Abstract:Enlarged pores are a common dermatological and aesthetic concern.While they do not pose direct health risks,they significantly impact skin appearance and patients' psychological well-being.The core pathophysiological mechanisms primarily involve excessive sebum produc-tion,decreased skin elasticity around pores,and increased hair follicle volume.Clinical manifes-tations are influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors.Current mainstream detection methods include subjective assessment scales,imaging techniques(e.g.,VISIA® and Antera 3D ®),optical measurements(e.g.,OCT and RCM),and AI-based digital image analysis,each with distinct advantages and limitations.Future efforts should focus on advancing portable devices,deeper integration of artificial intelligence,and promoting personalized health management.This review summarizes recent advances in understanding enlarged pores and their detection technolo-gies,providing new insights to advance clinical studies and remote health management.

Abstract:HIV and sexually transmitted infections(STIs)are critical global public health is-sues.In resource-constrained settings,the accurate identification of high-risk populations is criti-cal for the effective prevention of HIV/STI transmission.As a pivotal subset of artificial intelli-gence,machine learning offers advanced capabilities in data processing and pattern recognition,providing novel approaches for risk assessment in HIV/STIs,and is an emerging focus of research in this field.This review summarizes recent advances in machine learning for assessing the risk of HIV/STI infections,with a focus on comparing the strengths and limitations of different algo-rithms.It provides an in-depth analysis of the main risk factors among various high-risk popula-tions and discusses the shortcomings and challenges of current research regarding sample represen-tativeness,model interpretability,and integration with intervention strategies.The aim is to pro-vide rational and practical guidance for future research.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between the severity of atopic dermatitis,and the composition and function of the skin microbiome.Methods A total of 130 patients with atopic dermatitis who were treated in our hospital from July 2021 to July 2024 were selected.The microbial specimens from the lesion-involved area were included in the observation group,while the specimens from the unaffected skin area of the flexor of the forearm served as the controls.The changes in microbial flora and α diversity were compared between the two groups.Additionally,the patients were divided into mild group(46 cases),moderate group(60 cases),and severe group(24 cases)based on the Atopic Dermatitis Score Index(SCORAD),and the α diversity of the skin microbial flora of the three groups was analyzed.The Pearson correlation was used to ana-lyze the correlation between the α diversity of the skin microbial flora and the severity of the atopic dermatitis.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)was used to predict the func-tional pathways of skin microorganisms.Results The observation group and the control group shared a total of 625 operational taxonomic units(OTUs).The observation group had a total of 987 OTUs,with 362 being unique,while the control group had a total of 686 OTUs,with 61 being unique.Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of the Pseudomonadales in the observation group was significantly lower(t=18.96,P＜0.05),while the relative abundance of the Bacillales was significantly higher(t=21.32,P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the ace index,chao index,and simpson index were higher,while the shannon index was lower in the observation group(P＜0.001).The ace index,chao index,and simpson index of the mild group were lower than those of the moderate group,while the shannon index was higher than that of the moderate group.The ace index,chao index,and simpson index of the moderate group were lower than those of the severe group,while the shannon index was higher than that of the severe group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the ace index,chao index,shannon index,and simpson index were significantly correlated with the severity of the disease(P＜0.05).KEGG pathway analysis showed that the skin microbial functional genes in patients with atopic dermatitis were mainly related to carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism.Conclusion The diversity of the skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis-involved area differs from that in the uninvolved skin area,and the changes in the skin microbiota are associated with the disease progression.

