Abstract:Objective To investigate the knockdown and adulticidal efficacy of Tripterygium wilfordii extract against Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods The bioactivity of T.wilfordii extract was evaluated according to the Laboratory Efficacy Tests and Evaluation of Public Health Insecticides for Pesticide Registration-Part 1:Spray Fluid(GB/T 13917.1-2009).Results The extract exhibited excellent knockdown effects on Cx.quinquefasciatus.Both the knockdown rate and knockdown speed increased with concentration.At a concentration of 30.00 mg/L,the 20 min knockdown rate was 21.45%.When the concentration increased by 3.375-fold(101.25 mg/L),the knockdown rate reached 77.78%,and the median knockdown time(KT50)was 9.40 min.At a concentration of 227.81 mg/L,the knockdown rate was 100%,with statistically significant concentration-dependent variations in knockdown rate(P＜0.05).The extract also demonstrated marked adulticidal activity,showing a dose-effect relationship.Post-24 h treatment,median lethal concentration(LC50)and LC90 were 58.10 mg/L and 129.80 mg/L,respectively.Among some chemical components of the extract of T.wilfordii,triptolide exhibited the most potent adulticidal activity against Cx.quinquefasciatus,achieving mortality rates of 87.78%and 100%at concentrations of 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L,respectively,with significantly higher bioactivity than the other four compounds(P＜0.05).Conclusion T.wilfordii extract exhibits potent knockdown and adulticidal effects against mosquitoes,positioning triptolide as the dominant active ingredient.

Abstract:As a valuable botanical resource for pest control,Tripterygium wilfordii exhibits broad-spectrum bioactivity against multiple pest orders,including Lepidoptera,Diptera,and Coleoptera—through its bioactive constituents,predominantly sesquiterpene alkaloids and diterpenoids.Diterpenoids such as triptolide demonstrate potent contact toxicity,while alkaloids like wilforine primarily function via stomach poisoning and antifeedant effects.The acquisition methods for bioactive compounds in T.wilfordii encompass solvent extraction,chemical synthesis,and biosynthesis.The chemical structures of active constituents directly influence anti-insect efficacy,wherein the epoxide moiety within diterpenoids constitutes a critical functional group governing pest resistance.The mechanism of action involves complex multitarget interactions beyond single-site disruption.Wilforine severely compromises calcium ion(Ca2+)homeostasis in cells—particularly muscle tissues—impairing contraction-relaxation cycles,ultimately causing muscular structural disintegration,disrupted neural signaling,and energy depletion.Triptolide substantially reduces insect lipase activity and induces severe midgut histopathological damage,critically hindering nutrient digestion and absorption.Additional actions include metabolic enzyme dysregulation and growth inhibition.Owing to this unique multitarget mechanism,combined with low resistance risk and environmental compatibility,the bioactive compounds of T.wilfordii hold significant promise for developing next-generation eco-friendly insecticides.

Abstract:Objective To understand the infection status of soil-transmitted nematodes and pinworms in Wanzai County,so as to provide a scientific basis for developing prevention and control measures.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the survey population.The modified Kato-Katz thick smear method(two tests for one stool sample)and cellophane tape anal swab method were used to examine the infection status of soil-transmitted nematodes and pinworms,respectively.The infection rate and infection intensity of soil-transmitted nematodes and the infection rate of pinworms were calculated and analyzed.Chi-square test was used for comparison of rates.Results From 2020 to 2024,the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes in Wanzai County was 1.89%,with annual infection rates ranging from 1.31%to 3.70%.There was a statistically significant difference in infection rates among different years(χ2=16.503,P=0.002).The dominant infecting species was hookworm.Among the 81 individuals infected with soil-transmitted nematodes,93.83%(76/81)had mild infections,with 2 cases of severe hookworm infection and 4 cases of moderate hookworm infection.Both ascaris and trichuris were mild infections.There were 4 surveillance sites with an infection rate＞3%,with Baishui Township having the highest infection rate of 4.64%(7/151),followed by Sanxing Town with 4.61%(7/152).There was no statistically significant difference in infection rates between different genders(χ2=0.954,P=0.329).The infection