A retrospective analysis of complications of nodules after minimally invasive facial aesthetic procedures

FAN Yi; WANG Xiaowen; SONG Yinggai; WANG Xiangxi; WU Yan

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7040.2025.10.011

Abstract：Objective To analyze the characteristics,possible causes,and prevention and treatment methods of nodules appear-ing after minimally invasive facial aesthetic procedures.Methods From Januany 2020 to July 2024,a retrospective analysis was con-ducted on the clinical manifestations,pathology,etiological characteristics,and treatment outcomes of 26 patients diagnosed with facial nodules in outpatient clinics,all of whom had a clear history of minimally invasive aesthetic procedures prior to onset.Results All 26 pa-tients were treated in non-medical institutions,and 2 cases were self-manipulated.The methods of operation included microneedle injec-tion,syringe injection and tattooing.There was a correlation between clinical manifestations and modes of manipulation:papular plaque-type in 8 cases(7 cases of tattooing);small papule-type in 10 cases(8 cases of microneedle injection);large nodule cystic-type in 8 cases(7 cases of syringe injection).Histopathological examination revealed granulomas in the majority of cases(16/17),including 10 in fectious granulomas and 6 non-infectious granulomas,4 of the latter being eyebrow tattoo-related sarcoidosis.Among 10 patients who underwent etiological testing,6 were positive.Infectious granulomas were most frequently associated with syringe injections(4 cases)and required combined antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention.Conclusion The type of nodules post minimally invasive aes-thetic procedures is related to the manipulation technique,and various methods can lead to infectious granulomas,with syringe injection being the most common cause.In patients with severe and refractory infectious granulomas,mycobacteria are the most frequently identified infectious agents.Strict aseptic techniques and the use of compliant products are essential.If nodules occur,prompt pathological and etio-logical testing,followed by standardized treatment,is required.