Abstract:We report two cases of refractory cutaneous warts successfully treated with a combi-nation of superficial radiotherapy and topical 5-fluorouracil cream.Case 1:a 13-year-old girl pres-ented with a 1-year history of periungual papules on both hands,exacerbated over the past 2 months.The patient had previously used multiple topical medications(tretinoin cream,imiquimod cream)and undergone liquid nitrogen cryotherapy,with poor response.Dermatological examina-tion revealed multiple verrucous,hyperkeratotic papules around the nails of both hands,some of which were confluent and fissured.Diagnosis:Refractory cutaneous warts.Patient 2,a 16-year-old boy presented with a papule on the left big toe for one year,which had worsened over the past three months.The patient had previously undergone multiple sessions of cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen and topical medications(salicylic acid patches,imiquimod cream),but with poor effica-cy.Dermatological examination revealed a yellow,verrucous,hyperkeratotic papule approximately 1 cm in diameter on the left big toe,with mild tenderness.Diagnosis:Refractory cutaneous warts.Both patients were treated with superficial X-ray radiotherapy(once weekly)combined with topi-cal 2.5％fluorouracil cream under occlusion once a night.After 4-week treatment,the warts in patient 1 were almost completely resolved,leaving only dark erythema and hyperpigmentation.Pa-tient 2 showed near-complete clearance after a 2-week treatment,with only residual dark erythema and hyperpigmentation.No recurrence was observed in either patient during a 3-month follow-up period.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of mod-erate to severe alopecia areata.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 21 patients with alopecia areata,including 11 moderate cases and 10 severe cases,who were treated at the De-partment of Dermatology,Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jiangmen City,between October 2021 and March 2025.Patients were treated with oral tofacitinib(5 mg twice daily),top-ical 5％minoxidil tincture,and halometasone cream for six months.Subsequently,other treat-ments were administered until tofacitinib was discontinued or its dose was reduced to≤5 mg dai-ly.Efficacy was assessed using the severity of alopecia tool(SALT)and compared between mod-erate and severe groups.Adverse reactions were observed at the same time.Results After 6 months,14 cases received combined treatment,including glucocorticoids,Chinese medicine,a la-ser at low energy level,microneedle therapy and platelet-rich plasma therapy.Combined glucocor-ticoid therapy was administered in six cases.The time to dose reduction and discontinuation was 2～6 months.ALT scores were significantly reduced from baseline to 3 months,6 months,and the end of treatment(values:51.19±20.96 at baseline,31.33±17.08 at 3 months,5.95±5.75 at 6 months,4.09±2.71 at end of treatment.t=10.92,10.65,and 9.77,respectively.P＜0.01 for all).The SALT scores were reduced from baseline by 42.68±12.22％at 3 months,86.76±7.52％at 6 months,and 92.24±4.34％at the end of treatment.The severe group ex-hibited a significantly lower rate of reduction in SALT scores at 3 months compared to the moderate group(Z=-2.01,P＜0.05).No significant intergroup differences were observed at the 6-month or end of the observation period.Treatment duration differed significantly between the groups,with a longer median duration in the severe group[9 months(IQR 8.5～14)]than in the moderate group[4 months(IQR 4～7)](Z=-3.34,P＜0.01).No serious adverse reac-tions were reported during treatment.Conclusions Tofacitinib is effective for moderate and se-vere alopecia areata and is well-tolerated.However,treatment response is slower in patients with severe alopecia areata,requiring a longer course of therapy.

Abstract:We report a case of post-traumatic tuberculosis verrucosa cutis.A 38-year-old man presented with a 20-year history of an annular plaque on the left buttock following a local trauma.Dermatological examination revealed an annular,infiltrated,dark red plaque with a raised border and central atrophic scar on the left buttock.Histopathological examination showed fibroplasia in the dermis and inflammatory granulomas with multinucleated giant cells.Acid-fast staining was negative.T-Spot test was positive.Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA PCR was negative.Diagnosis:tuberculosis verrucosa cutis.Following 6-month anti-tuberculosis therapy,the lesion healed with re-sidual scar and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.No recurrence was observed over 2 years of follow-up.

