Abstract:This study investigated the inhibitory effects of water-decocted pomegranate peel solution and fermented pomegranate peel solution on bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus.The diameter of the inhibition zone,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of the two pomegranate peel solutions against bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus were detected through in vitro antibacterial tests.Antibacterial curves for different concentrations of the two solutions were established,and their inhibitory effects on biofilm formation were measured.The results showed that both fermented pomegranate peel and water-decocted pomegranate peel exhibited antibacterial effects against bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus.However,the water-decocted pomegranate peel solution was moderately sensitive(inhibition zone diameter 14.5 mm),while the fermented pomegranate peel solution was highly sensitive(inhibition zone diameter 18.5 mm).The MIC values for the fermented pomegranate peel solution and the water-decocted pomegranate peel solution were 0.062 5 g/mL and 0.125 g/mL,respectively,and their MBC values were 0.125 g/mL and 0.25 g/mL,respectively.At a concentration of 0.5 MIC,both solutions delayed the logarithmic phase of bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus by 4 hours;at a concentration of 1.0 MIC,the water-decocted solution delayed the logarithmic phase by 10 hours,while the fermented solution delayed it by 12 hours.The water-decocted pomegranate peel solution at 20%concentration significantly inhibited biofilm formation compared to the control group(P<0.05).The fermented pomegranate peel solution at concentrations of 20%and 30%showed significantly better inhibition of biofilm formation compared to the control group(P<0.05).The study indicates that the lactic acid bacteria-fermented pomegranate peel solution has a superior antibacterial effect against bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus compared to the water-decocted solution and a stronger ability to inhibit biofilm formation.

Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the effects of different ages and dietary β-carotene supplementation on the ovum pick-up(OPU)efficiency in young Holstein heifers.The experiment was divided into two parts:First,600 heifers were randomly assigned to six groups based on age and underwent hormonal treatment and OPU using the same protocol.Subsequently,230 healthy heifers of comparable age and body condition were randomly divided into a control group(fed a basal diet)and a treatment group(supplemented with β-carotene).They received the same hormonal treatment,and OPU was performed when the donor heifers reached 9 months of age.The results showed that the average number of cumulus-oocyte complexes(COCs)collected per donor was highest in 9-month-old heifers,reaching 21.93.The distribution of COCs across different quality grades varied among heifers of different ages.Adding β-carotene to the diet increased the quantity of COCs obtained by donor cattle and significantly improved the quality of oocytes:The proportion of grade 1 COCs in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the proportion of grade 4 COCs was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Studies have shown that there are significant differences in the efficiency of live oocyte retrieval among young Holstein dairy cows of different ages,which provides a basis for determining the optimal age for live oocyte retrieval among young donor cows.The addition of β-carotene to the diet can affect the quantity and quality of COCs obtained during live oocyte retrieval,indicating that it has a regulatory effect on the reproductive physiology of dairy cows and can be used as an effective nutritional strategy to improve oocyte retrieval efficiency and in vitro embryo production.

Abstract:The mandibular joint of dogs is located at the lower one-third of the maxillofacial region and is the only movable bone in the craniofacial region.The incidence of mandibular joint fractures accounts for 50%to 70%of head fractures in dogs,approximately twice that of maxillary fractures.The article reports a case of diagnosis and treatment of a dog with salivation,difficulty in eating and swallowing,and unclosed mouth as the main clinical symptoms.Through laboratory tests and computed tomography(CT)examinations,it was confirmed that the dog had a fracture of the mandibular joint.Subsequently,bilateral bone plate fixation of the mandible was performed.After surgical treatment,the function of the mandibular joint of the affected dog returned to normal.This case can provide certain references for the clinical treatment of mandibular joint fractures in dogs.

