Abstract:Shengyang Yiwei Decoction(升阳益胃汤)originated from LI Dongyuan's Clarifying Doubts about Damage from Internal and External Causes,and its main efficacy is to benefit qi and raise yang,as well as clear heat and eliminate dampness.Professor CHENG Choufu uses this prescription on the basis of comprehensive consideration of disease,syndrome,and symptom,treating different diseases with the same therapeutic method,which has achieved remarkable curative effects.By analyzing the cases of ptosis,hematuria,hypothyroidism,and edema treated by Professor CHENG with Shengyang Yiwei Decoction,the key points in his clinical application of this prescription were summarized as follows:First,diagnose the disease,clarify the diagnosis of the disease,and identify the fundamental contradiction of the disease.The key to applying Shengyang Yiwei Decoction is recognizing that the central issue of the disease is spleen and stomach weakness.Second,differentiate the syndrome.The syndrome of qi deficiency and dampness-heat serves as the basis for selecting this prescription.Third,diffe-rentiate the symptoms.In clinical practice,adjust the medications according to specific symptoms.

Abstract:The concept of"central qi like an axis"refers to the central role of the spleen,stomach,and earthy qi,which operate as the hub of a circle,while the"four dimensions like a wheel"represent the outer framework of liver wood,heart fire,lung metal,and kidney water moving in a circular pattern.When the central axis is impaired,it disrupts the harmony of the four dimensions,causing the air mechanism to lose its balance,the visceral yin-yang relationships to falter,and the cycle of movement to become irregular,thereby giving rise to various diseases.Pediatric nephrotic syndrome is one of the challenging conditions in pediatrics.YU Renhuan proposed an interpretation of the pathogenesis evolution of pediatric nephrotic syndrome based on the theory of"central qi like an axis,and the four dimensions like a wheel."This perspective outlines the progression of the disease from the early stage(disharmony between the liver and lungs,disruption of ascending and descending functions),through the middle stage(disharmony between water and fire,excessive yin fire),to the protracted phase(disharmony among the five viscera,and disordered qi transformation).Clinical treatment is primarily centered on regulating and supplementing earth qi,with concurrent adjustments to the qi of wood,fire,metal,and water.It also incorporates methods such as dispelling wind,resolving dampness,promoting blood circulation,and eliminating pathogenic factors,thereby helping to restore the body's qi circulation and achieving harmony between the wheel and axis.

Abstract:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis considered within the scope of lung atrophy and lung impediment in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).From the perspective of excess evil causing diseases,a review of ancient and modern literature reveals that this disease is closely related to the accumulation of blood stasis and toxins.Based on clinical practice,the disease cause of this disease can be explained from the perspective of"lung heat and collateral stasis",which runs through the entire course of the disease.Under the guidance of the theory of"stasis toxins"in TCM,this paper explores the disease from the perspective of integrating traditional Chinese and western medicine,taking clearing heat,detoxifying and unblocking collaterals as the primary principles of treatment,and making differential diagnosis and treatment based on clinical symptoms,achieving remarkable results.

Abstract:Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness caused by temporary ischemia and hypoxia of brain tissue.Vasovagal syncope(VVS)is the most common form of syncope,but its pathogenesis is complex,and its etiology remains unclear.Modern medicine still lacks an effective treatment for this condition.The theory of"yang weak and yin stringy"proposed by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber,is the disease mechanism of chest obstruction and heart pain,which means that chest yang is weak and yin cold attack upwards.Head is the rendezvous of yang meridians.Based on the disease mechanism and clinical manifestations of VVS,it is believed that yang qi deficiency is the root cause.By differentiating yang qi deficiency in the heart,spleen,and kidneys,treatment methods such as warming and tonifying the heart yang,invigorating spleen and lifting the clear,and tonifying fire and warming earth are employed to treat VVS.This provides new insights and approaches for the clinical treatment of VVS.One verified case is provided for reference.

Abstract:Bronchial asthma is a common chronic lung disease in children,with its onset closely associated with an imbalance between T-helper 17(Th17)lymphocyte/regulatory T(Treg)cells.The concept of"left ascending and right descending"is a summary that liver and lung regulate qi's ascending and descending,and is related to the onset of pediatric asthma.This paper explores the role of Th17/Treg immune imbalance in asthma from the aspects of Th17/Treg imbalance to promote the occurrence and development of asthma,the role of"left ascending and right descending"theory in the disease cause and mechanism of asthma,and the compatibility of"left ascending and right descending"with Th17/Treg immune balance,so as to illuminate the scientific rationale behind traditional Chinese medicine approaches to preventing and treating pediatric asthma.

