Abstract:Based on the hexagram evolution theory of"Water and Fire in Harmony"(Ji Ji)and"Before Completion"(Wei Ji)from the Book of Changes,the theoretical foundation and diagnostic characteristics of eye acupuncture therapy for treating insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony can be systematically explained.Traditional Chinese Medicine holds that the Ji Ji hexagram symbolizes the physiological norm of heart-kidney interaction,while the Wei Ji hexagram corresponds to the pathological state of heart-kidney dissociation.The core of this disharmony lies in the abnormal ascending and descending of the true yang in Kan(kidney)and the true yin in Li(heart).The harmonious interaction between the heart and kidney relies on the pivotal transportation and transformation of the spleen and stomach in the middle jiao,as well as the coordinated regulation of the liver and lung.According to the specific mechanisms of imbalance between water and fire,yin and yang,insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony can be systematically categorized into the following four patterns:dysregulation between the supremacy and ministerial fire,with floating fire and cold water;deficiency of heart and kidney yang,leading to disorientation of the spirit;deficiency of water and excess of fire,failing to restrain upward disturbance;exhaustion of fundamental vitality,resulting in floating deficiency yang.Eye acupuncture therapy,centered on the principle of"Harmonizing Kan and Li",primarily selects the heart-small intestine area corresponding to the Li hexagram and the kidney-bladder area corresponding to the Kan hexagram within the Later Heaven Eight Trigrams division.By stimulating the true yang in Kan and nourishing the true yin in Li,it promotes the transformation from"Wei Ji"to"Ji Ji".Additionally,flexible combinations with areas such as the spleen-stomach,liver-gallbladder,and lung-large intestine are employed to strengthen the pivotal function,regulate qi movement,and unblock pathways.This restores the dynamic balance of water,fire,yin,and yang between the heart and kidney,ultimately achieving the therapeutic goal of"harmonizing water and fire,calming the spirit to restore peaceful sleep".

Abstract:Threatened abortion is a common gynecological condition that often leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes.This condition is closely related to dysfunction of the spleen and kidneys.The"concentric circle"model in traditional Chinese medicine vividly illustrates the relationship between the mother and the fetus:the outer circle represents the mother,while the inner circle represents the fetus;the spleen is located at the center of the model,belonging to the inner circle,while the kidneys are situated in the outer circle,belonging to the outer circle.This theory posits that the key pathogenesis of threatened abortion lies in the incoordination between spleen and kidney functions.This model not only visually represents the hierarchical structure of the maternal-fetal relationship but also provides profound insights for treatment.Shoutai Pills combined with Taiyuan Drink is a classic formula for treating threatened abortion.It functions to replenish qi and blood,nourish the liver and kidneys,and,by strengthening the spleen and kidneys and harmonizing qi and blood,achieves the effect of stabilizing and preventing miscarriage.This aligns closely with the"concentric circle"theory's emphasis on the harmony between the spleen and kidneys ensuring the well-being of both mother and fetus.Therefore,based on the"concentric circle"theory,this paper delves into the application of Shoutai Pills combined with Taiyuan Drink in the treatment of threatened abortion,supported by a clinical case for validation.

Abstract:Ovulatory dysfunction is one of the primary clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and a key cause of infertility in PCOS patients.Based on the"One Qi Circulation"theory and integrating Professor Wang Xin's years of clinical experience,this study elucidates the etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS-related ovulatory dysfunction from the perspectives of each link in the flow of qi,such as coldness of Gui Water(Kidney Water),stagnation of Middle Qi,impaired regulation of Yi Wood(Liver Wood),difficulty in purification of Xin Metal(Lung Metal),and upward flaming of Ding Fire(Heart Fire).Furthermore,it summarizes the treatment experience,proposing the principle of warming Kidney Water while simultaneously nourishing and harmonizing the ascending and descending functions of the Spleen Earth.From the perspective of the"One Qi Circulation"theory,the treatment strategies are discussed in detail:first,focusing on regulating the central axis to improve follicle quality;second,subduing Ding Fire to warm Gui Water,thereby promoting follicle maturation and ovulation;and finally,emphasizing the regulation of Metal and Wood at both ends of the central axis to induce ovulation.These approaches have shown significant clinical efficacy and are worthy of reference.A clinical case is included for further guidance.