Abstract:This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of probiotic preparations on bovine mastitis.A total of 120 healthy adult dairy cows with mastitis were selected from a large-scale dairy farm and randomly divided into three groups based on clinical symptoms,milk bacterial culture results,and somatic cell count(SCC):A microbiota therapy group,an antibiotic therapy group,and a control group,with 40 cows in each group.The microbiota therapy group received intramammary infusion of a compound probiotic preparation once daily for 7 consecutive days.The antibiotic therapy group received targeted antibiotic treatment based on the causative pathogen identification results.The control group received no therapeutic intervention.During the treatment period,clinical symptoms were observed,and milk samples were collected to assess somatic cell count and pathogen levels.The results showed that on day 7 and day 14 post-treatment,the clinical symptom scores in both the microbiota therapy group and the antibiotic therapy group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).On day 7 and day 14 post-treatment,the somatic cell counts in the milk of cows in both the microbiota therapy group and the antibiotic therapy group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the somatic cell count in the microbiota therapy group on day 14 post-treatment was significantly lower than that in the antibiotic therapy group(P<0.05).The pathogen clearance rates in both the microbiota therapy group and the antibiotic therapy group were significantly higher than that in the control group on day 7 and day 14 post-treatment(P<0.05).The study indicates that probiotic preparations are effective in alleviating the clinical symptoms of bovine mastitis,improving milk quality,and inhibiting pathogens.They offer a viable approach to mitigating the issues of antibiotic resistance and food safety concerns associated with antibiotic use.

Abstract:In 2018,the scarlet ibises kept at the Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo began exhibiting breeding behavior,and by 2021,a total of 11 individuals had successfully reproduced and survived.During the incubation and chick-rearing process,fights among breeding groups and food competition among nestlings often cause some chicks to fall from their nests each year.To ensure the survival of these fallen chicks,caretakers initiated hand-rearing practices for the scarlet ibis.After several years of exploration,both the hand-rearing techniques and survival rates have significantly improved.In 2022,2023,and 2024,8,10,and 11 hand-reared chicks survived,respectively.This article discusses the artificial feeding formulas,feeding methods,and chick growth and development in the hand-rearing of scarlet ibis,aiming to provide references to their artificial rearing.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of adding compound probiotic preparations(including Bacillus subtilis,lactic acid bacteria and yeast,etc.)to the basal diet on the growth performance and immunity of weaned piglets.Two hundred 28-day-old three-way hybrid weaned piglets were selected as the experimental subjects and randomly divided into four groups,with 10 replicates in each group and five piglets in each replicate.The control group was fed with the basal diet,while the 0.10%addition group,0.15%addition group,and 0.20%addition group were respectively added with 0.10%,0.15%,and 0.20%of compound probiotic preparations to the basal diet.The pre-test period was 7 days and the formal test period was 56 days.The results showed that during the feeding experiment,compared with the control group,the average daily feed intake of piglets in the 0.10%,0.15%,and 0.20%compound probiotic preparation addition groups all increased,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05),the average daily weight gain significantly increased(P<0.05),and the feed-to-gain ratio significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the contents of serum immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin M(IgM),and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the 0.10%,0.15%,and 0.20%compound probiotic preparation addition groups were increased(P>0.05).The content of serum interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)decreased(P>0.05);Compared with the control group,the contents of serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)and interleukin-2(IL-2)in the 0.15%and 0.20%compound probiotic preparation addition groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the content of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Studies have shown that adding compound probiotic preparations to the diet of weaned piglets can enhance their growth performance and immune function.Among them,a dosage of 0.15%for compound probiotic preparations is more appropriate.

