Abstract:Objective To investigate the root and root canal morphology of mandibular first premolars(MnFPs)using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods The CBCT images of 792 MnFPs from 396 patients were reviewed.For each tooth,the number of roots,root canal configurations(Vertucci classification;C-shaped canals reported separately),the position of root canal bifurcation(coronal,middle,or apical third),and the location of radicular grooves were recorded.The differences in root canal configurations between different genders were compared.The symmetry of root canal configurations of left and right teeth and the relationship between the incidence of radicular grooves and root canal configurations were analyzed.Results Among 792 MnFPs,5 teeth had two roots,226 teeth exhibited complex root canal configurations(Vertucci type Ⅱ:n=2;type Ⅲ:n=63;type Ⅴ:n=105;other types:n=7;C-shaped canals:n=49).Among single-rooted teeth with complex root canal configurations,80.54％had canal bifurcations in the middle third of the root.219 single-rooted teeth had radicular grooves,and 97.72％of the radicular grooves were located on the mesial surface or mesial-lingual side of the root.Complex canal configurations were more frequent in males than females(P<0.05).The symmetry rate of root canal configuration of left and right teeth was 88.35％.The prevalence of radicular grooves was related to root canal configurations.Radicular grooves were more prevalent in teeth with complex root canal than in single root canal teeth(P<0.05).Conclusion The morphology of the root and root canal of MnFPs show morphological diversity with substantial bilateral symmetry.Complex canal configurations are more common in males and are associated with radicular grooves.These findings can inform endodontic access design and improve treatment success.

Abstract:Objective To compare the postoperative outcomes between Er:YAG laser and conventional surgical treatment in lip ligament revision,and to investigate the clinical effect of Er:YAG laser treatment.Methods Thirty children(2021 to 2024)requiring upper labial frenectomy were randomly assigned to either an Er:YAG laser group or a traditional scalpel group.Postoperative parameters-including operation time,intraoperative bleeding,visual analog scale(VAS)pain scores,wound healing time,and complications-were compared.Tooth alignment and midline diastema reduction were evaluated at 6-month follow-up.Results The Er:YAG laser group showed a significantly shorter operation time(13.11±2.07 min vs 18.25±1.53 min,P<0.05)and less intraoperative bleeding(0.30±0.51 mL vs 1.35±1.36 mL,P<0.05).VAS pain scores at 2 h,1 d,and 3 d post-operation were consistently lower in the laser group(P<0.05).Wound healing was faster(10.53±2.38 d vs 13.27±1.88 d,P<0.05),and complications were less frequent(6.67%vs 40%,P<0.05).At 6 months,the laser group showed greater reduction in midline diastema and better tooth alignment(P<0.05).Conclusion Er:YAG laser has significant advantages in upper labial tie revision in replacement teeth children,which can effectively shorten the operation time,reduce intraoperative bleeding,alleviate early postoperative pain,promote rapid healing of wounds,reduce the incidence of complications,and have better results in improving tooth alignment and reducing the gap,providing a better quality treatment option for the oral health of replacement teeth children.

Abstract:Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the shared genes and associated molecular mechanisms between periodontitis and SLE by bioinformatics.Methods The periodontitis dataset(GSE16134 and GSE23586)and SLE dataset(GSE50772)were downloaded from the GEO database;the gene modules with the highest scores associated with periodontitis and SLE were screened by WGCNA,respectively,and the two were intersected to obtain co-expressed genes;the co-expressed genes were analyzed by KEGG and GO enrichment analyses;PPI networks were constructed and key genes were further screened using Cytohubba and MCODE plug-ins of Cytoscape software;external datasets GSE10334 and GSE20864 were used for further validation.Results 65 co-expressed genes between periodontitis and SLE were obtained by taking intersections;KEGG enrichment analysis showed results mainly related to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxic effects and bacterial invasion;GO enrichment analysis mainly focused on activation of multiple immune cells,interleukin 17 and TNF-α production;PPI network construction yielded five key genes(CD48,ITGB2,LAPTM5,ARHGDIB and LCP1).Conclusion The results suggest that the potential shared immune-inflammatory mechanism of periodontitis and SLE is mainly related to immune cells and cytokines(interleukin-17 and tumour necrosis factor),and CD48,ITGB2,LAPTM5,ARHGDIB and LCP1 may be important associated genes between periodontitis and SLE.

