evidence for standardizing its clinical management.Methods From January 2024 to January 2025,a retrospec-tive analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 15 patients with injection-induced botulism admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University.The clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination results,treatment plans,and prognosis of these patients were summarized.Results All 15 patients received illegal botulinum toxin injections at non-medical facilities,among whom 3 had mild poisoning,10 had moderate poisoning,and 2 had severe poisoning.All patients were given symptomatic supportive treatment and injections of botulinum antitoxin type A(4.0 ml/10 000 IU).Their poisoning symptoms were all improved,and no deaths occurred.Eight patients de-veloped serum sickness reactions after antitoxin injection,manifested as erythema,induration,pruritus,pain and increased skin tempera-ture at the injection site,of which 2 were accompanied by fever.The incidence of complications was 53.33％,and all patients recovered af-ter symptomatic treatment.Conclusion Injection of botulinum toxin from unregulated sources can lead to severe poisoning with diverse clinical manifestations,which may be life-threatening in critical cases.Early initiation of symptomatic support and antitoxin therapy is es-sential to reduce complications and improve prognosis.However,vigilance is warranted against potential complications such as serum sick-ness and hypersensitivity reactions induced by equine-derived antitoxin..

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human type Ⅲ collagen(Rhc-Ⅲ)combined with Ultra-pulsed CO2 fractional laser on repairing facial atrophic scars and its impact on transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and aesthetic appearance.Methods One hundred and forty-six patients with facial atrophic scarring were selected from May 2022 to January 2024 and divided into two groups of 73 cases each according to the randomized numerical table method.The control group underwent hyperpulsed CO2 fractional laser,based on which the study group was treated with Rhc-Ⅲ gel after laser.The two groups were compared in terms of treatment effect,scar weighting score(ECCA),Vancouver scar scale(VSS),skin testing system(VISIA),skin parameters(erythema index,skin texture value,spot value),TGF-β1,VEGF expression in the scabbed tissues,aesthetic appearance in the two groups after treatment,and statistics of adverse reactions during the treatment period.Results The total effective rate of the study group(95.89％)was higher than that of the control group(80.82％)(P＜0.05);the ECCA,VSS score,erythema index,skin texture val-ue,and blotchy value of the study group were lower than that of the control group at 3 months after treatment(P＜0.05),the expression levels of TGF-β 1 and VEGF in the scabbed tissues of the study group at the first,second,and third treatment sessions were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the aesthetic appearance of the study group was superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05),the incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the study group(8.22％)than in the control group(20.55％)(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of Rhc-Ⅲ and Ultra-pulsed CO2 fractional laser has a good effect on repairing facial atrophic scars,reducing erythema and pigmentation,im-proving skin texture,and enhancing facial aesthetics.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of microneedle radiofrequency combined with type A botulinum toxin in improving pore enlargement caused by different degrees of photoaging.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 60 patients with photoaging-induced pore enlargement of varying degrees,who were admitted to the Department of Plastic and Aes-thetic Surgery,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2023 to June 2025.According to the Glogau photoaging classification criteria,the patients were divided into mild group,moderate group,and severe group,with 20 cases in each group.All patients received fa-cial microneedle radiofrequency combined with type A botulinum toxin microdroplet intradermal injection.The changes of facial pores were detected and recorded using a VISIA skin image analyzer before and after treatment.The absolute values of pore counts before and after treatment were compared,and patient satisfaction and adverse reactions were collected.Results After treatment,the VISIA-detected pore counts in all three groups decreased,with statistically significant differences in intra-group comparisons(P＜0.05).The decrease amplitude of absolute pore counts showed a trend of severe group＞moderate group＞mild group.All three groups experienced mild stinging during treatment,with no statistically significant differences in VAS pain scores(P＞0.05).Inter-group comparison of satisfaction showed that the severe group(90.0％)＞moderate group(85.0％)＞mild group(80.0％),with no statistically significant differences between groups(P＞0.05).No severe adverse reactions occurred during treatment.Conclusion Microneedling radiofrequency combined with botulinum toxin type A can effectively improve symptoms in patients with varying degrees of photoaging-induced enlarged pores,demonstrating more significant improvement for moderate to severe cases,thereby providing a new strategy for graded treatment.