Abstract:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly malignant tumor characterized by insidious onset,difficulties in early diagnosis,and high mortality rates,which seriously affects patients'quality of life and survival.Curcumin,a polyphenolic compound extracted from the rhizome of the traditional Chinese herb turmeric,is widely used in food processing and healthcare.In recent years,with increasing research on curcumin,its application in the treatment of HCC has attracted widespread attention.Curcumin can suppress inflammatory activity in liver cancer,induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through multiple pathways,inhibit abnormal intratumoral angiogenesis,and demonstrate effective antiviral pharmacological effects against hepatitis virus.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the research on curcumin against liver cancer,aiming to provide valuable references for basic research,drug development,and clinical applications of curcumin in the treatment of HCC.

Abstract:The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1(TRPA1)channel,a member of the transient receptor potential(TRP)channel superfamily,is widely expressed in various cell types and implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases.It holds significant potential value in traditional Chinese medicine research.This article reviews recent advances in the study of TRPA1 channels within the field of traditional Chinese medicine.TRPA1 is involved in the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicinal herbs on multiple disorders,which can be broadly categorized as follows:pain-related conditions such as neuropathic pain,visceral pain,irritable bowel syndrome,intestinal inflammation,chronic pancreatitis,migraine,and diabetic neuropathy;diseases associated with"cold pathogen"in traditional Chinese medicine theory,including knee osteoarthritis and asthma;as well as various other diseases such as cough,cardiovascular diseases,gastric cancer,and atopic dermatitis.Furthermore,studies have revealed that numerous traditional Chinese medicine formulations—including Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang,Danggui Sini Tang,Wuzhuyu Tang,and Lizhong Wan—can modulate the TRPA1 signaling pathway.The TRPA1 channel not only helps elucidate pathological mechanisms of diseases but also provides new avenues for researching the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine formulas.With ongoing in-depth investigations,the TRP family is expected to offer novel research perspectives on the mechanistic basis of traditional Chinese medicine therapies,unveiling both their modes of action and more efficient therapeutic pathways.

Abstract:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a heterogeneous lung disease characterized by airflow restriction,with a high global incidence rate and mortality.Metabolomics technology provides a new research perspective for the pathogenesis,staging diagnosis,and treatment of COPD by analyzing small molecule metabolites.By reviewing the application progress of metabolomics technology in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)and stable phase of COPD,this study explores the differences in metabolic levels and potential biomarkers at different stages.Numerous studies have shown that AECOPD patients mainly exhibit significant disturbances in amino acid metabolism(such as tryptophan and branched chain amino acids)and lipid metabolism(such as lysophosphatidylcholine),while stable phase patients mainly exhibit abnormalities in energy metabolism and lipid metabolism.In addition,modern drugs(such as bronchodilators and melatonin)and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions(such as Qingre Huatan Recipe and Liuwei Buqi Capsule)play a therapeutic role by regulating metabolic pathways.Non drug treatments(such as acupuncture and moxibustion)also show the potential to improve metabolic disorders.The combination of metabolomics technology and traditional Chinese medicine not only provides scientific basis for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment of COPD,but also promotes the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.Further large-scale studies are needed in the future to validate the specificity of metabolic markers and explore novel treatment strategies.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE)on cognitive function in uremic rats and its underlying mechanism.Methods Thirty male rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=6 per group):normal control(NC)group,uremic model(UC)group,low-dose GSPE(L-GSPE)group,medium-dose GSPE(M-GSPE)group,and high-dose GSPE(H-GSPE)group.The uremic rat model was established via 5/6 nephrectomy.The learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed using the Morris water maze test.The protein expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in the hippocampal tissue were measured by Western blot analysis.Results Compared with the UC group,the average escape latency was significantly shortened(P＜0.05)and the number of platform crossings was significantly increased(P＜0.05)in both the M-GSPE and H-GSPE groups.Furthermore,the protein expression levels of p-ERK,Nrf2,and HO-1 in the hippocampus were significantly up-regulated.Conclusion This study confirms that GSPE can ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in uremic rats,potentially by activating the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Abstract:Anal fistula,as a common and anorectal disease,seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Establishing a pharmacological model of anal fistula that conforms to clinical characteristics is crucial for exploring effective treatment methods and evaluating drug efficacy.However,preparing an anal fistula model that conforms to clinical characteristics is complex.This article reviews the research progress on anal fistula models in the past decade,aiming to provide reference for the preparation of pharmacological evaluation models for anal fistula treatment.The healing of anal fistula wounds faces many challenges.Through a comprehensive exposition of the wound healing mechanism and in-depth analysis of the possible mechanisms involved,including inflammatory response,cell proliferation and differentiation,extracellular matrix remodeling,etc.Briefly summarize the current research status of anal fistula models,objectively evaluate their advantages and limitations in simulating the pathological and physiological processes of diseases,in order to lay the foundation for further optimization of anal fistula models,in-depth study of their mechanisms of action,and development of new treatment strategies in the future.