Abstract:Objective A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the intervention effect of plaque observer assisted by individualized oral hygiene education on plaque control for patients with periodontal disease.Methods A total of 60 patients who met the inclusion exclusion criteria were consecutively included in the study from July 1,2023 to March 31,2024.These patients were evenly divided into two groups using a computer-generated randomization process.The experimental group(n=30)received personalized oral hygiene education supported by plaque disclosing agents,while the control group(n=30)underwent traditional oral hygiene education.The differences in periodontal clinical indicators(gingival bleeding index,plaque index,periodontal probing depth,gingival index)and clinical compliance scales(oral hygiene index,punctuality of follow-up visits,oral hygiene behavior)between the two groups were compared at the period before supragingival scaling(T0),before subgingival scaling(T1),3 months after scaling(T2),and 6 months after scaling(T3).Results The periodontal index and adherence scale of the patients in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Plaque observers assisted by individualized oral hygiene education can effectively improve the plaque control ability and treatment compliance of patients with periodontal disease,and improve the effect of periodontal treatment.

Abstract:Extraradicular infections are caused by pathogens that are free or exist in the form of biofilms outside the apical foramen,and often considered the etiology of the long-term periapical lesions,which are closely related to the failure of endodontic treatment.Extraradicular infections mostly originated from intracanal infections,and can also be independent of intracanal infections.There are significant limitations to the current endodontic instruments,materials,and medications in the control of extraradicular infections,making it difficult for them to reach the infection area and take effects.The formation of extraradicular biofilms provides a protective barrier for bacteria,making them highly tolerant to conventional intracanal antibacterial drugs and disinfection measures,and increasing the difficulty of infection control.Current treatments of extraradicular infections are mainly focused on surgical interventions,while in recent years,nonsurgical endodontic treatment measures have attracted increasing attention and demonstrated unique advantages.The aim of this paper is to elaborate nonsurgical strategies to control extraradicular infections,including increasing the terminal working width,strengthening the apical irrigation,prolonging the time of intracanal medication,enlarging the diameter of apical foramen,etc.,and to analyze the effectiveness and applicability of these strategies,with a view to providing reference for clinical practice and new ideas for improving the treatment effect of extraradicular infections.

Abstract:Individual Dental Diseases is a main discipline of dentistry that integrates oral basic medicine,oral clinical medicine,and oral auxiliary medicine.It focuses on teaching the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and treatment of individual dental diseases,centering on"disease diagnosis and treatment".There are three major problems in this course,such as a tangled curriculum burdened with redundant,poorly-linked knowledge points,a mismatch between modern pedagogical ideals and traditional teaching methods,and a lack of objectivity and fairness in evaluating teaching effectiveness.To solve these problems,our team has re-designed the course guided by the advanced-innovative-demanding benchmarks and inspired by the new medical education ethos.Taking"disease"as the organizing principle,we restructured the content into modular units that streamline and integrate knowledge.A multi-instructor,dual-facilitator model and a blended online-offline system were introduced,and curriculum-based ideological and political education were integrated into disciplinary teaching.A multi-dimensional,interactive assessment framework ensures traceable processes,quantifiable outcomes and visible value formation.The result is a synergistic advance in value cultivation,knowledge transmission and competence development-enabling students to learn effectively,apply proficiently and think critically.

Abstract:With the continuous evolution of undergraduate education concepts,the integration of ideological and political education into application-oriented undergraduate teaching has become increasingly significant.The"Periodontology"teaching team at Jining Medical University,Department of Stomatology has explored pathways and practices for curriculum-based ideological and political development,constructing a"Four Dimensions,Five Elements,One Core"educational system.By deeply excavating the ideological and political connotations within"Periodontology",we designed strategies to integrate teaching objectives with ideological-political elements and adopted innovative pedagogical models to stimulate students'interest in the subject.The study incorporated ideological-political assessments into the evaluation system and analyzed outcomes through scale-based metrics.Results revealed significant differences in students'professional values and satisfaction with ideological-political integration across cohorts.Teaching reforms effectively enhanced students'professional identity,critical thinking and teamwork skills.The research demonstrates that the collaborative design of"implicit ideological education"and discipline-specific teaching can advance the comprehensive competency development of application-oriented professionals,providing practical insights for similar curriculum development.