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the current situation of body image disorder in patients with facial plastic surgery,and to explore the mediating effect of social appearance anxiety between fear of negative evaluation and body image disorder.Methods A total of 552 patients with facial plastic surgery in a Class ⅲ Grade A hospital in Jiangsu Province from January 2024 to February 2025 were select-ed as the research objects by the convenient sampling method.The Fear of Negative Evaluation scale,Social Appearance Anxiety Scale and Body Image Disorder Self-rating Scale were used to investigate them.Results The overall incidence of body image disorder in 533 pa-tients with facial plastic surgery was 12.95％,which was positively correlated with fear of negative evaluation and anxiety of social appear-ance(P＜0.01),and fear of negative evaluation was positively correlated with anxiety of social appearance(P＜0.01).Social appearance anxi-ety had a partial mediating effect between fear of negative evaluation and body image disorder(β=0.3910,SE=0.0716),and the mediating effect contributed 62.82％to the total effect.Conclusion Fear of negative evaluation can affect body image disorder through social ap-pearance anxiety in patients with facial plastic surgery.Plastic surgery medical staff need to pay attention to the correlation among fear of negative evaluation,social appearance anxiety and body image disorder,guide facial plastic patients to learn effective emotion regulation and self-acceptance strategies,reduce the negative interpretation of others' evaluation,establish a correct self-cognition and aesthetic con-cept,so as to reduce social appearance anxiety,reduce the occurrence of body image disorder and promote mental health.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of pulsed dye laser(PDL)combined with intralesional injection of medica-tions in the treatment of small and inflammatory keloids,Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted involving 96 patients with small or inflammatory keloids recruited from the Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery at West China Hospital between March 2021 and December 2023.Patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group.The experimental group received PDL treatment combined with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TAC)and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU),while the control group received only TAC and 5-FU injections.The Vancouver Scar Scale(VSS)was used to evaluate the scar condition before treatment,one month after the final treatment,and six months after the final treatment.Recurrence rates were followed up for one year.Results One month after the final treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in VSS scores compared to the control group(P＜0.001),with an effective rate of 72.3％versus 32.7％in the control group.The experimental group demonstrated sig-nificantly greater improvements in both total VSS score and pigmentation at one and six months post-treatment,with particularly marked improvement in pigmentation.However,the 1-year recurrence rate was higher in the experimental group(8.5％)compared to the control group(4.1％).Conclusion PDL combined with TAC and 5-FU intralesional injections is effective in improving scar conditions in patients with small and inflammatory keloids,particularly in enhancing pigmentation outcomes.However,attention should be paid to the potential for a slightly higher recurrence rate.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 595 nm pulsed dye laser(PDL)combined with ultra-pulsed CO2 fractional laser(UFCL)in early post-burn scarring.Methods A total of 40 patients were selected from August 2022 to Januaryr 2025.Laser intervention treatment was started at 2 to 4 weeks of scar formation,fractional laser therapy was performed within 1 week after PDL treatment in the experimental group,and UFCL treatment was performed after 2 sessions of PDL treatment in the control group(20 cases in each group).Both groups were routinely treated with drugs and elastic bandage compression.PDL is treated every 4 weeks,and fractional laser is treated every 8 weeks.Before laser treatment and 6 months after scar formation,the scar score,patient satisfaction score,occurrence of complications and the number of round trips were counted.Results(1)The improvement of pain,itching,color,hardness,thickness,irregularity,vascularization,pigmentation,thickness,tension,softness and comprehensive score of patients and observers in the experimen-tal group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).(2)In terms of satisfaction,the improvement rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).(3)In terms of adverse reactions,there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The short-term combination of 595 nm pulsed dye laser combined with ultra-pulsed carbon dioxide fractional laser shows a significant synergistic effect in the early intervention of post-burn scars,improving the appearance and function of patients,without increasing adverse reactions,and can safely and effectively improve scar hyperplasia,with high patient satisfaction.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of autologous platelet rich plasma(PRP)and recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(rhGM-CSF)gel on chronic refractory wounds and the changes of wound growth factor levels.Methods From January 2023 to July 2024,112 patients with chronic refractory wounds were selected,including 56 patients with rhGM CSF gel(control group)and 56 patients with PRP gel(observation group).The treatment effect,clinical related indicators,inflamma-tory factors[white blood cell count(WBC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP)]levels,wound growth factors[PDGF,VEGF,epidermal growth factor(EGF)]levels and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results Com-pared with the control group,the observation group had better overall effective rate,wound healing,hospitalization time,VAS score at 7 and 14 days of treatment,and bacterial conversion rate(all P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of WBC,CRP,and ESR decreased in both groups,and the observation group was lower than the control group;The levels of PDGF,EGF,and VEGF all increased,and the observation group was higher than the control group(all P＜0.05).The overall incidence of adverse reactions was comparable between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with rhGM-CSF gel,PRP gel has better effect in the treatment of chronic refractory wounds,which can quickly promote wound healing,relieve pain and improve the level of wound growth factor.