Abstract:Neutrophilic dermatoses(NDs)are a group of non-infectious inflammatory disorders characterized by aseptic neutrophilic infiltration.Pro-inflammatory cytokines,including IL-1 β,IL-17,and TNF-α,play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of these conditions.Although glucocorti-coids and immunosuppressive agents still serve as the primary treatment modalities,biologics and small molecule targeted therapies have become a major focus of recent research.This article re-views the recent advances in the application of such emerging drugs for the treatment of NDs,in-cluding the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of TNF-α inhibitors,IL-1 inhibitors,and other biologics.It also evaluates the level of evidence from relevant literature,aiming to provide a reference for the clinical management of refractory and recurrent neutrophilic dermatoses.

Abstract:Objective To understand the reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM)characteris-tics of pediatric pityriasis lichenoides chronica and its value in clinical practice.Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the RCM features of 41 pediatric patients with pityriasis lichenoides chronica at the Pediatric Dermatology Department of Tianjin Academy of TCM Affiliated Hospital and compared them with histopathological findings.Results Under RCM,the skin lesions showed mild hyperkeratosis(60.97％),parakeratosis(90.24％),and irregular highly refractive substance within the epidermis(14.63％,particularly in hypopigmented areas).Mild focal spon-giotic edema in the stratum spinosum was observed(97.56％),with some cases showing intra-ep-idermal vesicle formation(21.95％).The dermo-epidermal junction was indistinct(73.17％),and focal liquefactive degeneration of the basal layer was present(90.24％).In the superficial dermis,various degrees of perivascular infiltration of melanophages(90.24％)and inflammatory cells(100％)were observed.Extravasated erythrocytes around superficial blood vessels were also seen in purpuric lesions(24.39％).The frequency of focal liquefaction degeneration of the basal cell layer varied significantly with different skin lesions(P＜0.05),with hypopigmentation＞ery-thematous papules with scaling＞purpuric lesions.The common findings,including the positive rates of hyperkeratosis,parakeratosis,and erythrocyte extravasation,were comparable between RCM and histopathological results(P＞0.05).However,the focal acantholysis,liquefaction de-generation of basal cells and intraepidermal blisters in RCM were more common than those in his-topathological examination(P＜0.05).Focal liquefaction degeneration of the basal cell layer was an important distinguishing feature under RCM compared to other diseases.Conclusions Under RCM,childhood pityriasis lichenoides chronica exhibits specific features,some of which have higher detection rates than those of histopathology.RCM can provide a basis for the clinical differ-ential diagnosis of this condition.

Abstract:Dermatology and venereology education plays a pivotal role in the modern medical education system.In the process of exploring standardized residency training for dermatology,we face numerous challenges,such as the lack of independent dermatopathology labs in some training institutes,limited hands-on opportunities for trainees,and insufficient feedback during the learn-ing process.To address these issues,this study proposes an innovative teaching model:multimo-dal image reading combined with the WeChat platform.This model integrates clinical skin lesion observation,dermoscopic image analysis,and dermatopathological interpretation to build a com-prehensive multimodal reading system.At the same time,it leverages the convenience and effi-ciency of the WeChat platform to share educational resources and facilitate learning exchanges.By detailing the design and implementation process of this teaching model,the paper provides a prac-tical framework and operational insights for peers,aiming to cultivate dermatology professionals with solid diagnostic skills and strong clinical reasoning.

Abstract:A case of statin-induced immune necrotizing myopathy with negative autoantibodies is reported.A 67-year-old female presented with generalized weakness and limb muscle soreness for 3 months,with worsening symptoms over the past month.She had been taking statins orally for lipid-lowering therapy for 10 years.Skin examination revealed no skin lesions throughout the body.Patient had difficulty to squat and stand up,without muscle atrophy in the limbs.Muscle strength was grade Ⅳ,and there was mild tenderness upon palpation of the upper limbs and thigh muscles.Laboratory tests showed an ESR of 34 mm/h,AMA-M2(WB)strongly positive(+++),CK level of 530 U/L,CK-MB level of 830 U/L,and negative for anti-signal recognition particle antibody,anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase antibody,and dermatomyositis-specific anti-MDA5.LDH was normal.Electromyography showed myogenic damage in the biceps brachii and anterior tibial muscles.Biopsy of the biceps brachii revealed mild muscle degeneration,with no inflammatory cell infiltration.Magnetic resonance imaging of the limbs showed no abnormali-ties.Clinical diagnosis was seronegative immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy.After systematic treatment with glucocorticoids and mycophenolate mofetil,muscle pain and weakness resolved,and the laboratory test indicators improved significantly.After one year of maintenance therapy,there has been no recurrence to date.