Abstract:The digital transformation of education has made the integration of digital and intelligent technologies an inevitable trend in reforming oral medical education.This paper explores specific measures for enhancing the quality and efficiency of oral medical talent cultivation,centering on competency development,through four key dimensions:evolving training objectives,restructuring the curriculum,innovating teaching models and methods,and reforming the evaluation system.It further describes the current state of digital-intelligent technology-enabled educational reform in oral medicine across Chinese higher education institutions and presents the practical experiences from our own institution.Furthermore,by examining common challenges in the broader educational digital transformation process,this paper identifies analogous difficulties within oral medicine education reform.To address these issues,strategies are proposed,including strengthening foundational infrastructure,promoting resource integration and sharing,and enhancing faculty's digital literacy.These strategies aim to systematically advance the high-quality development of oral medicine education and cultivate interdisciplinary oral healthcare professionals equipped to meet the demands of the artificial intelligence era.

Abstract:Due to its unique geographical environment and uneven distribution of medical resources,standardized training for oral resident physicians in the Tibetan Plateau region faces distinctive challenges.This paper systematically analyzes the existing issues in oral residency training in the Tibetan Plateau,including inadequate overall planning,insufficient teaching resources,weak foundational knowledge among trainees,and poor training conditions,while proposing targeted solutions.By adopting multidimensional assessment,a co-mentorship system between instructors and trainees,the establishment of a high-quality plateau case database,tiered teaching approaches,and the introduction of case-based learning methods,an oral residency training system tailored to the needs of the plateau region can be gradually developed.Practical results demonstrate that reforms in teaching models significantly enhance trainees'clinical reasoning and operational skills,with policy support and instructor training serving as the cornerstone for long-term educational quality.Based on literature analysis and practical experience,this paper provides insights for oral medical education in plateau regions.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of new bioactive materials as a direct pulp capping agent in treating adults'reversible pulpitis.Methods A randomized controlled clinical research was done from January 2023 to September 2024 and patients with carious reversible pulpitis of permanent molars were taken as the research samples in the Department of Endodontics at our institution.The patients were randomly allocated to the TheraCal LC group(experimental group)and the iRoot BP Plus group(control group),which were treated with TheraCal LC or iRoot BP Plus respectively for direct pulp capping treatment.Review the patients at 3 months,6 months,and 12 months postoperatively,and compare the success rates of treatment,incidences of adverse reactions and intraoperative operation times between the two groups were also compared.Results 65 subjects were included in the experiment,including 34 in TheraCal LC group and 31 in iRoot BP Plus group.There was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups at 3 months,6 months and 12 months after treatment(P>0.05);the incidence of adverse effects was not statistically different between the two groups(P>0.05);The operation time in TheraCal LC group was was less than that of the iRoot BP Plus group(P<0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of adult first permanent molars with carious pulp exposure,iRoot BP Plus and TheraCal LC have positive clinical impact,and TheraCal LC is more cost-effective and time-efficient.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application of informatization list in dental outpatient nursing handover.Methods A total Twenty-five nursing staffwho were on duty from October 1,2023,to March 31,2024,were selected to use the night shift handover checklist for three months.The effectiveness of nursing handover,the incidence of nursing adverse events,and the satisfaction of doctors with nursing handover were compared between the period before implementation and the period after implementation.Results After using the the information list for shift handover the evaluation of nursing handover effectiveness,the incidence of common adverse events in oral outpatient clinics,and the satisfaction of doctors with nursing handover all showed significant improvement compared to the period before implementation(P＜0.05).Conclusion The Implementing a checklist-based nursing night shift handover form is of great significance for the handover process in oral outpatient clinics and deserves continuous application and improvement in practice.