Abstract:The"Si Zhi"theory refers to the corresponding relationship among"He-qi","Ji-qi","Gu-qi","Shen-qi"and"anger","big","firm",and"heat"of penile erection,which is a generalization of the process of penile erection.By combing the understanding of the theory of"Si Zhi"in the history,the connotation of the theory is preliminarily elaborated:"He-qi"refers to"liver qi","Ji-qi"refers to"spleen qi","Gu-qi"refers to"kidney qi","Shen-qi"refers to"heart qi".Erection and treatment of impotence are related to the physiological functions of liver,spleen,kidney and heart.Furthermore,it is considered that"anger","big","firm"and"heat"correspond to the latency phase,tumescence phase,full erection phase and rigid erection phase of erection in modern medicine.Based on the theory of"Si Zhi",the treatment for impotence is proposed as follows:soothing liver qi and nourishing liver blood to regulate He-qi;invigorating spleen qi and dispelling phlegm and dampness to nourish Ji-qi;warming kidney yang and tonifying life gate to strengthen Gu-qi;tonifying heart qi and tranquilizing mind to calm Shen-qi.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of modified Bushen Huoxue Decoction(补肾活血汤)combined with thunder fire moxibustion on osteoporosis(OP)of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type,and to provide references for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical prevention and treatment of OP.Methods:Eighty OP patients of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,40 patients in each group,using a random number table.The control group received conventional western medicine,while the observation group received additional Bushen Huoxue Decoction combined with thunder fire moxibustion alongside western medicine.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 8 weeks of treatment.Changes of TCM symptom scores before and after treatment were recorded.Bone mineral density(BMD)of lumbar vertebrae L4 and L5,femur,and tibia were measured using dual-energy X-ray bone densitometer.Pain intensity,lumbar and back function,and quality of life were assessed using visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI)and 36-Item Short Form Survey(SF-36),respectively.Serum levels of bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein(BGP),β-collagen degradation product(β-CTX)and type Ⅰ procollagen amino terminal elongation peptide(PINP)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:There were no statistical differences between the observation group and the control group at baseline(P＞0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,the observation group showed lower TCM symptom scores,VAS and ODI scores,as well as serum β-CTX levels(P＜0.05)compared to before treatment.BMD levels,quality of life score and levels of serum BGP and PINP significantly increased compared to baseline(P＜0.05).Compared to the control group,the observation group had a significantly higher total effective rate(P＜0.05).Additionally,the observation group exhibited significantly lower TCM symptom scores,VAS and ODI scores,and serum β-CTX levels,while BMD levels,quality of life scores and levels of serum BGP and PINP were significantly higher(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Modified Bushen Huoxue Decoction combined with thunder fire moxibustion has a good therapeutic effect on OP patients of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type by increasing bone density,alleviating pain,and improving quality of life.The therapeutic mechanism may involve the regulation of bone metabolism levels in patients.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the rules of acupuncture and moxibustion prescription in the treatment of prostate cancer in the literature,in order to provide clinical references.Methods:Acupuncture prescriptions recorded in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System,Chinese Academy of Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine Folk Single Test Formula Database,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase and Cochrane Library were searched up from establishment of those database to July 1,2023.Data mining software was used to analyze the selection patterns of acupoints.Results:A total of 55 acupuncture prescriptions to treat prostate cancer were included,involving 56 acupoints.The high frequency acupoints include Guanyuan(CV4),Qihai(CV6),Shenshu(BL23),Tai-chong(LR3),Yinlingquan(SP9),and others.A total of 20 core acupoint combinations were obtained by association regularity analysis,with the most core combination was Qihai-Guanyuan.Conclusions:Through data mining of acupuncture and moxibustion points used in the treatment of prostate cancer in modern Chinese medicine,the matching regularities of acupoints were summarized.It was found that most of these points are located on the foot shaoyin kidney channel,foot jueyin liver channel,foot taiyang bladder channel,conception vessel,and foot taiyin spleen channel,indicating that prostate cancer is related to the kidney,bladder,liver,and spleen.The treatment primarily aims to tonify deficiencies,especially those of the spleen and kidney,aligning with the pathogenesis of original deficiency and insufficiency,and providing significant reference for the current treatment of prostate cancer.