rate was higher among individuals over 50 years old and farmers.The pinworm infection rate among children aged 3 to 9 years old was 12.03%(61/507),and there was a statistically significant difference in pinworm infection rates among children in different years(χ2=18.564,P=0.001).The age of children infected with pinworms was concentrated between 4 and 9 years old,accounting for 93.44%(57/61)of cases.There was no statistically significant difference in pinworm infection rates between male and female children(χ2=0.057,P=0.811).Conclusions Wanzai County has not yet reached the standard for controlling the spread of soil-transmitted nematodes,and there is still a risk of transmission.The infection rates of hookworms and pinworms are relatively high.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen surveillance and public education among children,individuals over 50 years old,and farmers.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the differences in the number and population composition of flies trapped by different baits in the Tongzhou District,Beijing,so as to provide scientific basis for ecological monitoring and control of flies in Beijing.Methods Flies were captured by cage trapping method using stinky tofu bait,sugar-vinegar bait and fresh shrimps bait,respectively.Non-parametric test methods were used for the statistical analysis of the results of the trapping effect of different baits on flies.Results A total of 8 322 flies in 30 species were captured by three baits,with an average fly density of 24.05 flies per cage.There were statistically significant differences in the number of flies captured by stinky tofu,sugar-vinegar and fresh shrimp(Hc=25.59,P＜0.01).The fly densities were 43.93,3.78,and 24.78 flies per cage,respectively.The top 7 fly species in density were Lucilia Sericaca,Parasarcophaga(s.str.)albicep,Muscina stabulans,Bercaea haemorrhoidalis,P.(s.str.)misera,L.illustris,and Chrysomya megacephala.Conclusions There are differences in the number and population composition of flies trapped by different baits.The most suitable bait should be selected based on the purpose and requirements of practical work.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the import and local transmission risks of dengue fever in Sichuan Province in 2025,so as to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures.Methods Qualitative analysis methods were used to evaluate import risks.Using expert panel method and risk matrix method,various factors affecting the local transmission of dengue fever were assigned values and weights were determined to evaluate the local transmission risk.Results The likelihood of reporting imported cases of dengue fever from abroad in Sichuan Province in 2025 is"almost certain",while the likelihood of reporting domestic imported cases is"possible".It is predicted that the peak of reporting imported cases from abroad in Sichuan Province in 2025 will be from June to October,with the main sources being Southeast Asia and South Asia.The peak of reporting domestic imported cases will be from August to October,with a focus on provinces with relatively severe local epidemics that year(such as Guangdong,Yunnan,etc.).From May to June,there would be 10 cities/states with a moderate risk of local transmission of dengue fever.From July to October,a total of 20 cities/states would have a moderate risk of local transmission of dengue fever.Conclusions In 2025,there will still be imported cases of dengue fever in Sichuan Province.From July to October,special attention should be paid to the local transmission of dengue fever.It is recommended to adopt comprehensive measures such as joint prevention and control,epidemic monitoring,standardized disposal and health education.Trend analysis and risk assessment should be carried out in a timely manner according to the situation.

Abstract:Pests pose an increasing threat to agriculture,forestry,and the environment,necessitating improvements in control efficiency.This paper reviews the classification of traditional pest control equipment and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various pesticide application machines.It focuses on the application advantages and current research status of pulse jet engines in two innovative pesticide application machines—pulse fogging machines and soil steam sterilizers.Pulse fogging machines offer efficient spraying and penetration,making them suitable for large-scale operations,while soil steam sterilizers demonstrate excellent sterilization in soil treatment.Finally,the paper discusses the prospects for the use of pulse jet engines in pest control and proposes future research directions and challenges.