Abstract:Objective Pulp revascularization is a therapy of regenerative endodontic procedures.However,the lack of suitable teaching and training models has hindered the widespread promotion and adoption of pulp revascularization.This study aims to develop a novel model and evaluate its effectiveness in the preclinical training of pulp revascularization.Methods The external and root canal anatomical data of the mandibular first premolars intended for pulp revascularization were obtained through 3D scanning technology and CBCT.The pulp revascularization model was designed and constructed for pulp revascularization teaching and preclinical training.Forty full-time fifth-year undergraduate dental students from West China School of Stomatology,Sichuan University participated in the preclinical course and randomly divided into control group and experimental group.Traditional teaching method(control group)or endodontic revascularization model assisted teaching method(experimental group)were adopted,respectively.The teaching effectiveness of the pulp revascularization model was investigated through practical examinations and student feedback questionnaires.Results The pulp revascularization model designed and constructed in this study successfully reproduced the root canal and periapical anatomical features of young permanent teeth,allowing for the implementation of clinical procedures of pulp revascularization.The operational evaluation demonstrated that the introduction of pulp revascularization models significantly improved performance across all steps of pulp revascularization.The average score of experimental group(7.69±0.51)was notably higher than that of the control group(4.91±0.66)(P<0.001).Survey responses indicated that more than 90%of students believed that the application of the pulp revascularization model had a positive impact on their mastery of theoretical knowledge,enhancement of operational skills.Conclusion The integration of 3D-printed pulp revascularization models into the preclinical training of pulp revascularization has achieved good teaching effect,and is worth further extension.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of a localized drug delivery method using a dental arch splint in the treatment of gingival lesions in patients with oral lichen planus(OLP).Methods 60 OLP patients with gingival lesions were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups(n=30 each)according to a random number table method.Both groups received triamcinolone acetonide ointment,with experimental group using the dental arch splint for localized drug delivery and control group applying the ointment via traditional cotton swab application.Outcomes,including oral mucosal lesion severity,pain intensity,clinical efficacy rate,and medication compliance,were evaluated.Results One month after treatment,the oral mucosal damage scores of patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group,with statistical analysis showing a significant difference between groups(P<0.05);in terms of pain symptom improvement,the decrease in scores for the experimental group was more pronounced compared to the control group(P<0.05);from the perspective of clinical efficacy evaluation,the effective treatment rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);additionally,patients in the experimental group also showed significantly better medication adherence compared to the control population(P<0.05).Conclusion This study confirmed that the topical administration of oral leukoplakia by dental arch was significantly has significant clinical advantages and worthy of promotion and application.

Abstract:This study assembled a high-quality and structurally stable teaching team,primarily consisting of core faculty with support from early and mid-career teachers.By implementing a student-centered BOPPPS instructional model and establishing clear institutional guidelines,the team refined all aspects of the BOPPPS process through teaching seminars,collaborative lesson planning,and other initiatives.Additionally,a formative,diversified,and cumulative course evaluation system was developed to assess the feasibility of applying this teaching model in dental education.Randomized controlled experiments were conducted to compare the final grades of students and students'satisfaction with teaching and self-learning effects in the same course at different grades with the traditional teaching mode and the BOPPPS teaching mode.The results showed that the average scores of the students who received the BOPPPS teaching method was significantly higher than that of the traditional teaching group,indicating that the BOPPPS teaching model is suitable for widespread promotion.

Abstract:This study examines the theoretical foundations,instructional design models,and implementation strategies of the flipped classroom approach.In response to the unique demands and inherent challenges in dental education,a tailored flipped classroom framework is proposed,with the aim of enhancing students'clinical reasoning and practical skills.Flipped classroom,as a new teaching model,brings significant changes to both lectures and homework compared to traditional teaching.It offers many notable advantages,enhancing interaction and communication between educators and students while promoting students'enthusiasm and initiative in learning.The flipped classroom utilizes class time for applying knowledge and developing critical thinking,rather than passive lecturing.Gradually,it has evolved into a favored educational method among learners and educators alike,particularly advantageous in medical education.Increasing educational research indicates that this approach enhances teaching effectiveness and knowledge retention.

Abstract:Dentin hypersensitivity(DH)is a prevalent clinical condition in dentistry,primarily attributed to abnormal neurosensory conduction mediated by the hydrodynamic theory.External stimuli acting on exposed dentin tubules(DTs)can elicit transient yet sharp pain.Current treatments mainly aim to alleviate symptoms by regulating dentinal fluid flow through desensitizing agents.However,conventional desensitization methods often suffer from insufficient sealing efficacy and limited durability.Biomimetic remineralizing materials have emerged as promising alternatives due to their sustained occlusion capability and structural similarity to natural dentin.Recent advances in nanotechnology and material science have driven the evolution of traditional remineralization systems toward enhanced permeability and bioadhesiveness.In addition,photothermal-responsive composite materials with both remineralizing and therapeutic functions have been developed.Notably,self-assembling hydrogels have shown great potential in precisely sealing DTs,representing a cutting-edge approach for future desensitization therapies.This review summarizes recent progress in hydrodynamics-regulated biomimetic mineralization strategies for DH management,aiming to inform clinical translation and therapeutic innovation.