Abstract:Objective To observe the application effect of CO2 frational laser combined with comprehensive rehabilitation mea-sures on patients with hand burns,scars,and contractures.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 118 patients with hand burns,scars,and contractures admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to June 2024.The patients were divided into two groups using the drawing method.59 patients with odd numbers were selected as the control group,and 59 patients with even numbers were selected as the laser group.The control group received conventional comprehensive rehabilitation treatment,while the laser group re-ceived CO2 frational laser combined with conventional rehabilitation treatment.After treatment,the patients were followed up for one year to compare the scar improvement,wound growth,incidence of complications,and hand function recovery between the two groups.Results Under different treatment plans,the scar color,thickness,vascular distribution,and softness scores on the VSS in the laser group were lower than those in the conventional group(t=8.680,8.097,12.009,6.357;P＜0.05).The levels of EGF,PDGF,TGF-β1,and bFGF in the laser group were higher than those in the conventional group(t=3.533,3.820,3.504,4.593;P＜0.05).During the follow-up period,the incidence of complications in the laser group was 6.78％(4/59)lower than that in the conventional group,which was 20.34％(12/59)(x2=4.628;P＜0.05).As of the end of follow-up,the MCP,PIP,DIP,and hand grip strength of the laser group were(60.35±10.41)°,(70.24±10.39)°,(40.25±5.37)°,and(20.35±3.55)kg,respectively,all higher than those of the conventional group[(55.42±10.36)°,(65.39±10.45)°,(37.52±5.46)°,and(18.65±3.47)kg](t=2.578,2.528,2.738,2.630;P＜0.05).Conclusion CO2 frational laser combined with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy can improve the scar condition of patients with hand burn scar contracture,promote wound growth,reduce the risk of complications,and promote hand function recovery,all of which have positive significance.

Abstract:Looking back at the various advancements in the field of laser and aesthetics in 2024 and early 2025,it can be ob-served that an increasing number of clinical studies from China mailand are emerging.These changes and developments have been a sig-nificant driving force for clinical research in international laser and aesthetics,especially in terms of clinical data and conclusions among Eastern Asians,who make up more than 60％of the global population.They also provide opportunities for the development of domestic laser equipment.Laser therapy has shown certain advantages in facial rejuvenation and hair removal,pigmentary diseases and tattoos,vas-cular diseases,superficial tumors,and skin tags.The author has conducted a basic screening and evaluation of the progress in various as-pects of the laser field,aiming to provide clinical evidence for current treatment methods.