Abstract:This study aimed to optimize high-yield cultivation techniques for Pennisetum forage in the Hetao Irrigation Area,using the Tianxuan No.1 variety as the research subject.The effects of planting density and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer on agronomic traits and production performance were investigated.The experiment included four planting densities(D1 group:670 plants/667 m²,D2 group:750 plants/667 m²,D3 group:860 plants/667 m²,D4 group:1 000 plants/667 m²)and five topdressing nitrogen fertilizer gradients(N0 group:0 kg/667 m²,N1 group:30 kg/667 m²,N2 group:40 kg/667 m²,N3 group:50 kg/667 m²,N4 group:60 kg/667 m²).The effects on plant height,stem diameter,tiller number,and fresh grass yield were analyzed.The results showed that as planting density increased,the plant height of Tianxuan No.1 decreased.D1 group had the highest plant height and the largest stem diameter,while D3 group achieved the highest tiller number(17.80)and the highest fresh grass yield(6 120.91 kg/667 m2),significantly exceeding other planting density groups(P<0.05).Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased plant height,with all nitrogen application groups showing an increase of 8.80%～12.13%compared to N0 group(P<0.05).N2 group resulted in the highest tiller number,which was 35.38%higher than N0 group(P<0.05).Compared to N0 group,topdressing nitrogen fertilizer increased fresh grass yield by 22.91%～47.88%(P<0.05).The study indicates that the optimal planting density for Pennisetum forage in the Hetao Irrigation Area is 860 plants/667 m²,with a topdressing nitrogen fertilizer rate of 40 kg/667 m²,which can significantly enhance forage yield.The experimental results provide valuable insights for regional large-scale cultivation and the supply of high-quality forage.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different drying methods on the nutritional value of peanut vine.Three peanut varieties(Jihua 21,Jihua 25,Jihua 32)were selected and subjected to two drying methods:whole plant drying and fresh picking followed by drying.The yield and nutritional composition of the peanut vines treated with the two different methods were determined,including crude protein(CP),gross energy(GE),ether extract(EE),dry matter(DM),crude fiber(CF),crude ash(Ash),acid detergent fiber(ADF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),and acid detergent lignin(ADL).The results showed that the whole plant drying method resulted in significant leaf loss,leading to a significantly lower yield for Jihua 21,Jihua 25,and Jihua 32 peanut vines compared to the fresh picking drying method(P<0.05).The contents of CP,EE,Ash,and GE in Jihua 21,Jihua 25,and Jihua 32 peanut vines treated with the fresh picking drying method were significantly higher than those in the whole plant drying method(P<0.05),while the contents of CF,NDF,and ADL were significantly lower(P<0.05).The ADF content in Jihua 21 and Jihua 25 peanut vines treated with the fresh picking drying method was significantly lower than that in the whole plant drying method(P<0.05).The study indicates that the fresh picking drying method results in higher yield and nutritional value of peanut vines.

Abstract:This article aims to analyze and investigate how to avoid complications in B-ultrasound-guided liver tissue biopsy in cynomolgus monkeys.It summarizes the preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative procedures for 1 103 cynomolgus monkeys that underwent this surgery and analyzes the occurrence of postoperative complications.The results show that the complication rate after liver tissue biopsy in cynomolgus monkeys was 13.4%,and all complications resolved with appropriate treatment and care.The study indicates that preoperative analgesia is not only crucial for animal welfare but also a necessary condition for surgical success;the technical skills of the operators and the health assessment of the animals are the foundation and prerequisites for surgical success;intraoperative monitoring and postoperative care are important measures to reduce the risks associated with liver tissue biopsy in cynomolgus monkeys.

Abstract:Prednisolone is widely used in the treatment of various diseases in dogs and cats due to its anti-inflammatory,anti-infective,antiallergic,and immunosuppressive effects.However,the long-term effects on cardiac structure and function remain unclear.In this case,a dog with myxomatous mitral valve disease(MMVD)developed sudden meningitis during treatment and received oral prednisolone for 11 months.During routine cardiac reexaminations,significant changes in cardiac structure and function were observed.These cardiac alterations reverted several months after discontinuation of the medication.This article documents and analyzes the effects of long-term prednisolone use on cardiac structure and function in dogs with mitral valve disease,aiming to alert clinicians to the cardiac impact of prednisolone and optimize drug combinations in the treatment of chronic and concurrent diseases.

