Antibacterial effect of pomegranate peel mixed with lactic acid bacteria fermentation on bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus

Liu Jinhao; Feng Wei; Li Tao; Gao Ruikai; Zhang Wenxin; Li Yujie; Hou Yanji; Chen Rong

doi:10.20154/j.cnki.issn1672-9692.2025.12.003

Abstract：This study investigated the inhibitory effects of water-decocted pomegranate peel solution and fermented pomegranate peel solution on bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus.The diameter of the inhibition zone,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of the two pomegranate peel solutions against bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus were detected through in vitro antibacterial tests.Antibacterial curves for different concentrations of the two solutions were established,and their inhibitory effects on biofilm formation were measured.The results showed that both fermented pomegranate peel and water-decocted pomegranate peel exhibited antibacterial effects against bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus.However,the water-decocted pomegranate peel solution was moderately sensitive(inhibition zone diameter 14.5 mm),while the fermented pomegranate peel solution was highly sensitive(inhibition zone diameter 18.5 mm).The MIC values for the fermented pomegranate peel solution and the water-decocted pomegranate peel solution were 0.062 5 g/mL and 0.125 g/mL,respectively,and their MBC values were 0.125 g/mL and 0.25 g/mL,respectively.At a concentration of 0.5 MIC,both solutions delayed the logarithmic phase of bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus by 4 hours;at a concentration of 1.0 MIC,the water-decocted solution delayed the logarithmic phase by 10 hours,while the fermented solution delayed it by 12 hours.The water-decocted pomegranate peel solution at 20%concentration significantly inhibited biofilm formation compared to the control group(P<0.05).The fermented pomegranate peel solution at concentrations of 20%and 30%showed significantly better inhibition of biofilm formation compared to the control group(P<0.05).The study indicates that the lactic acid bacteria-fermented pomegranate peel solution has a superior antibacterial effect against bovine milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus compared to the water-decocted solution and a stronger ability to inhibit biofilm formation.