Abstract:Since 2008,minimally invasive lipolysis has undergone revolutionary development in the field of aesthetic surgery.Based on a systematic review of the past 16 years of specialized literature,this review aims to comprehensively evaluate the latest advances in minimally invasive lipolysis technologies.The article first reviews early techniques based on tumescent liposuction,and from this foun-dation,elaborates on the technological innovation and clinical applications of modern energy-based lipolysis devices,covering laser-as-sisted lipolysis(LAL),radiofrequency-assisted lipolysis(RFAL),cryolipolysis,as well as emerging modalities such as high-intensity fo-cused ultrasound(HIFU)and high-intensity focused electromagnetic field(HIFEM).The mechanisms of action,device iterations,clinical indications,efficacy,and safety of each technology are analyzed in detail,with special attention to their additional effects on skin tightening alongside fat cell reduction.Secondly,this review focuses on injection lipolysis,highlighting deoxycholic acid as the first injectable fat re-duction drug approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for the treatment of submental fat,its mechanism of action,clinical protocols,and safety data,and clarifies its distinction from traditional"mesotherapy".Finally,the article presents a cross-sectional compar-ison of the various technologies,discusses synergistic strategies for combination treatments,and looks ahead to future trends in intelligent,precise,and multi-effective development.The conclusion states that modern minimally invasive lipolysis now offers diverse techniques,so clinicians should use evidence-based medicine to create personalized treatment plans that maximise safety and body contouring outcomes.

Abstract:Objective To quantitatively assess the effectiveness of lower eyelid rejuvenation surgery through the analysis of three-dimensional facial images.Methods From January 2024 to January 2025,36 patients who accepted transconjunctival lower eye-lid blepharoplasty were recruited for this study.The changes in lower eyelid morphological characteristics after blepharoplasty were quantitatively described by evaluating the variations of 38 lower eyelid assessment indicators derived from 27 landmark points,and the surgical effects were assessed using the Barton classification and patient satisfaction surveys.Results All patients expressed satisfac-tion with the surgical outcomes,and the overall Barton grade of patients decreased significantly.There were 24 indicators showing signif-icant differences postoperatively compared to preoperatively.Among them,10 indicators significantly increased,including 5 lines(PP-mD_pc,PPmD_lcl,PPmD_mm,PPmD_ml,PPmD_ex),1 area(SPR),and 4 ratios(PPFH,PFBE,ATTL,ALEL).Meanwhile,14 indicators significantly decreased compared to preoperative values,including 10 lines(TTmD_en,TTmD_mcl,TTmD_pc,LJmD_lcl,LJmD_ex,TTmD_mm,LJmD_ml,TTED_pc,MWTT,MWLE),1 curve(TTL),2 areas(STT,SLES),and 1 ratio(TTBE).The remaining 14 indicators showed no statistically significant differences before and after surgery(P＞0.05).Their three-dimensional facial images were collected before and after the surgery,and then 38 lower eyelid measurement indicators derived from 27 landmarks were performed for descrip-tion of lower eyelid characteristics.Besides,the surgical outcomes were evaluated through the Barton grade and patient satisfaction surveys.Conclusion Three-dimensional facial imaging enables a quantitative and precise assessment of changes in the lower eyelid re-gion before and after lower eyelid rejuvenation surgery,which holds significant value for the personalized design of surgical plans and the standardized evaluation of surgical outcomes.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the impacts of oral levovitamin C combined with Q-switched laser on the degree of pigmen-tation and skin elasticity in patients with facial traumatic pigmentation.Methods A total of 186 patients diagnosed with pigmentation in Hebei University of Engineering Affiliated Hospital From September 2021 to March 2024 were collected and stochastically separated into a laser group and a combined treatment group by random number table method,with 93 patients in each group.The laser group used Q-switched laser,while the combined treatment group used a combination of levonorepinephrine and Q-switched laser.The clinical effi-cacy,skin indicators,pigmentation symptom scores,oxidative indicators,hormone levels[follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2)],melanin index(MI),erythema index(EI),and untoward reactions were compared between the two groups after treatment.Results After treatment,the total effective rate of the combined treatment group was 94.62％,which was prominently higher than the 83.87％of the laser group(P＜0.05).The scores of pigmentation symptoms,MI,EI,lipid peroxidation(LPO),FSH,and E2 levels in both groups were promi-nently reduced compared to before treatment(P＜0.05),and the combined treatment group was lower than the laser group(P＜0.05).The stratum corneum moisture content,skin elasticity,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)level in both groups were prominently increased com-pared to before treatment,and the combined treatment group was higher than the laser group(P＜0.05).There was no prominent difference in the incidence of untoward reactions between the combined treatment group and the laser group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The combination of levovitamin C and Q-switched laser therapy can improve clinical efficacy,alleviate pigmentation symptoms,reduce degrees of pigmenta-tion and oxidation,improve skin elasticity,and have high safety in patients with facial traumatic pigmentation.