Abstract:This study aims to provide a reference for the subsequent development of subunit vaccines against infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV)and avian multivalent combination vaccines.The VP2 protein sequence of the IBDV-TB strain was codon-optimized,and a recombinant baculovirus stably expressing the VP2 protein was constructed.The expressed VP2 protein was formulated into an oil-emulsion vaccine and administered to specific pathogen-free(SPF)chickens to evaluate its immunogenicity.The results showed that the VP2 protein expressed by the recombinant baculovirus had a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa and exhibited strong reactivity with IBDV-positive serum.The expressed protein maintained a stable spatial conformation and could self-assemble into virus-like particles(VLP).On day 28 post-immunization with the oil-emulsion vaccine prepared from VP2 protein,all SPF chickens showed agar gel precipitation titers of≥1∶32 in serum,and effective immune protection was provided against classical,variant,and very virulent strains.The study demonstrates that the codon-optimized VP2 protein sequence of the IBDV-TB strain can be successfully expressed via a baculovirus expression system and self-assemble into VLP.The oil-emulsion vaccine prepared from these VLP provides effective protection against multiple IBDV strains and holds potential for further development as an IBDV subunit vaccine or a component of avian multivalent vaccines.

Abstract:To clarify the serotype,pathogenicity,drug resistance,and other biological characteristics of Riemerella anatipestifer from geese in Liaoning Province,samples such as liver,brain,and joint fluid from suspected infected geese were collected aseptically for isolation and cultivation.The isolates were identified through colony morphology observation,staining and microscopic examination,biochemical tests,PCR identification,sequencing analysis,and serotype identification.Pathogenicity was assessed via animal challenge tests(mice and goslings),and drug sensitivity was evaluated through antimicrobial susceptibility testing.The results showed that the colony growth and staining morphology of the isolates were consistent with the characteristics of Riemerella anatipestifer.Biochemical test results aligned with the properties of Riemerella anatipestifer.PCR identification targeting the Riemerella anatipestifer-specific gene yielded products matching the expected band size.The gene sequence exhibited 99.93%homology with the published Riemerella anatipestifer reference sequence(CP170447.1).Serotype identification confirmed the isolate as serotype 4.After artificial infection of mice and goslings with the isolate,symptoms appeared within 24 hours,with an incidence rate of 100%and mortality rates of 60%and 70%,respectively.Typical pathological features in gosling included fibrinous serositis in the pericardium,liver capsule,and peritoneum.The isolate demonstrated resistance to multiple drugs,including aminoglycosides,but was highly sensitive to six drugs,including tetracyclines.The study confirmed the isolation and identification of a serotype 4 Riemerella anatipestifer strain(JMAV17.202401)from geese,which exhibited strong pathogenicity in both mice and geese.Although it is a multidrug-resistant strain,it remains sensitive to several antimicrobial agents.

Abstract:The experiment aims to explore the effect of the substitution of new and old corn on the growth performance of white-feathered broilers at different stages.A total of 720 13-day-old white-feathered broilers(half female and half male)were selected and randomly divided into five groups.The experimental period was 28 days and was divided into two feeding stages.The first stage is from 13 to 24 days of age.Broilers are fed with powdered feed,with 12 replicates in each group and 12 broilers in each replicate.The second stage is for broilers aged 25 to 40 days.They are fed with pellet feed,with 18 replicates in each group and eight broilers in each replicate.In the control group,old corn(with 14%moisture and 13.22 MJ/kg of metabolic energy)was used in the diet.The diet of the experimental group used new corn(with 15%water content and 13.10 MJ/kg of metabolic energy).Among them,Group A only used new corn,while Groups B,C,and D respectively added an additional 600 g of enzyme preparations,additives,and oil additives.The results showed that under the condition of the same average daily feed intake,at the age of 13 to 24 days,the total weight gain and European efficiency index of white-feathered broilers in Groups A and B were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the feed o gain ratio was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The total weight gain and European efficiency index of white-feathered broilers in Groups C and D were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).At the 25-40 days of age stage,the total weight gain and European efficiency index of white-feathered broilers in Group B were significantly higher than those in Groups C and D(P<0.05),while the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that in Groups C and D(P<0.05).Studies have shown that if new corn is used to replace old corn,during the 13 to 24 day age stage of white-feathered broilers,the new corn can be used after energy correction with oil.At the age of 25 to 40 days for white-feathered broilers,feeding new corn that has been treated with enzymes can achieve better growth performance.

