Nonsurgical strategy for extraradicular infection control
YU Jinhua
Abstract：Extraradicular infections are caused by pathogens that are free or exist in the form of biofilms outside the apical foramen,and often considered the etiology of the long-term periapical lesions,which are closely related to the failure of endodontic treatment.Extraradicular infections mostly originated from intracanal infections,and can also be independent of intracanal infections.There are significant limitations to the current endodontic instruments,materials,and medications in the control of extraradicular infections,making it difficult for them to reach the infection area and take effects.The formation of extraradicular biofilms provides a protective barrier for bacteria,making them highly tolerant to conventional intracanal antibacterial drugs and disinfection measures,and increasing the difficulty of infection control.Current treatments of extraradicular infections are mainly focused on surgical interventions,while in recent years,nonsurgical endodontic treatment measures have attracted increasing attention and demonstrated unique advantages.The aim of this paper is to elaborate nonsurgical strategies to control extraradicular infections,including increasing the terminal working width,strengthening the apical irrigation,prolonging the time of intracanal medication,enlarging the diameter of apical foramen,etc.,and to analyze the effectiveness and applicability of these strategies,with a view to providing reference for clinical practice and new ideas for improving the treatment effect of extraradicular infections.
Keywords：extraradicular infectionbiofilmperiapical periodontitisnonsurgical endodontic treatment
Publication Date：2025-10-28
Online Publishing Date：2025-11-19(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：7( 559-565 )