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics,clinical features,and treatment strategies of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents in the Xi'an region.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 171 pa-tients aged ≤18 years with acute maxillofacial fractures admitted to the Department of Plastic Surgery of our hospital from January 2022 to December 2024.The patients were divided into three age subgroups:0 to 6 years,7 to 12 years,and 13 to 18 years.Demographic charac-teristics,injury causes,fracture distribution,associated injuries,and treatment methods were compared.Results Among the 171 patients,126 were male(73.7％)and 45 were female(26.3％),with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8∶1,which increased with age(reaching 4.5∶1 in the 13 to 18 years group).The majority of patients were adolescents aged 13 to 18 years(110 cases,64.3％).The top three causes of injury were traffic accidents(63 cases,36.8％),falls(43 cases,25.1％),and blows/object impacts(32 cases,18.7％).Interpersonal violence injuries(28 cases,16.4％)were only observed in patients above 7 years old,with the highest proportion in the 13 to 18 years group(22.7％).The most common fracture site was the nasal bone(101 cases,59.1％),followed by maxillary fractures(81 cases,47.4％)and mandibular frac-tures(33 cases,19.3％).Among mandibular fractures,condylar fractures accounted for 57.6％.Associated injuries included traumatic brain injury(18 cases,10.5％)and skull fracture(26 cases,15.2％).A total of 154 patients(90.1％)underwent surgical treatment,including closed reduction of nasal bone fractures(71 cases,41.5％)with an average operation time of(20.99±9.88)min and intraoperative blood loss of(1.43±1.67)ml,and open reduction and internal fixation of maxillofacial fractures(80 cases,46.8％)with an average operation time of(142.32±74.38)min and blood loss of(23.37±14.02)ml.Titanium plates were the most commonly used fixation material(82.5％),but the absorbable material usage rate reached 75.0％in the 0 to 6 years group.Seventeen cases(9.9％)did not undergo surgery,with the highest non-surgical rate observed in the 0 to 6 years group(33.3％).Conclusion Maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents in the Xi'an region predominantly affect male adolescents,with traffic accidents and falls being the leading causes.Nasal bone fractures are the most common.Age significantly influences injury mechanisms and treatment choices,with younger children more frequently receiving absorbable materials and having a higher rate of non-surgical management.This study provides data support for formulating age-specific diagnosis.

Abstract:Objective To study the effect of combination of bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel and plasma radiofrequency technology on facial scars and its impacts on serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and estradiol(E2).Methods From July 2023 to July 2024,108 patients diagnosed with facial acne scars in our hospital were stochastically assigned into single group and combined group,each with 54.The single group adopted plasma radio frequency technology,while combined group adopted combination of bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel and plasma radio frequency technology.The clinical efficacy,clinically relevant indicators,skin indicators,Vancouver scar scale(VSS)score,patient and observer scar assessment scale(PSAS)score,E2,inflammation levels,and adverse reactions were ana-lyzed.Results The combined group(94.44％)had a manifestly higher total effective rate than the single group(81.48％)after treatment(P＜0.05).The combined group had shorter duration of erythema,scab formation time,and edema resolution time than the single group(P＜0.05).Both groups had manifestly increased skin moisture content,stratum corneum moisture content,and E2 after treatment(P＜0.05),and with combined group having higher results than single group(P＜0.05).Two groups showed reduced VSS score,PSAS score,TNF-α,and interleukin-6(IL-6)(P＜0.05),and with combined group having lower results than single group(P＜0.05).The adverse reactions showed no manifest difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The combination of bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel and plasma radiofrequency technology can improve the clinical effect on facial acne scars,improve clinical indicators and skin status,increase E2,re-duce scar degree,reduce inflammatory reaction,and have high safety.