Abstract:Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG)and Mycoplasma synoviae(MS)are the most economically significant pathogenic species,posing serious threats to the health of breeding chickens and the sustainable development of the poultry industry.Rapid,accurate,and specific detection of MG and MS in imported breeding chickens is a critical measure to prevent the introduction of foreign pathogens,protect the safety of the domestic poultry industry,and safeguard public health.This article systematically reviews the research progress on various detection technologies for MG and MS in imported breeding chickens,including traditional pathogen isolation and identification,molecular biology detection,and emerging isothermal amplification techniques.It elaborates on the principles,advantages,and limitations of these technologies,with a focus on key issues such as sample collection and processing protocols under quarantine conditions,avoidance of cross-reactions,and differentiation between vaccine strains and wild strains.The latest research findings on strain identification technologies and portable intelligent detection systems are also integrated.Furthermore,the future development trends of MG and MS detection technologies for imported breeding chickens are discussed,aiming to provide references for the quarantine supervision,disease prevention and control,and population purification of imported breeding chickens.

Abstract:To clarify the biological characteristics,including pathogenicity and drug resistance,of a Riemerella anatipestifer(RA)Liaoning strain isolated from chickens,tissue samples such as liver and joints were aseptically collected from dead chickens for isolation and culture.The isolate was identified using bacteriological and molecular biological tests.Serotyping was performed via agglutination tests,pathogenicity was evaluated by intraperitoneal injection in chicks,and drug sensitivity was tested using the K-B method.The results showed that the colony morphology,staining characteristics,and biochemical reactions of the cultured bacteria were consistent with RA characteristics.PCR identification targeting RA-specific genes yielded an amplification product of approximately 626 bp,matching the expected band size.Sequencing analysis revealed that this gene sequence had the highest homology(99.86%)with the published RA standard strain(NR026025.1)in GenBank.Serotyping by agglutination test identified the isolate as serotype 1.Animal pathogenicity tests confirmed the isolate's strong pathogenicity,with incidence rates reaching 100%in both mice and chicks,and mortality rates of 30%and 60%,respectively.The isolate was sensitive to seven drugs,including ceftiofur,doxycycline,and florfenicol,but resistant to gentamicin,kanamycin,azithromycin,streptomycin,and polymyxin B,indicating it is a multidrug-resistant strain.The study demonstrates that the chicken-origin RA Liaoning strain(JMAV23.202501)is serotype 1 and exhibits strong pathogenicity in both mice and chickens.

Abstract:Antigenic proteins,protease inhibitors,lectins,and urease are the main protein-based anti-nutritional factors in plant-based diets.They affect the digestion and absorption of dietary nutrients in various forms or ways,leading to poor growth performance or impaired health in livestock and poultry,thereby limiting the efficient utilization of plant-based diets.Proteases are a class of enzymes that act on proteinaceous substances,degrading them into polypeptides,small peptides,or amino acids.However,during certain specific periods in the production process(such as the early or lactation stages),the secretion of proteases in animals is insufficient.The exogenous addition of proteases to the diet can effectively degrade large molecular proteins,eliminate the effects of protein-based anti-nutritional factors,improve the absorption and utilization of dietary nutrients,enhance animal growth performance and product quality,and thereby improve the economic benefits of farming.This article summarizes the mechanism of action,enzymatic characteristics,and classification of proteases,and elaborates on the current practical application of proteases in animal production,with the aim of providing a reference for the efficient use of proteases as novel feed additives.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to understand the carrying status of the VIM resistance gene(blaVIM)of 19 strains of Proteus mirabilis from chicken origin in the Liangshan area.19 experimental strains were selected for resuscitation and identification.The drug sensitivity of the experimental strains to six β-lactam antibiotics was detected by the disk method,and whether the identified experimental strains carried blaVIM was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).The results show that the resistance rates of 19 strains of Proteus miraceus from chicken to ampicillin,ceftriaxone,amtronam,imipenem,meropenem,and piperacillin-tazobactam were 100.0%(19/19),78.9%(15/19),10.5%(2/19),15.8%(3/19),0(0/19),and 0(0/19),respectively.None of the 19 experimental strains detected blaVIM by PCR or visual LAMP.Studies have shown that the β-lactam resistance phenotypes of 19 strains of Proteus mirabilis in the Liangshan area at present are not related to the VIM-type carbapenemase-mediated resistance mechanism.