Abstract:Objective To understand the population composition,density,infestation rate,seasonal fluctuation and distribution of cockroaches in Xiamen,and the resistance of Blattella germanica to three commonly used insecticides,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of cockroaches.Methods From 2021 to 2023,the sticky trap method was used to monitor the density of cockroaches in six types of habitats in Xiamen.In 2023,the residual film method was used to determine the resistance of Blattella germanica to three commonly used insecticides,and the resistance level was determined based on the median knockout time(KT50).Excel 2007 and SPSS 27.0 softwares were used for statistical analysis.The rank sum test and Chi-square test were performed for cockroach density and infestation rate,respectively.Results The dominant species of cockroaches captured in Xiamen was B.germanica from 2021 to 2023,with a composition ratio of 99.38%.A total of 4 889 rooms were monitored,of which 373 rooms were positive,with an infestation rate of 7.63%.4 415 effective sticky cockroach sheets were recovered,and 4 011 cockroaches were captured,with a density of 0.91 cockroaches/sheet.The cockroach density in 2022 was higher than that in 2021 and 2023.The peak of cockroach density occurred in May,with a density of 1.19 cockroaches/sheet.The peak of infestation rate occurred in July,with an infestation rate of 8.98%.The highest density of cockroaches was found in farmers'markets(3.37 cockroaches/sheet),followed by catering industry,residential areas,hospitals and hotels,and the lowest density was in supermarkets(0.02 cockroaches/sheet).The highest infestation rate of cockroaches was in the farmer's market(20.12%),followed were captured by residential areas,catering industry,hotels and supermarkets,and the lowest infestation rate was in hospitals(0.69%).The resistance ratios to chlorpyrifos,cypermethrin and propoxur were 13.71,11.18 and 2.95,respectively.Conclusions B.germanica is the dominant cockroach species in Xiamen,and farmers'market has the highest infestation rate.B.germanica has high resistance to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin and low resistance to propoxur.Insecticides should be used scientifically and reasonably based on the results of insecticide resistance surveillance to delay the development of resistance.

Abstract:Objective To determine the toxicity of broflanilide,chlorantraniliprole,fufenozide against Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus.Methods The toxicity of three insecticides were determined using the topical application method.Results 72 hours after the treatment,the LC50 of broflanilide,chlorantraniliprole,fufenozide against C.formosanus were 4.241 5,1.434 0,14 638 mg/L,respectively.And the LC50 of broflanilide,chlorantraniliprole,fufenozide against R.Speratus were 2.822 1,0.2 839,7 960 mg/L,respectively.Conclusions Among the three insecticides,broflanilide exhibits the highest toxicity against the two species of termites,followed by chlorantraniliprole,and fufenozide exhibits the lowest toxicity.Chlorantraniliprole and broflanilide shows obvious contact toxicity to C.formosanus and R.speratus,while fufenozide shows very low contact toxicity.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the population distribution,density and seasonal fluctuation of common fly species in Guang'an,and the resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides,so as to provide a scientific basis for fly control.Methods The cage trapping method was used for fly density surveillance,and the topical application method was used to determine the insecticide resistance of M.domestica.Results In 2024,a total of 83 flies were captured in Guang'an,belonging to 12 species of 10 genera,5 families,with an average fly density of 0.61 flies per cage.The dominant species was Chrysomya megacephala,accounting for 28.92%.Among different habitats,the highest fly density was found in the farmers'markets,with a density of 1.81 flies per cage.The seasonal fluctuation curve of fly density showed a bimodal pattern,with a small peak of 0.67 flies per cage in May and a higher peak of 2.87 flies per cage in August.The LD50 of M.domestica for permethrin,malathion,and dinotefuran were 0.230,4.474,and 11.809 μg/flies,respectively.The resistance ratios were 32.16,17.75,and 113.99,respectively.Conclusions The dominant fly species in Guang'an is Chrysomya megacephala.The wild population of M.domestica shows moderate resistance to permethrin and malathion,and high resistance to dinotefuran.The use of these three insecticides should be stopped or reduced,and insecticides with different mechanisms of action should be used alternately to delay the development of resistance.It is recommended to adopt comprehensive control measures for flies,strengthen health education,and mobilize public participation.

Abstract:Through the implementation of a special malaria screening program for inbound personnel across Jiangsu Province in 2024,a total of 8 cases with positive preliminary screening results were detected.Among these,7 cases were confirmed by blood smear microscopy,and all of them have been successfully treated and recovered.The current status of malaria infection among inbound foreign populations poses a public health risk of concealed transmission.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics of the cases,and risk assessment,this study further examines the current situation of malaria infection in inbound personnel and proposes targeted prevention and control measures.The purpose is to provide a scientific basis and practical reference for reducing the risk of imported malaria and consolidating the achievements in malaria elimination.

Abstract:Objective To understand the current status of hand hygiene of staff in key places in Nantong from 2023 to 2024.Methods Random sampling and on-site sampling detection methods were used to monitor the disinfection quality of hand hygiene of staff in three types key places in Nantong,and the results were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test.Results From 2023 to 2024,the pass rate of hand hygiene of staff in key places in Nantong was 54.62%,and the difference of pass rate between different key places was statistically significant(χ2=21.659,P＜0.001),among which the pass rate of child care institutions was 69.42%,which was significantly higher than that of nursing homes(40.24%)and primary and secondary schools(48.09%).And there was no statistically significant difference in the pass rate of hand hygiene between the two years.Conclusions The pass rate of hand hygiene in key places in Nantong is low,and the hand hygiene management of staff in key places should be further strengthened,and guidance and training related to disinfection should be carried out.