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the characteristics,possible causes,and prevention and treatment methods of nodules appear-ing after minimally invasive facial aesthetic procedures.Methods From Januany 2020 to July 2024,a retrospective analysis was con-ducted on the clinical manifestations,pathology,etiological characteristics,and treatment outcomes of 26 patients diagnosed with facial nodules in outpatient clinics,all of whom had a clear history of minimally invasive aesthetic procedures prior to onset.Results All 26 pa-tients were treated in non-medical institutions,and 2 cases were self-manipulated.The methods of operation included microneedle injec-tion,syringe injection and tattooing.There was a correlation between clinical manifestations and modes of manipulation:papular plaque-type in 8 cases(7 cases of tattooing);small papule-type in 10 cases(8 cases of microneedle injection);large nodule cystic-type in 8 cases(7 cases of syringe injection).Histopathological examination revealed granulomas in the majority of cases(16/17),including 10 in fectious granulomas and 6 non-infectious granulomas,4 of the latter being eyebrow tattoo-related sarcoidosis.Among 10 patients who underwent etiological testing,6 were positive.Infectious granulomas were most frequently associated with syringe injections(4 cases)and required combined antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention.Conclusion The type of nodules post minimally invasive aes-thetic procedures is related to the manipulation technique,and various methods can lead to infectious granulomas,with syringe injection being the most common cause.In patients with severe and refractory infectious granulomas,mycobacteria are the most frequently identified infectious agents.Strict aseptic techniques and the use of compliant products are essential.If nodules occur,prompt pathological and etio-logical testing,followed by standardized treatment,is required.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of autologous fat transplantation combined with hair follicle unit trans-plantation for repairing alopecia cicatrisata.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 29 patients with alopecia cicatrisata who sought medical attention at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2020 to January 2023.The authors used suction technology to extract granular fat from the posterior inner thigh or abdomen,and then filtered the fat with cotton pads before inject-ing it into the area below the scar.After a minimum interval of 3 months,the authors extracted hair follicle units from the healthy scalp at the occipital region and separate them before micro-needle puncture implantation in the scarred hair loss defect area.The authors observed the survival rate of transplanted hair follicle units and the repair effect at 1 year after operation,and collected patient satisfaction evalua-tions.Results The VSS scores for scalp scars after fat grafting surgery were lower at 3 months postoperatively.At 1 year follow-up after hair transplantation surgery,23 patients had their scalp completely covered,and 6 had their scalp basically covered.The survival rate of hair transplantation in scarred areas was 84.56％～89.01％,with an average of 85.55％.Twenty-eight patients expressed very high satisfaction with the operation,while 1 expressed basic satisfaction.Conclusion The combination of autologous fat transplantation and hair follicle u-nit transplantation for repairing alopecia cicatrisata has proven to be effective,with high patient satisfaction,and is worth clinical promotion.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of various surgical techniques performed through transcutaneous ap-proaches in the management of ptosis related to Horner's syndrome.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on clinical data from patients treated between June 2022 and June 2024.Patients underwent surgical correction via two different procedures:levator aponeurosis folding and levator aponeurosis-Müller's muscle advancement.Preoperative assessments included levator function and degree of ptosis.Postoperative follow-up focused on comparing outcomes such as the difference in marginal reflex distance 1(MRD1),incidence of complica-tions,and patient satisfaction.Results A total of 42 patients(42 eyes)with mild to moderate ptosis were included,with follow-up durations ranging from 8 to 15 months(mean:10.4 months).Twenty patients underwent levator aponeurosis folding,with an average operative time of(49.65±4.51)min.The preoperative MRD1 difference was(1.62±0.27)mm,which decreased to(0.16±0.17)mm at 6 months postoperative-ly,with 3 cases of recurrent ptosis.Twenty-two patients received levator aponeurosis-Müller's muscle advancement,with an average opera-tive time of(58.05±5.64)min.The preoperative MRD1 difference was(1.54±0.31)mm,reducing to(0.08±0.13)mm at 6 months,with 1 case of recurrent ptosis.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences only in operative duration between the two groups.Conclusion Both levator aponeurosis folding and levator aponeurosis-Müller's muscle advancement performed via transcutaneous approaches effectively im-prove ptosis associated with Horner's syndrome.These procedures also enhance eyelid morphology and yield high patient satisfaction.