Abstract:Objective To explore the risk factors for oral infections after dental implant resto-ration in patients with syphilis serofast reaction.Methods A total of 121 patients with syphilis serofast reaction(132 implant sites)who underwent dental implant restoration in the Department of Stomatology,Southern Theater Command General Hospital from March 2019 to December 2024 were enrolled in the study group.Another 121 non-serofast syphilis patients(138 implant sites)who received implant restoration during the same period served as the control group.Basic clinical data and oral infection rates were compared between these two groups.The study group was further divided into a non-infection subgroup(n=106)and an oral infection subgroup(n=15)based on the presence of oral infections.Differences in basic clinical data,characteristics of dentition de-fects,and implant restoration features were compared between the two subgroups.Changes in sali-vary inflammatory factor levels before implantation and 1 week after implantation were also ana-lyzed.Univariate logistic regression analysis,collinearity test,and multivariate linear regression a-nalysis were used to identify factors influencing post-implant oral infections in patients with syphilis serofast reaction.Results After implant restoration,the infection rate was significantly higher in the study group than in the controls[15/121 cases(12.4％)vs.6/121 cases(5％),x2=4.22,P＜0.05].A total of 22 pathogenic strains were detected in the 15 infected patients of the study group,including 14 anaerobic bacteria(63.6％),3 Porphyromonas gingivalis(13.7％),and 5 oral streptococci(22.7％).Compared with the non-infection subgroup,the oral infection subgroup had higher proportion of patients with a history of smoking,diabetes mellitus,multiple tooth loss,previous periodontal disease,and implant restoration duration ≥1 hour(all P＜0.05).One week after implantation,the levels of CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α in both the oral infection group and the non-infection group were significantly higher than before treatment.Moreover,the levels of CRP,IL-6,and TNF-α in the oral infection group were higher than those in the non-infection group(P＜0.05).Univariate logistic regression,collinearity test,and multivariate linear regression an-alyses showed that a history of diabetes mellitus,and CRP and IL-6 levels one week after implan-tation were independent risk factors for post-implant oral infections in patients with syphilis serofast reaction(P＜0.05).Conclusions In patients with syphilis serofast reaction undergoing dental implant restoration,postoperative oral infections are predominantly caused by anaerobic bacteria.A history of diabetes and elevated levels of inflammatory markers after surgery are independent risk factors for infections following dental implantation.

Abstract:Atopic dermatitis(AD),a chronic inflammatory skin disease,has been widely rec-ognized to exhibit significant associations with various mental health disorders.Epidemiological ev-idence indicates that AD patients face substantially increased risks of psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety,depression,suicidal tendencies,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),sleep disturbances,autism spectrum disorder,and cognitive impairment.These associations are influenced by multiple factors,including genetic predisposition,individual characteristics,AD se-verity,and adverse lifestyle habits.The underlying mechanisms primarily involve bidirectional in-teractions of the"brain-skin axis"(encompassing neuroendocrine regulation,hypothalamic-pitui-tary-adrenal axis,and sympathetic nervous system),neuroimmune inflammation,and genetic reg-ulation.Medications that effectively control the symptoms of atopic dermatitis(such as biologics)often improve associated psychiatric comorbidities,while interventions targeting mental health symptoms can also alleviate AD symptoms.Therefore,clinicians should fully recognize and screen for psychiatric comorbidities in patients with AD,and adopt an integrated management strategy that combines dermatological treatment with psychological interventions.Future research should aim to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms to optimize therapeutic approaches.This article reviews the epidemiology,influencing factors,pathogenesis,and therapeutic progress related to the psychiatric comorbidities of atopic dermatitis.