Abstract:Objective To promote the integrated intervention model of"alpha-cypermethrin 8%wettable powder residual spraying+environmental management"and explore pathways for flea control technology dissemination,with a case analysis of the implementation process.Methods A typical administrative village was selected as a pilot site.Flea bite surveys were conducted among 111 villagers via stratified random sampling.County and township health workers received technical training combining theory and practice.Field operations were evaluated before and after flea control interventions based on local flea bite prevalence.Results 67.57%of respondents reported flea bites,with the highest bite rate in the 36-59 age group(25.23%).The main symptoms included pruritus(39.07%)and erythema(33.11%).After flea control,the effect was evaluated by using the flea adhesive paper method,and it was founded that the total flea density reduction rate was 36.59%,of which the flea density reduction rate in the kitchen reached 100%.However,due to insufficient treatment,the flea density in the livestock pens only decreased by 37.75%.Conclusions During the on-site operation of this suitable flea control technology,constraints such as deviations from operational protocols(e.g.,neglected livestock pens,unmonitored storage areas),environmental factors(rapid insecticide degradation,wall absorbency),and low community engagement should be considered.It is necessary to refine spraying protocols,add synergists to enhance insecticide adaptability,and improve resident compliance through bilingual education and incentive mechanisms.This study provides replicable technical improvement strategies for flea control in arid regions and scientific basis for the precise design of public health intervention policies.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)in the construction of animal plague monitoring quadrat ecological model and the collection of ecological information within the quadrat,so as to provide technical support and technical reserve for the information,intelligent and automated construction of plague prevention and control in Hebei Province.Methods Dji Mavic 3 multi-spectral UAV was used to collect quadrat images of different habitats in the plague natural foci of Hebei Province,and DJI Zhitu software was used to build quadrat ecological models.Using the Chinese rodent confidence management system to collect image information,the ecological information of the sample and the occurrence of rodent infestation were analyzed.Results Nine quadrat samples were collected in the natural plague focus of Hebei Province,covering an area of 204 843.1 m2 and a route length of 29.82 km,which lasted 287 min 15 s.A total of 19 923 aerial images were obtained,and 8 quadrat ecological models were successfully constructed,with a success rate of 88.89％.The ecological information area of the monitoring quadrat was 510 475.1 m2,with an average coverage rate of 47.83％.The coverage rate of grassland was the highest,followed by artificial grassland,and cultivated land was the lowest.Among the three habitats,the area of secondary bare land was the largest in the artificial grassland,the area of mounds and patches was the largest in the grassy flat,and rat holes were the most common in the cultivated land.Conclusions UAV can be used for the construction of ecological models of animal plague monitoring samples in plague natural foci and the evaluation of ecological information and rodent situation in plague foci,and its application in plague emergency management should be further discussed.

Abstract:Objective To verify the efficacy of 0.25 mg/kg triptolide bait on the fertility control of rodent populations in agricultural areas,and evaluate its effects on the rodent density and pregnancy rate of adult female rodents.Methods At four demonstration sites in Quanzhou County,Guangxi,baiting was conducted using the one-time saturated baiting method.Rodent density was monitored by the night trapping method.The number of pregnant female rodents and fetuses were counted,and bait consumption and safety to non-target animals were observed.Results Rodent species in Quanzhou County included Rattus losea,R.norvegicus,R.tanezumi,Mus musculus,and Microtus sp.,with R.losea,R.norvegicus,and M.musculus being the dominant species in agricultural areas(farmland and villages).The best control effect of 0.25 mg/kg triptolide bait on rodent density and female pregnancy rate was observed on the 30th day after application.The corrected control rates of rodent density in the four demonstration sites ranged from 73.14%to 77.72%,and the pregnancy suppression rates of female rodents ranged from 78.79%to 80.28%.The control effect on rodents can last for more than 90 days.On the 90th day after application,the corrected control rates of rodent density in the four demonstration sites ranged from 41.11%to 45.54%,and the pregnancy suppression rates ranged from 50.88%to 52.63%.The feeding coefficient was 0.65 for triptolide bait,indicating good palatability.No poisoning non-target animals was found during the experiment period.Conclusions 0.25 mg/kg triptolide bait can effectively reduce the pregnancy rate of adult female rodents and control rodent population density.It is safe for the ecological environment,non-target organisms,poultry,humans and livestock,and can be promoted and applied in rodent control in rural areas.