Abstract:Curcumin is a green,safe,and effective novel feed additive and the main active substance in turmeric.It possesses various physiological functions such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,and immunity-enhancing effects,with low toxicity,easy extraction,and low cost,giving it broad application prospects in the feed industry.This article summarizes the nutritional and physiological effects of curcumin,including its impacts on animal glucose metabolism,immunity and antioxidant stress,intestinal mucosal barrier function,and reproductive performance,aiming to provide reference for the rational application of curcumin in animal diets.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of oral administration of iron dextran to lactating sows on the growth performance of suckling piglets.A total of 36 sows near parturition were randomly divided into two groups,each with nine replicates of two sows per replicate.The sows in the control group were fed a basal diet,and their piglets were intramuscularly injected with 2 mL of iron dextran injection at 3 days postpartum.In the experimental group,sows were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg of iron dextran powder.The pre-trial period lasted one week,followed by a formal trial period of 21 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the average daily gain of piglets in the experimental group was not significantly different(P＞0.05),while the hemoglobin concentration was slightly increased(P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,the contents of iron,immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),total protein,and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in the milk of sows in the experimental group were significantly elevated(P＜0.01).The study indicates that oral administration of iron dextran to sows can serve as an alternative to injectable iron supplementation for piglets.

Abstract:Manganese is one of the essential trace elements for livestock and poultry.It participates in the activation of various enzymes and the metabolism of nutrients in the body,and plays an important role in the growth performance,reproductive function,antioxidant capacity and bone development of livestock and poultry.In recent years,with the increasing demand for green and efficient breeding in the livestock industry,organic manganese has gradually become a research hotspot due to its advantages such as high bioavailability and low environmental pollution.This article mainly reviews the absorption and excretion of manganese,its biological functions,and the application of organic manganese in livestock and poultry breeding,with the aim of providing a reference for the scientific application of manganese in livestock production.

Abstract:Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats are common clinical diseases,often manifested as vomiting,loss of appetite,watery stools,shock,etc.,and the types of foreign bodies swallowed are diverse.There are also many methods for assisting in the diagnosis of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tracts of dogs and cats,including X-rays,B-ultrasound,CT,and magnetic resonance imaging examinations.This article analyzes the diagnosis and treatment of 48 cases of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in dogs and cats(28 cases in dogs and 20 cases in cats)collected from M Animal Hospital in the past year,and focuses on discussing the role of B-ultrasound examination in the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases.The results showed that the proportion of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats diagnosed by B-ultrasound and the location of foreign bodies were both 97.92%.Surgery remains the most commonly used method for treating this type of disease,but in clinical practice,after the location of the foreign body is located,different treatment methods(such as endoscopy)can be adopted according to the actual situation.Studies have shown that diagnosing and precisely locating the foreign body position through B-ultrasound examination provides sufficient basis for the subsequent selection of a reasonable treatment plan.