Abstract:Postoperative swelling after knee arthroscopy can be categorized as"paralysis"in traditional Chinese medicine.Prof.WANG Shaoshan holds that after knee joint injury,the patient's limbs are forbidden to movement,coupled with the trauma caused by the surgical process,and therefore blood stasis and water dampness block the meridians and channels of the human body throughout the disease course.The disease mechanism mainly involves qi stagnation and blood stasis,internal accumulation of water dampness,qi deficiency and blood stasis,and deficiency of liver and kidneys.Prof.Wang's formula for treating postoperative swelling after knee arthroscopy is based on the modification of Wupi Wuteng Decoction(五皮五藤饮),which consists of six Chinese medicinals,namely,the Sangbaipi(Cortex Mori),Dongguapi(Exocarpium Benincasae),Mudanpi(Cortex Moutan),Fulingpi(Cutis Poriae),Rendongteng(Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae),and Qingfengteng(Caulis Sinomenii).Pi medicinals and Teng medicinals are applied in combination.Pi medicinals could work on the skin while the Teng medicinals unblock collaterals.They work together to remove the stasis and stagnation internally and externally.In clinical practice,the formula can be modified based on the specific type of swelling observed after knee arthroscopy.

Abstract:Recent studies have shown that there is a relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota imbalance and gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.Chinese medicinals can affect the gastrointestinal barrier,immune system and overall body metabolism by changing the composition and structure of gastrointestinal microbiota and endogenous metabolite level,thus playing an anti-tumor role.In addition,the intestinal microbiota work on components in Chinese medicinals and enhance the anti-tumor properties.Therefore,exploring the interaction between Chinese medicinals and gastrointestinal microbiota provides a new perspective for understanding the anti-tumor mechanism of Chinese medicinals.In this paper the relationship between intervention by Chinese medicinals on gastrointestinal microbiota and the development of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in recent years was reviewed so as to provide references for the future application of Chinese medicinals in the treatment of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.The references cite 54 research papers.

Abstract:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a chronic,progressive,and irreversible lung disease.Based on the theory of"stasis and toxicity",this paper takes neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)as the breakthrough point,discusses the role of NETs in the occurrence and development of PF from the aspects that NETs can contribute to angiogenesis,enhance coagulation,promote thrombosis,drive epithelial injury,stimulate fibroblast activation,and activate inflammatory responses,and summarizes the key pathogenesis of NETs in the theory of"stasis and toxicity"and explore the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of PF,with a prospect of providing novel insights for the prevention and treatment of PF.

Abstract:The six meridians qi transformation disorder includes the theory of"targetting the root causes","targetting the manifestation"and"targetting the medial qi".The six meridians qi transformation in Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases applies the theory of manifestation,root cause and medial qi to analyze the common state and changes of the six meridians and six qi diseases,so as to guide the clinical treatment.Insomnia is a common clinical sleep disorder,this paper explores the differentiation and treatment of insomnia from the perspective of manifestation,root cause and medial qi in six meridians qi transformation disorder,and expounds the physiological interaction and pathological interaction of manifestation,root cause and medial qi in six meridians qi transformation disorder.On this basis,it further analyzes the methods and prescription in the treatment of insomnia from the perspective of the six meridians qi transformation disorder,with a prospect of providing new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Abstract:Chronic renal failure is a syndrome characterized by turbidity and toxin retention,metabolic imbalance and dysfunction of various systems throughout the boby.The theory of qi circulation comes from Four Sages'Heart Source,with four dimensions as the pivot,emphasizing the cultivation of healthy middle-earth,the restoration of qi ascending and descending movement,the ascending of wood fire facial left,the descending of gold water on the right,as the circle of dragon and tiger,which plays an important role in the treatment of chronic renal failure.Based on the theory of"qi circulation",this paper discusses the significance of treating chronic renal failure from the spleen and stomach,and provides a new therapeutic idea for the clinical treatment of chronic renal failure by multi-method of strengthening the middle jiao,regulating the ascending and descending of qi,dispelling the evil and clearing the fu-organs,removing the water and reducing swelling.At the same time,this is also the embodiment of the concept of prevention of diseases and preventing changes in existing diseases.