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the distribution and infestation of flies in key areas(restaurants,supermarkets,hotels and farmers'markets)of Fengtai District,Beijing,so as to provide reference for fly control.Methods The survey was conducted by visual inspection.Data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0.The Chi-square test was used for comparison between two groups.Results In 2022,the positive rate of adult flies was highest in farmers'markets and lowest in hotels,with statistical difference in two groups(χ2=18.47,P＜0.01).The positive rate of adult flies where flies prohibited was highest in supermarkets and lowest in hotels,with statistical difference in two groups(χ2=65.60,P＜0.01).The qualified rate of fly-proof facilities was highest in hotels and lowest in farmers'markets,with statistical difference in two groups(χ2=24.47,P＜0.01).The positive rate of fly breeding site was100%in restaurants,and other habitats were negative.Conclusions Flies control should focus on farmers'markets,restaurants and supermarkets in Fengtai District,and improve fly-proof facilities of these places.Meanwhile,environmental management should be carried out to eliminate fly breeding sites.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the density,distribution,and seasonal fluctuation of four vectors in Beibei District,Chongqing from 2020 to 2023,so as to provide the data foundation for vector control.Methods Ecological surveillance of rodents,mosquitoes,flies,and cockroaches were conducted in urban residential areas,farmers'markets,and other habitats using the sticky board method,light trap method,cage trapping method,and sticky trap method,respectively.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the density of vectors in different habitats.Results From 2020 to 2023,the average density of rodents was 1.87%in Beibei District.The rodent density was the highest in restaurants(4.20%).Mus musculus was the dominant species,and the peak period was March and September.The average density of mosquitoes was 5.43 mosquitoes/(light·night).The mosquito density was the highest in residential areas[7.47 mosquitoes/(light·night)].Culex quinquefasciatus was the dominant species.The highest peak of activity occurred in May 2021,with a secondary peak in September,and the seasonal fluctuation was obvious in other years.The average density of flies was 0.93 flies per cage.The density was the highest in residential areas(1.27 flies per cage).Musca domestica was the dominant species,and the peak period was from June to August.The average cockroach infestation rate was 3.70%.The cockroach infestation rate was the highest in restaurants,residential areas and supermarkets(all were 6.09%).The dominant cockroach species was Blattella germanica,and with no obvious seasonality.There were significant differences in rodent density and cockroach infestation rate among different habitats(H=13.61,P＜0.05;H=14.58,P＜0.05),but no significant differences in mosquito and fly density among different habitats(P＞0.05).Conclusions The densities of four vectors are low in Beibei District,Chongqing,but there is still a risk of vector-borne diseases transmission.It is recommended to adopt comprehensive control measures focusing on environmental management,and to continuously control the density of vectors at insufficient levels.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the monitoring of host animals and vectors in the natural plague focus of Golmud,Qinghai from 2006 to 2023,and explore the epidemic trend of animal plague,so as to provide prediction and early warning for the occurrence of animal plague in this area.Methods According to the National Plague Surveillance Program,the host animals and vectors collected from the natural plague foci in Golmud were identified,the serum of the host animals was tested for immunology,and the data were described and analyzed by Excel 2010 software.Results The cumulative monitoring area of Marmota himalayana was 37 020 hm2 from 2006 to 2023,with an average density of 0.05 animals/hm2,and there were 6 years with a higher density than the average.The seasonal fluctuation of M.himalayana was obvious,with the lowest density in May(only 0.03 animals/hm2),and higher density in summer and autumn(0.05 animals/hm2 from June to September).A total of 1 994 living M.himalayana were detected,and 174 fleas were collected,belonging to 2 families,3 genera and 3 species.The average flea infection rate was 4.86%and the average flea index was 0.087.There were 5 years with a higher flea infection rate than the average.The seasonal fluctuation of the average flea infection rate in rodents was obvious,with a higher rate in summer and autumn.A total of 3 050 small rodents were captured,belonging to 2 orders,2 families,4 genera,4 species,with an average capture rate of 6.62%.Ochotona alpina was the dominant species.2 994 Ochotona alpina were detected,of which 73 rodents with fleas.The average flea infection rate was 2.44%,the average flea index was 0.03.80 fleas were captured,belonging to 4 families,4 genera and 4 species.Amphalius clarus was the dominant flea species.4 375 serum samples were detected,with a positive rate of 0.16%.Conclusions The density of the main host animal,M.himalayana,and the capture rate of small rodents in Golmud were both high.It is necessary to alert to the occurrence of animal plague,strengthen animal plague surveillance,and improve prediction and early warning capabilities.