Abstract:Scald injury is one of the common accidental injuries in dogs,which can easily damage the skin barrier and lead to secondary bacterial infections.This article reports a case of a large-area scalding caused by boiling water on the left shoulder and back of a 3-year-old male Corgi.Diagnosis was made through clinical symptom examination and laboratory tests,confirming severe bacterial infection and inflammatory response.The treatment plan involved surgical debridement and suturing combined with anti-infection therapy using the new veterinary drug,compound Staphylococcal enzyme chlorhexidine spray,supplemented with intravenous administration of cefquinome sodium.The spray was applied continuously for 10 days postoperatively,resulting in favorable wound healing.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to investigate the differences in psoralen content among different parts of Ficus hirta,as well as the effect of microbial treatment on its psoralen content.The study first examined the method for determining psoralen content in Ficus hirta.Subsequently,composite bacterial cultures,including Bacillus licheniformis and lactic acid bacteria,were used to ferment powdered root,stem,and leaf samples of Ficus hirta.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was employed to detect the psoralen content in different treated parts of Ficus hirta.The results revealed variations in psoralen content across different plant parts,with the content decreasing in the order of roots,leaves,and stems.Following microbial fermentation,there was a trend toward increased psoralen content.Specifically,the psoralen levels in the roots,stems,and leaves of the Bacillus licheniformis composite treatment group(Group A)were higher than those in the control group.Similarly,the psoralen content in the roots and leaves of the lactic acid bacteria composite treatment group(Group B)was also elevated compared to the control.The study indicates that both Bacillus licheniformis and lactic acid bacteria composite agents can promote the release of psoralen from Ficus hirta,with the Bacillus licheniformis composite showing a more pronounced effect than the lactic acid bacteria composite.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to elucidate the regulatory effect of Chaenomeles speciosa polysaccharide on the inflammatory response in the brain and liver of mice infected with pseudorabies virus(PRV),and to explore its anti-inflammatory targets by combining differential KEGG pathway mechanisms.Fifty SPF-grade Kunming mice(half male and half female)were randomly allocated into five groups,with 10 mice per group.PRV-infected mice were treated with Chaenomeles speciosa polysaccharide at doses ranging from 50 to 200 mg/kg.A PRV-infected group and a control group were also established.On day 7 of the experiment,the mice were euthanized,and brain and liver tissues were collected.Inflammatory cytokines and the activity of inflammatory effector molecules were detected via ELISA.Meanwhile,transcriptome sequencing was performed on liver tissues,followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses,as well as GSEA.The results showed that Chaenomeles speciosa polysaccharide at 50 to 200 mg/kg could ameliorate the imbalance of inflammatory cytokines induced by PRV infection.It reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-18(IL-18),as well as chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 5(CCL5),and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)in both brain and liver tissues.Furthermore,it can inhibit the activity of inflammatory effector molecules cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).At the transcriptome level,a total of 2 998 differentially expressed genes were identified in the livers of PRV-infected mice after treatment with Chaenomeles speciosa polysaccharide.These differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in biological processes(such as cellular processes and biological regulation),molecular functions(including binding and catalytic activity),and cellular components(like cellular anatomical entities).KEGG analysis and GSEA yielded consistent results,showing significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in pathways including the complement and coagulation cascades,hematopoietic cell lineage,extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor interaction,focal adhesion,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt)signaling pathway,and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.The study indicates that Chaenomeles speciosa polysaccharides can inhibit the excessive inflammatory response in the brain and liver caused by PRV infection by regulating key signaling pathways such as the complement and coagulation cascade,PI3K-Akt and MAPK,and targeting the expression of differentially expressed inflammation-related genes,thereby maintaining the inflammatory homeostasis of the body.

Abstract:Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death distinct from necrosis and apoptosis,closely associated with various physiological mechanisms.It is characterized by unchanged nuclei,intact plasma membranes,mitochondrial damage,and is typically accompanied by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation.In recent years,research on ferroptosis in reproductive system diseases and germ cells has advanced rapidly.This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and the effects of related external environmental factors on male germ cells across different species,aiming to expand the research scope of ferroptosis and provide new insights for further investigating its role in the regulation of animal reproductive physiology.

Abstract:Tumors are one of the common surgical conditions in senior dogs.With advancements in veterinary medical technology,the detection rate of canine neoplasms has been increasing annually.Surgical resection has become a crucial approach to prolong survival and improve the prognosis of affected dogs.In recent years,progress in veterinary surgery and anesthesiology has brought new breakthroughs for canine tumor resection,such as the optimization of multimodal analgesia protocols and the widespread adoption of individualized anesthesia management strategies,which have significantly enhanced surgical safety and success rates.This article will systematically elaborate on the key aspects of anesthesia for canine tumor resection surgery,integrating clinical practice to provide veterinary practitioners with scientific and comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic references,thereby contributing to the further development of anesthesia for canine tumor resection surgery.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to precisely screen the most suitable forage foxtail millet varieties for saline-alkali soils in the Hetao Irrigation District.A field trial was conducted in saline-alkali land of the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia to compare the effects of drilling and hill sowing on plant height,panicle length,and fresh and hay yields of four Zhangqinggu varieties(No.1,2,3,and 5).The results showed that the plant height and panicle length of Zhangqinggu No.1,2,and 5 under hill sowing were significantly higher than those under drilling(P＜0.05).Under drilling,Zhangqinggu No.1 had the highest plant height(163.70 cm),which was significantly greater than that of the other varieties(P＜0.05),while Zhangqinggu No.2 had the lowest plant height(139.78 cm).Zhangqinggu No.5 exhibited the longest panicle length(23.70 cm),significantly exceeding the other varieties(P＜0.05),whereas Zhangqinggu No.2 had the shortest panicle length(17.43 cm).Under hill sowing,Zhangqinggu No.1 achieved the highest plant height(175.33 cm),significantly surpassing the other varieties(P＜0.05),and Zhangqinggu No.5 had the longest panicle length(25.53 cm on average),significantly greater than that of the other varieties(P＜0.05).The fresh and hay yields of Zhangqinggu No.2 under hill sowing were significantly higher than those under drilling(P＜0.05).Zhangqinggu No.5,whether under drilling or hill sowing,produced significantly higher fresh and hay yields than the other varieties(P＜0.05).The study demonstrates that Zhangqinggu No.5,with its high yield,salt tolerance,and outstanding panicle length,is suitable for promotion.Hill sowing can enhance yield by optimizing light energy and resource allocation,providing a technical basis for forage production and improvement in saline-alkali lands.

Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the expression characteristics of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4(IGFBP4)in the ovaries of Tibetan sheep and to analyze differences in IGFBP4 expression levels in the ovaries of Tibetan sheep with different fertility.Ovarian samples were collected from Tibetan sheep producing single or twin lambs.Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized,followed by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)to detect IGFBP4 expression levels in the ovarian tissues of Tibetan sheep producing single or twin lambs.The results showed that the expression of IGFFBP4 in the ovarian tissues of high-fertility Tibetan sheep(producing twin lambs)was significantly higher than that in low-fertility Tibetan sheep(producing single lambs)(P＜0.05).Research suggests that the expression of IGFBP4 varies significantly in the ovaries of Tibetan sheep with different fertility levels,indicating it may play an important role in their reproductive process.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of feeds with different nutritional levels on the growth performance,blood physiological,and serum biochemical parameters in experimental rabbits.Twenty-four healthy experimental rabbits of the same age were selected and randomly divided into six groups(Groups A,B,C,D,E,and F),with four rabbits in each group.Each group was fed one of the six rabbit feeds with different nutritional levels.The experimental period lasted for five weeks.The results showed that the final body length of rabbits in Group C was significantly higher than that in Group E(P＜0.05),and the final body girth of rabbits in Groups A,B,C,and D was significantly higher than that in Group E(P＜0.05).The liver index of rabbits in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group E(P＜0.05).The hemoglobin(HGB)level of rabbits in Group A was significantly higher than that in Groups C,D,E,and F(P＜0.05),and the white blood cell count(WBC)was significantly higher than that in Groups B,C,D,and E(P＜0.05).The serum urea(UREA)content of rabbits in Group C was significantly higher than that in Groups A,B,D,and F(P＜0.05),and the serum creatinine(CREA-S)content of rabbits in Groups B and E was significantly higher than that in Group A(P＜0.05).The study indicates that the feed for Group A is beneficial for improving immune parameters and liver development in experimental rabbits,while the feed for Group C promotes body length growth.Suitable feed can be selected based on breeding objectives.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of using Small-tailed Han sheep as the dam line and crossing them with three different two-way cross rams(Ao-Hu,Du-Hu,and Sa-Hu)in a three-way cross system on the growth performance of their offspring lambs.The trial was conducted in Yangguang Xincun,Xijing Town,Gulang County.Local indoor-fed Small-tailed Han ewes and three types of two-way cross rams(Ao-Hu,Du-Hu,and Sa-Hu)were selected to construct the cross combinations(designated as Group A,B,and C,respectively).A control group was set up using Hu sheep×Small-tailed Han two-way crosses.All offspring lambs from the different combinations were reared under indoor feeding conditions.Their growth performance indicators were measured at 30 and 60 days of age,and at 3 and 6 months of age.The incidence rates of different diseases were recorded,and blood samples were collected at 6 months of age to determine the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM).The results showed that the average body weights of lambs from the Du-Hu×Small-tailed Han combination(Group B)at 30 days,60 days,3 months,and 6 months were 5.8 kg,12.3 kg,24.3 kg,and 45.6 kg,respectively,with an average daily gain of 225.0 g/(lamb·d).The corresponding values for the Sa-Hu×Small-tailed Han combination(Group C)were 5.5 kg,11.8 kg,23.8 kg,and 44.2 kg,with an average daily gain of 218.0 g/(lamb·d).For the Ao-Hu×Small-tailed Han combination(Group A),the values were 5.3 kg,11.5 kg,23.1 kg,and 43.5 kg,with an average daily gain of 212.0 g/(lamb·d).All these values were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Group B lambs had the lowest incidence rates of diarrhea,respiratory diseases,and skin infections,and their serum IgG and IgM levels were extremely higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01).The study indicates that the Du-Hu×Small-tailed Han combination showed the most significant improvement effect and can provide a reference for the optimal cross combination in small-scale intensive meat sheep farming.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to investigate the microbial control methods for egg yolk-containing extenders used in cattle frozen semen production,as well as the effect of extender disinfection on semen performance.The study used the colony count in the frozen semen extenders,along with sperm motility before and after freezing and the sperm deformity rate after freezing,as key indicators.A comparative analysis was conducted between extenders subjected to pasteurization and untreated control groups.The results showed that the colony count in non-disinfected egg yolk-containing extenders exceeded 1 000 CFU/dose,whereas no colonies were detected in the pasteurized extenders,indicating an extremely significant disinfection effect.Pasteurization of the extenders had no significant impact on sperm motility before or after freezing,nor on the post-freezing sperm deformity rate.The study suggests that pasteurization can be widely applied in the processing of cattle frozen semen extenders.