Abstract:"Unity of form and spirit"is the core concept of traditional Chinese medicine,and it is also an important view of life advocated by traditional Chinese medicine.Form and spirit are inherently integrated,they depend on each other physiologically and impact each other pathologically.Qi is the communication between form and spirit,and the normal circulation of qi is an important condition for the unity of form and spirit.Anxiety state combined with enuresis is a state of physical and mental illness.The paper summarizes the core pathological changes of anxiety state combined with enuresis as the form fails to nourish the spirit,the disturbance of the spirit and qi,and spirit fails to regulate the form.This paper discusses the diagnosis and treatment of a case of anxiety state complicated with enuresis in children from the perspective of the unity of form and spirit,and puts forward the principle of tonifying the kidney and stopping the sequelae as the symptomatic principle,tonifying spleen and kidney to regulate Chong and Ren channels and tonifying qi and blood as the fundamental principle,which has remarkable curative effect,with a prospect of providing reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of such psychosomatic diseases.

Abstract:The detection rate of pulmonary nodules has been increasing annually,posing a severe challenge to public health.Early diagnosis and intervention have become critical in the clinical management.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has demonstrated advantages in delaying the progression of pulmonary nodules and alleviating patients' anxiety in the early intervention of pulmonary nodules.In traditional Chinese medicine,pulmonary nodules are classified into excess syndrome,deficiency syndrome,and com-bined deficiency and excess syndrome.Among them,common excess syndromes include phlegm and tur-bidity obstructing the lungs,blood stasis obstructing the pulmonary collaterals,and the intermingling of phlegm and blood stasis.Deficiency syndromes are primarily characterized by lung qi deficiency,lung qi and yin deficiency,lung-spleen qi deficiency,etc.Combined deficiency-excess syndromes include qi deficiency and phlegm stasis syndrome,qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,lung deficiency and phlegm stasis syndrome,etc.The patients' constitution is often characterized by phlegm-dampness,qi deficiency,yin deficiency and qi stagnation.Clinically,corresponding treatment strategies are selected based on the patients' syndrome type and constitution,following the principle of supporting the body's healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors,and good therapeutic effects have been achieved.External treatment methods such as acupoint application,bloodstabbing at the back-shu acupoints,and acupuncture therapy can contribute to enhancing clinical efficacy to some extent.However,current clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of TCM in treating pulmonary nodules remains insufficient.This paper collects relevant studies to compre-hensively explore TCM treatment approaches for pulmonary nodules from the perspectives of etiology,patho-genesis,syndrome differentiation,and constitutional characteristics,with a prospect of providing a scientific basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of pulmonary nodules.There are 83 references.

Abstract:Intrahepatic cholestasis is a common liver system disease.The imbalance of the bile acid-intestinal microbiota axis is closely related to the occurrence and development of intrahepatic cholestasis."Earth congestion and wood stagnation"is a pathological process in which the spleen earth is obstructed and counterattacks the liver wood,leading to the stagnation of liver wood.It plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis.Intestinal microecological disorder and bile acid metabolism disorder are important manifestations of"earth congestion and wood stagnation".This article explores the relationship among"earth congestion and wood stagnation",bile acid-intestinal microbiota axis imbalance,and intrahepatic cholestasis,and proposes that the bile acid-intestinal microbiota axis can be intervened based on the"earth congestion and wood stagnation"theory to prevent and treat intrahepatic cholestasis,which provides a new idea for the integrated prevention and treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis with traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Abstract:Stomach wind is caused by external wind entering the stomach,stomach heat generating wind or liver yang transforming into wind.It is characterized by deficiency of the spleen and stomach as the root cause and wind pathogen disturbing the stomach as the symptom.It presents as a syndrome of mixed deficiency and excess,mainly manifested as digestive tract symptoms such as upper abdominal distension and pain,diarrhea and constipation.Based on the theory of stomach wind,this paper holds that the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome is mainly due to external wind pathogen invasion or internal wind disturbance,which leads to damage of the stomach and its function and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal ascending and descending movements.In clinical treatment,wind medicinals are used in combination to achieve the effects of strengthening spleen and eliminating wind,moistening and dispersing wind,and dispersing liver to eliminate wind,in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the characteristics of the dominant population in the treatment of prostate cancer castration syndrome with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and observe the clinical efficacy of the Jianpi Yishen Formula(健脾益肾方).Methods:This study adopts a two-stage design.The first stage is a observational study.A total of 380 patients with prostate cancer castration syndrome were selected and treated with TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment for 4 weeks.The changes in the prostate cancer quality of life(FACT-P)score and the characteristics of TCM syndrome types of the patients before and after treatment were observed.According to the FACT-P scores before treatment,the patients were divided into three groups:Group(70,90],Group(90,110]and Group(110,130].The second stage is a randomized double-blind controlled trial.120 patients who met the characteristics of the dominant population for TCM treatment were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method,with 60 cases in each group.On the basis of castration treatment,the observation group was given the Jianpi Yishen Formula and the control group was given a placebo.The treatment course for both was 4 weeks.The FACT-P scores,TCM syndrome scores,and levels of testosterone and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)of the two groups of patients before and after treatment were observed and compared.Results:A total of 374 patients completed the study in the first stage.After treatment,the FACT-P scores of the 374 patients as a whole and in the(90,110]group increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the difference in the improvement range of FACT-P scores among the three groups was statistically significant(P＜0.01).The improvement range of the(90,110]group was higher than that of the other two groups(all P＜0.01).According to the analysis of TCM syndrome types,patients with deficiency of both spleen and kidney account for 46.0％,which is higher than that of other syndrome types.The second-stage study showed that the FACT-P scores of observation groups increased after treatment compared with those before treatment,and the observation group was higher than the control group(P＜0.05).The TCM syndrome score of the observation group was lower than that before treatment and was also lower than that of the control group after treatment(P＜0.05),and the therapeutic effect of TCM syndrome was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of testosterone and PSA between the two groups of patients compared with those before treatment(P＞0.05),and the castration levels were maintained.Conclusions:The FACT-P scores of patients with prostate cancer castration syndrome in the(90,110]range are the dominant population for TCM treatment,and spleen and kidney deficiency is the characteristic syndrome of TCM in this population.Jianpi Yishen Formula has a good therapeutic effect on prostate cancer castration syndrome.