Abstract:Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose fractionated radiotherapy for the postoperative treatment of keloids.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 32 patients(48 lesions)with keloids who received treatment at our institution from January 2020 to June 2023.All patients received radiotherapy using 6 MV energy within 24 h after surgical exci-sion,with a source-to-skin distance of 100 cm.Based on different fractionation regimens,patients were divided into two groups:the high-dose group[16 patients with 24 lesions received a total dose of 20 Gy,delivered as 5 Gy per fraction over 4 fractions(20Gy/5Gy/4F)]and the conven-tional-dose group[16 patients with 24 lesions received a total dose of 20 Gy,delivered as 2 Gy per fraction over 10 fractions(20Gy/2Gy/10F)].Treatment outcomes were evaluated using the Darzi keloid efficacy criteria and classified into effective and ineffective categories.The treatment efficacy,adverse reactions,and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups.Results All patients completed the treatment as planned.At the 12-month follow-up,the response rate of the high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the conventional-dose group(91.67％vs.66.67％,x2=4.55,P=0.033).In contrast,the recurrence rate was lower in the high-dose group than in the standard-dose group(8.33％vs.33.33％,P=0.033).There was no signifi-cant difference between the two groups in the incidence of acute radiation reactions(P＞0.05).Additionally,no late adverse effects such as skin atrophy or fibrosis were observed in either group during the follow-up period.Conclusions The high-dose fractionation regimen of 20Gy/5Gy/4 fractions offers superior local control compared to the conventional dose fractionation regimen of 20Gy/2Gy/10 fractions,without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.Therefore,it may be considered a preferred treatment option in clinical practice.

Abstract:Chlamydia trachomatis infection has become a major global public health concern.Pgp3,a virulence protein encoded by a cryptic plasmid,features a highly conserved trimeric struc-ture and plays a pivotal role in C.trachomatis pathogenesis by neutralizing the antimicrobial pep-tide LL-37 and activating the TNFR1 signaling pathway.As an immunodominant protein,Pgp3-based serological assays(ELISA/MBA/LISA)demonstrate significantly superior performance compared to traditional MOMP detection.Pgp3 antibodies persist for over 12 years,making them ideal markers for assessing past infections.Furthermore,Pgp3 seropositivity is significantly associ-ated with tubal infertility(aOR=2.6)and pelvic inflammatory disease(PR=2.0),highlighting its potential for predicting deep-tissue infections.This review systematically analyzes the structure of the Pgp3 protein,its pathogenic mechanisms,and the application of its antibodies in evaluating past infections and predicting deep infections,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for prog-nostic evaluation of C.trachomatis infections.

Abstract:We report a case of pretibial myxedema.A 66-year-old man presented with skin in-duration on the anterior tibia of both lower limbs for 3 years.Dermatological examination showed non-pitting,edematous plaques on the anterior,middle and lower tibia of the lower leg and the dorsal feet.The skin was indurated,significantly thickened,and reduced elasticity.Histopatho-logical examination of skin lesions revealed chronic inflammation with edema and abundant mucin deposition between collagen fibers in the dermis.AB-PAS staining was positive.The patient was diagnosed with pretibial myxedema.The patient was treated with intralesional injections of glu-cocorticoids.At the 3-month follow-up,the induration and edema of the anterior tibial skin on both lower limbs had significantly improved.

Abstract:Objective To compare the differences in skin microbial composition and diversity between patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy individuals,to provide clues for understanding the microbe-related molecular mechanisms of AD.Methods Skin samples were collected from 81 patients with atopic dermatitis(AD group)and 63 healthy individuals(control group).DNA was extracted using the CTAB method,followed by 16S rDNA sequencing.Differences in skin micro-biota were analyzed using alpha diversity,beta diversity,and principal coordinates analysis(PCoA).The composition of the skin microbiota was examined at the phylum and genus levels,and heatmaps were generated for the top 30 most abundant bacteria at both levels.Results There were differences in the microbiome between the control group and the AD group.Compared with the control group,the AD group showed increased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Staphylo-coccus,while Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,Rhodococcus,and Lactobacillus showed decreased relative abundance.Conclusions There are significant differences in the skin microbiota between patients with AD and healthy individuals.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of microbial dysbiosis,paving the way for targeted therapeutic interventions for AD.