Abstract:This study aimed to evaluate the detection performance of three commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)antibody ELISA kits.Three negative serum samples,three positive serum samples,and 409 clinical serum samples were selected to compare the analytical sensitivity,intra-batch repeatability,and negative and positive agreement rates of the three kits.The results showed that the analytical sensitivity of Kit C is the highest,and Kits A and B are basically the same.The intra-batch coefficient of variation for Kits A,B,and C was less than 4%,indicating good repeatability across all kits.Among them,Kit B demonstrated the best repeatability,followed by Kit C.The positive agreement rates for Kits B and C were both 100.00%,while that for Kit A was 98.08%.The diagnostic sensitivity of the three kits ranked as B=C＞A.The negative agreement rate for Kit A was 100.00%,whereas those for Kits B and C were 99.59%and 97.22%,respectively.The diagnostic specificity ranked as A＞B＞C.The study indicates that Kit B achieved the highest overall performance evaluation,with excellent repeatability,high diagnostic sensitivity,and high diagnostic specificity,making it the preferred choice for antibody detection.If clinical testing prioritizes sensitivity,Kit C,which has higher analytical sensitivity and diagnostic sensitivity,may be selected.If clinical testing emphasizes specificity,Kit A,with higher diagnostic specificity,is recommended.

Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the antibody levels and pathogen infection status of five targeted diseases for eradication-African swine fever(ASF),foot-and-mouth disease(FMD),classical swine fever(CSF),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS),and pseudorabies(PR)-at a specific pig breeding farm in Guiyang City.From 2022 to 2024,a total of 543 samples each of pig serum,anticoagulated blood,and nasopharyngeal swabs,along with 205 environmental samples,were collected from this farm.ELISA was used to detect both immunization and infection antibodies,while real-time fluorescent PCR/RT-PCR was employed for viral nucleic acid detection.The results showed that from 2022 to 2024,the positive rates for immunization antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),classical swine fever virus(CSFV),and pseudorabies virus(PRV)were 99.63%(541/543),99.63%(541/543),and 96.50%(524/543),respectively.Infection antibodies for African swine fever virus(ASFV),FMDV,PRRSV,and PRV were all negative,and nucleic acid test results for ASFV,FMDV,CSFV,and PRRSV were also all negative.These results meet the eradication standards specified in the'Technical Specification for the Assessment of Animal Disease-Free Farms'(requiring immunization antibody positive rates≥90%,with negative results for both infection antibodies and viral nucleic acid detection).The study indicates that this pig breeding farm meets the conditions for applying for the status of an'Animal Disease-Free Farm'.

Abstract:This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with organic complex trace elements on the performance,serum biochemical indicators,and reproductive performance of bulls.Twenty 24-month-old healthy Simmental bulls with similar body weight and good performance were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 10 replicates per group and one bull per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,while the experimental group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg of organic complex trace elements.The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days,and the formal experimental period lasted for 30 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the average daily gain of bulls in the experimental group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the heart girth of bulls in the experimental group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),but no significant differences were observed in body height,withers height,body length,abdominal girth,and cannon bone circumference(P＞0.05).Feeding organic composite trace elements significantly increased the serum albumin content(P＜0.05)and decreased the serum urea nitrogen content(P＜0.05)of Simmental bulls,but had no significant effects on the contents of total protein,globulin,and blood glucose(P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,the testicular circumference,semen density,frozen semen motility,and progressive sperm count of Simmental bulls in the experimental group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).No significant differences were found in semen volume,fresh semen motility,or sperm abnormality rate(P＞0.05).The study indicates that organic complex trace elements can promote the growth of Simmental bulls,improve their protein utilization,and enhance sperm quality.