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the population composition,seasonal fluctuation of vectors(rodents,mosquitoes,flies,cockroaches)at a railway station in Chengdu,so as to provide a reference basis for vector control in large-scale transportation hubs.Methods Rodents,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches were monitored by night trapping,light trapping,cage trapping and sticky trapping methods,respectively.Results The capture rate of rodents was 1.92%,and the dominant species was Rattus norvegicus.The average density of mosquitoes was 1.77 female mosquitoes/(light·night),and the dominant species was Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus.The average density of files was 43.08 files per cage.The top three fly species captured in number were 685 Chrysomyia megacephala,accounting for 33.12%,578 Lucilia sericata,accounting for 27.95%,and 403 Muscina stabulans,accounting for 19.49%.The average density of cockroaches was 1.67 cockroaches/sheet,the sticky trapping rate was 9.44%,and the dominant species was Blattella germanica.Conclusions Railway stations are high-risk areas for vector-borne diseases.Targeted measures should be taken based on the population distribution of vectors to enhance prevention and control,and reduce risks to human health.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the regional distribution characteristics,rodent species composition,habitat distribution characteristics,and seasonal fluctuation in Zhejiang Province in 2023,so as to provide suggestions and basis for scientific implementation of rodent control measures in Zhejiang Province.Methods In 2023,surveillance was set up in 11 cities(Hangzhou,Ningbo,Wenzhou,Jiaxing,Huzhou,Shaoxing,Jinhua,Quzhou,Zhoushan,Taizhou,Lishui)in Zhejiang Province,with monitoring sites including three types of habitats:urban residential areas,rural residential areas,and key industry areas.Rodent density was monitored by the night-snap trapping method,rodent cages method or sticky boards method.The statistical analysis was performed by using R 4.0.2 software,with Chi-square tests conducted for inter-group differences and composition ratios.Results In 2023,a total of 374 213 effective rodent traps were set up in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province,with a total of 1 548 rodents caught,resulting in an average rodent density of 0.4%.There were significant difference in rodent density among cities(χ2=1 634.870,P＜0.001),with Wenzhou(1.64%)having significantly higher rodent densities than other cities.The dominant rodent species in Zhejiang Province in 2023 were Rattus norvegicus(35.66%).The rodent density in different habitats in Zhejiang Province in 2023 was rural residential areas(0.47%)＞key industry areas(0.42%)＞urban residential areas(0.35%)(χ2=22.093,P＜0.001).There were significant differences in rodent density among months(χ2=78.726,P＜0.001),with a bimodal distribution.Conclusions The average rodent density in Zhejiang Province in 2023 was 0.41%,among which R.norvegicus was widely distributed in all habitats,and the density of rodents in rural residential areas was relatively high in the three habitats,and Apodemus agrarius was mainly found in rural residential areas.

Abstract:Objective To study the density and species composition of flies in Longchang from 2020 to 2024,so as to provide a reference for scientific control.Methods From 2020 to 2024,the surveillance of flies was carried out in the farmers'market,catering surroundings,green belts and residential areas in Longchang by using cage trapping method.One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences between groups.Results From 2020 to 2024,a total of 1 301 flies were captured in Longchang,and identified as belonging to 12 species,10 genera and 4 families.The domain fly species were Muscina stabulans(accounting for 42.30%),Musca domestica(accounting for 16.10%),Boettcherisca peregrina(accounting for 12.50%),and Lucilia sericata(accounting for 11.00%).The average annual density of flies was 5.91 flies/cage.Higher fly densities were occurred annually in May,peaking at 36.60 flies/cage in May 2022.Fly density was relatively lower in the second half of the year.The species composition and densities varied among different habitats.Conclusions The fly density in Longchang is relatively high in May.Flies should be controlled based on the trend of fly density and the breeding conditions of different habitats,combined with physical and chemical measures,including strengthening environmental management improvement,promoting fly prevention facilities,such as fly killing lamps and fly sticks.