Abstract:We report a case of neonatal incontinentia pigmenti(IP).Genetic testing of the IKBKG gene was performed using whole-exome sequencing(WES),multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification(MLPA),and long-range PCR.A literature review was conducted to explore the genetic mechanisms,diagnostic strategies,and recent advances in the treatment of IP.A fe-male neonate was admitted 50 minutes after birth due to generalized skin rashes.Widespread ery-thema,vesicles,and crusted lesions were observed after birth.Dermatological examination showed scattered erythema,vesicles,and pigmented macules on the extremities and trunk,distributed a-long the Blaschko's lines.Laboratory tests indicated an elevated eosinophil ratio(13.4％).Ge-netic testing identified a heterozygous deletion of exons 4～10 in the IKBKG gene,confirming the diagnosis of neonatal IP.Neither parent carried deletions or duplications in the IKBKG gene,sug-gesting a sporadic case of IP.Following skin care and multidisciplinary management,the patient's lesions improved and she was discharged.At 6-month follow-up,no skin rash or systemic com-plications were observed.

Abstract:As the most common malignant skin tumor,the incidence of basal cell carcinoma(BCC)is rising with population aging.Although most cases are localized,a small number may in-filtrate or metastasize,making early diagnosis and treatment crucial.This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of cutaneous BCC,highlighting the characteristics and latest develop-ments of various therapeutic approaches.These include Mohs micrographic surgery,photodynamic therapy,cryotherapy,topical medications such as imiquimod,5-fluorouracil(5-FU),ingenol mebutate(IM),radiotherapy,laser therapy,targeted drug therapies such as Hedgehog pathway inhibitors(HPI),and programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)inhibitors.Emerging treatments such as oncolytic peptides and small interfering RNA(siRNA)drugs are also discussed.The article emphasizes the importance of tailoring treatment strategies based on BCC risk levels and suggests that future therapies will focus more on technological innovation and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of recombinant collagen 17 spray on male andro-genic alopecia.Methods From September 2024 to December 2024,30 men with androgenic alo-pecia were treated with recombinant collagen 17 spray twice daily at the dermatology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology.After 12 weeks of treatment,hair growth and adverse reactions were observed.Results After 12 weeks,the ap-pearance of patients' hair improved.The average hair density was increased from 33.26±4.25 hairs/0.46 cm2 to 42.27±4.93 hairs/0.46 cm2,and the average hair diameter was from 50.20±4.91 μm to 57.93±3.96 μm(t=5.53 and 4.78,respectively;P＜0.05 for both).According to patients' self-assessments,73.33％reported moderate improvement in hair loss after treat-ment,3.33％reported significant improvement,resulting in a total effective rate of 76.67％.No serious adverse reactions occurred in any patient.Conclusion Recombinant collagen 17 spray can improve androgenic alopecia and promote hair growth.

Abstract:Pruritus is the most common symptom of skin diseases and frequently occurs in the elderly.It significantly affects patients' quality of life and poses challenges for nursing care.There is an urgent need for high-quality standardized documents to provide guidance for clinical nursing practice.Dermatological nursing experts from the Guangdong Nursing Association develop the"Expert Consensus on the Nursing Care of Chronic Pruritus in the Elderly"based on evidence from evidence-based medicine.This consensus outlines the fundamental principles of care for eld-erly patients with chronic pruritus,including pruritus assessment,environmental management,le-sion care,medication-related nursing,physical therapy care,traditional Chinese medicine exter-nal treatment care,and health guidance,in order to promote standardized and consistent nursing practices,improve the quality of pruritus care,and alleviate symptoms for elderly patients.