Abstract:This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus species isolated from dairy cow mastitis in Yunnan Province.A total of 30 milk samples were collected from cows with clinical mastitis on local large-scale dairy farms.Bacterial isolation and identification were performed based on colony morphology,Gram staining,biochemical tests,and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates to 20 antimicrobial agents was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method,and the presence of 10 resistance genes was detected by PCR.The results showed that four Staphylococcus strains were isolated and identified as Staphylococcus chromogenes(PT-1 and PT-2),Staphylococcus aureus(PT-3),and Staphylococcus cohnii(PT-4)via 16S rRNA analysis.The genetic homology among the isolates ranged from 96.3%to 100.0%,indicating close phylogenetic relationships with local reference strains from Yunnan.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates clustered with some Yunnan strains in the same branch but were separated into distinct branches from most reference strains both domestically and internationally,suggesting regional evolutionary adaptation.The isolates exhibited notable antibiotic resistance,showing sensitivity to cephalosporins,polymyxin B,and ciprofloxacin but reduced susceptibility to commonly used clinical antibiotics such as penicillins and macrolides.All strains carried the β-lactam resistance gene blaTEM-1(carriage rate:100%).Notably,PT-1 also harbored the aadA1(aminoglycoside resistance)and tetA(tetracycline resistance)genes,demonstrating multidrug resistance.The study indicates that the blaTEM-1 gene serves as a core resistance marker in Staphylococcus isolates from dairy cow mastitis in Yunnan.To enhance prevention and control efficacy,clinical management of bovine mastitis should integrate antibiotic susceptibility testing with genetic detection results to develop precise treatment strategies.

Abstract:The study aims to optimize the adsorption and desorption process of salidroside using macroporous resin to achieve efficient separation and purification of salidroside.The experiment first screened suitable macroporous resins through static adsorption,followed by dynamic adsorption to determine the optimal pH,concentration,and flow rate of the sample solution.Stepwise desorption was employed to identify the appropriate eluent concentration.The samples obtained from the previous steps were used to establish a standard curve,measure recovery rate and purity,and the structure of salidroside was verified using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The results showed that using macroporous resin LX-32 under optimal conditions(sample solution pH 6.0,salidroside content 0.4 g/L,flow rate 1.0 BV/h,eluted with 20%ethanol at a flow rate of 4.0 BV/h),the recovery rate of salidroside reached 92.5%with a purity of 99.8%.The study demonstrates that the established macroporous resin separation and recovery process for salidroside extraction and purification offers significant advantages.It not only improves the efficiency of separation and purification but also reduces production costs.This provides reliable technical support for the industrial production of salidroside and promotes its application and development in the pharmaceutical field.

Abstract:Against the backdrop of the booming global livestock industry,the issue of feed resource shortage is becoming increasingly severe.Concurrently,a substantial amount of waste leaves is generated from urban greening and forestry production,with traditional disposal methods causing both resource waste and environmental pollution.Co-symbiotic fermentation using lactic acid bacteria and yeast can significantly enhance the nutritional value of the resultant product:crude protein content increases,while crude fiber content decreases;levels of crude fat,vitamins,and minerals also improve,demonstrating favorable application effects in livestock and poultry farming.Adopting this technology to ferment waste leaves for silage production holds dual significance for resource utilization and environmental protection.However,research on the preparation of silage through co-symbiotic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and yeast is extremely limited,and studies on microbial community adaptability tailored to the characteristics of waste leaves—high lignin and low sugar content—remain insufficient.This article elucidates the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria and yeast,their fermentation mechanisms,and the symbiotic interactions in their co-fermentation process.It summarizes existing fermentation methods and application outcomes of fermented leaf feed,provides examples of nutritional composition changes in leaves after fermentation with lactic acid bacteria and yeast,and cites research on the application of fermented feed in livestock,poultry,and aquatic animal farming.The aim is to offer insights for the conversion of waste resources into feed.