Abstract:This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy and safety of a compound fipronil and praziquantel spot-on solution against internal and external parasites in cats.Experimental cats were divided into groups based on the type of parasitic infection:An external parasite group(flea subgroup,tick subgroup)and an internal parasite group(nematode subgroup,cestode subgroup).Each subgroup was further randomly assigned to a test drug group,a reference drug group,and a placebo group,resulting in a total of 12 groups with 30 cats per group.After transdermal administration at the recommended dosage based on body weight,clinical symptoms were systematically observed,and the number of parasites/eggs,negative conversion rate,and effective rate were calculated before administration and on days 2,7,14,and 28 post-administration.The results showed that compared with pre-administration,the number of fleas and ticks,as well as the counts of nematode eggs and cestode eggs,decreased significantly by day 2 post-administration in both the test drug and reference drug groups(P<0.05).By day 14 post-administration,the negative conversion rate of parasites/eggs exceeded 95%,with an effective rate of over 90%,and the efficacy persisted until day 28 post-administration.Symptoms such as skin itching and rash in the external parasite group,and digestive symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting in the internal parasite group,were significantly improved.In contrast,no significant changes were observed in any indicators in the placebo group before and after administration(P>0.05).The efficacy evaluation indicated that on day 28 post-administration,the compound fipronil and praziquantel spot-on solution maintained an effective rate of 100.00%against fleas and ticks,and 96.67%and 93.33%against nematodes and cestodes,respectively.The cats tolerated the drug well,with no significant adverse reactions observed.The study indicates that the compound fipronil and praziquantel spot-on solution had stronger therapeutic effect and higher safety in the prevention and control of feline ectoparasites(ticks,fleas)and endoparasites(nematodes,tapeworms).

Abstract:With the implementation of policies such as the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in feed and the promotion of green veterinary drugs,microbially fermented traditional Chinese medicine has become an important means to replace antibiotics in the breeding industry.Through effects such as'enhancing efficacy,reducing toxicity,and modifying properties,'microbially fermented traditional Chinese medicine has become a vital tool for improving breeding efficiency and the quality of animal-derived products,ensuring the health of livestock and poultry,and achieving ecological farming.This article systematically reviews the research progress on the application of microbially fermented traditional Chinese medicine in livestock and poultry farming,aiming to provide references for its further promotion and application,and to advance the green and sustainable development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry.

Abstract:The study aimed to clarify the genetic variation of Hexon and Fiber genes of fowl adenovirus(FAdV)in Group D of a broiler farm in Zhoukou area,and to conduct PCR amplification,sequencing and sequence analysis on suspected positive broiler liver samples.The results showed that the Hexon and Fiber genes of the cloned ZK01 strain were closely related to the FAdV FJSW2021 strain of group D,and the sizes of the coding sequences(CDS)were 2 853 bp and 1 719 bp,respectively.The nucleotide homology between the ZK01 strain and the FJSW2021 strain was the highest,being 100.0%and 99.9%respectively.However,there was a significant difference from the 380 reference strains of serum type 11,with homologies of only 97.9%and 95.8%respectively,and there were multiple nonsense mutations in the Hexon gene.Studies have shown that there are group D FAdV epidemic strains in the chicken flocks in Zhoukou area,which provides certain references for the molecular epidemiological monitoring and prevention and control of FAdV in this area.