Abstract:Digital healthcare presentation refers to the process of visualizing and intelligently displaying medical information and data through digital technology.Represented by three-dimensional wearable display devices,digital presentation technology not only meets the urgent need of medical staff for centralized display of multi-channel display information,facilitating the four-handed cooperation among medical staff,but also is applicable to various new clinical technology application scenarios,which is continuously driving the field of endodontic treatment towards precision,intelligence,and efficiency.This paper takes three-dimensional wearable display devices as an example and reviews their developmental history,technical route selection,and applications in endodontic treatment.

Abstract:Objective To compare the 3-year clinical performance efficacy of E.MAX Press ceramic inlays and E.MAX CAD/CAM chairside immediate ceramic inlays for posterior tooth restoration.Methods A total of 454 restorations were replaced in 375 patients,including 298 E.MAX Press inlays(246 patients)(124 vital teeth,174 non-vital teeth;69 premolars,229 molars;106 inlays,192 onlays)and 156 E.MAX CAD/CAM inlays(129 patients)(84 vital teeth,72 non-vital teeth;35 premolars,121 molars;58 inlays,98 onlays).Clinical outcomes,including restoration loss,restoration fracture,pulpal complications,abutment tooth fracture,secondary caries,and food impaction,were evaluated according to the revised United States Public Health Service(USPHS)criteria.Failure rates between two groups were compared using the Chisquare test after 3 years of follow-up.Results The overall failure rates did not differ significantly between E.MAX Press ceramic inlays and CAD/CAM chairside immediate ceramic inlays(P＞0.05).Within the E.MAX Press group,no significant differenceswere observed between premolars and molars(P＞0.05),but significant differences were found between non-vital teeth and vital teeth(P＜0.05).In the CAD/CAM group,there were no significant differences between premolars and molars or between non-vital teeth and vital teeth(P＞0.05).Comparisons of the two materials within each subgroup(vital,non-vital,premolar,molar)also showed no significant differences(P＞0.05).Conclusion Both E.MAX Press and E.MAX CAD/CAM inlays demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes during short-term(3-year)clinical observation.However,E.MAX Press inlays placed on root canal treated teeth showed a relatively higher incidence of tooth fracture,underscoring the need for further prospective clinical studies.

Abstract:Clinical practice and education in operative and endodontics dentistryhave long been constrained by two-dimensional imaging and conventional training materials,making it difficult to accurately cope with scenarios such as calcified canals,complex anatomy,and curved root canals.3D printing,as an additive manufacturing technology,enables high-precision reproduction of complex structures through digital workflows.This review systematically outlines the principles and workflows of 3D printing in this field,summarizes mainstream printing technologies and material properties,and categorizes application formats including modular models,anatomy-specific replicas,transparent and magnified models,and patient-specific surgical guides.In terms of education,3D printing enables standardized,repeatable,and quantifiable training;enhances anatomical understanding and procedural accuracy;supports objective assessment;and strengthens students'clinical confidence.Clinically,patient-specific models and guided endodontics are employed for calcified canal localization,post removal,and apical microsurgery,demonstrating submillimeter accuracy,reduced chairside time,and a lower risk of complications.Key challenges include insufficient material realism and radiopacity,limitations in printer accuracy and cost,workflow errors and the absence of unified standards,as well as a lack of long-term evidence-based research.The Future directions should focus on multi-material and high-resolution printing,cost optimization,integration with VR/AR,AI,and 4D printing,and the establishment of standardized research methods and multicenter clinical studies.3D printing is reshaping education and clinical practice in operative and endodontics dentistry,practice toward precision,minimally invasive approaches,and efficiency.

Abstract:In recent years,the deep integration of the vigorous development of artificial intelligence technology and the digital transformation of the medical industry has provided an important opportunity for the innovation of the oral outpatient consumables management model.At present,the application of artificial intelligence technology in the management of dental outpatient consumables is gradually changing the traditional management model,but it also faces many challenges.Through literature review,this study summarized the main challenges faced by the traditional management mode of oral outpatient consumables,systematically sorted out the application status of artificial intelligence technology in the management of oral outpatient consumables,discussed the limitations of the application of artificial intelligence technology in the management of oral outpatient consumables,and proposed measures to improve the efficiency and quality of the intelligent and refined management method of oral outpatient consumables.In order to promote the development of oral consumables management to the direction of precision,initiative and wisdom,and inject continuous momentum to improve the quality of medical services and operational efficiency.