Abstract:When the collateral vessels are normal,they flow smoothly;when they change,disease occurs;when the diseased collaterals arise,the collateral disease is formed.Malignant tumors are typical collateral diseases,featuring long-term persistence,blood stasis(pain),stubbornness and complexity in the clinical characteristics of collateral diseases.Obstruction of the collaterals,endogenous generation of cancer toxins,and deficiency of the collaterals are the basic collateral-related pathogenesis of malignant tumors,running through all stages of their growth and metastasis.Tumor neovascularization is similar to collaterals(collateral diseases)in structure,function and pathogenesis.The formation of the collateralsis is often related to hyperactivity of the collaterals,proliferation of diseased collaterals,tortuosity and disorder,stasis of the collaterals,deficiency of the collaterals and instability of the collateral qi.The therapeutic methods should have different focuses at different stages,such as eliminating pathogenic factors and detoxifying,calming hyperactivity and inhibiting the collaterals,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,dispersing stagnation and dredging the collateral,or tonifying qi and consolidating the collaterals,nourishing the collaterals.Based on the perspective of the theory of collateral diseases and in combination with modern oncology research,this paper explores the growth and metastasis mechanism of malignant tumors as well as the clinical strategies.It holds that both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine should be involved throughout the process to form a lasting synergy and jointly achieve the goals of reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy,improving the quality of life,and prolonging the survival period of patients.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the efficacy of Shenling Baizhu Decoction(参苓白术汤)combined with continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)in treating patients with sepsis of spleen deficiency and dampness-excess type accompanied by acute kidney injury(AKI).Methods:A total of 80 patients with sepsis of spleen deficiency and dampness-excess type accompanied by AKI were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group by using random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.Patients in the control group underwent CRRT,while the observation group was treated with Shenling Baizhu Decoction on the basis of the treatment of the control group.The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE-Ⅱ)score,sepsis-related organ failure assessment(SOFA)score,inflammatory indicators(white blood cells,neutrophils,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,procalcitonin),renal function indicators[urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr)],therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome,and 7-day and 28-day mortality rates were compared between the two groups.Results:The APACHE-Ⅱ,SOFA,inflammatory indicators and renal function indicators of both groups of patients decreased compared with those before treatment.Moreover,the levels of APACHE-Ⅱ,BUN and Scr in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The therapeutic effect of TCM syndromes in the observation group was better than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the 7-day and 28-day mortality rates between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Shenling Baizhu Decoction can significantly alleviate the condition of sepsis with AKI and promote the recovery of renal function,but it does not show obvious improvement in inflammatory levels and prognosis in a short period of time.