Abstract:Objective This study aims to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of Ganmai Dazao Decoction(GMDZD)in treating depression based on network pharmacology and machine learning,providing a scientific basis for modern research on traditional Chinese medicine.Methods Active ingredients and their targets of GMDZD were screened using databases such as TCMSP( HERB( expressed genes related to depression were obtained from the GEO database( GSE98793,GSE19738,and GSE44593.Core genes were identified using Random Forest and LASSO regression methods,and a drug-component-target network was constructed.Key pathways were revealed through gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses.A transcription factor-miRNA regulatory network and immune infiltration analysis were used to explore its immunomodulatory mechanisms.Results A total of 117 active ingredients(e.g.,quercetin,stigmasterol)and 126 overlapping targets were identified.Core targets including ADORA3,APH1B,and PLAU(AUC＞0.5)were found to exert therapeutic effects by regulating pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and signal transduction.In terms of biological processes,the targets were mainly involved in response to external stimuli,hormone metabolic processes,and steroid metabolic processes.Cellular component analysis highlighted membrane rafts,membrane microdomains,and plasma membrane rafts.Molecular function analysis indicated involvement in G-protein coupled amine receptor activity and neurotransmitter receptor activity.Immune analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between APH1B and immune cells such as neutrophils and M0 macrophages.Conclusion GMDZD may ameliorate depression through multi-target mechanisms involving the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters and the immune microenvironment.The interaction between its core components and targets provides a theoretical basis for subsequent experimental validation and drug development.

Abstract:Studies have shown that depression,as a multifactorial psychiatric condition,has complex etiology and pathogenesis involving multiple biological processes such as genetics,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and substance transport and metabolism.Currently,the clinical diagnosis of depression primarily relies on phenotypic symptoms,with a lack of reliable diagnostic criteria and objective biological basis at the levels of imaging and biomolecules.Biomarkers,serving as physicochemical indicators of structural or functional changes in cells or tissues,hold significant potential for elucidating the mechanisms of depression,aiding in predictive diagnosis,and assessing treatment prognosis.In recent years,advancements in experimental technologies and bioinformatics have provided platforms and approaches for omics analysis to explore depression-related biomarkers across different dimensions.The integration of multi-omics data,through mutual validation and complementation,offers the possibility to systematically uncover the biological processes underlying depression.Therefore,this review aims to summarize recent research progress in the analysis of depression-related biomarkers using omics technologies.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the mechanism of Xiaoqinglong Decoction,Maxinfu Decoction combined with Yupingfeng Powder in treating allergic rhinitis(AR)by observing their effects on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in AR rats based on the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods Ninety clean-grade healthy male Wistar rats(weight 200-240 g)were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The rats were divided into nine groups(10 rats per group)using a randomized block design according to body weight:blank control group,AR model control group,pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ammonium(PDTC)intervention group,Forskolin intervention group,H89 dihydrochloride intervention group,loratadine treatment group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose groups of Xiaoqinglong Decoction,Maxinfu Decoction combined with Yupingfeng Powder.The AR model was established by systemic sensitization with ovalbumin followed by local challenge.The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the nasal mucosa of each group were measured.Experimental data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software.Results Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly elevated in the AR model control group.Compared with the model control group,the Forskolin intervention group,PDTC intervention group,and all dose groups of Xiaoqinglong Decoction,Maxinfu Decoction combined with Yupingfeng Powder significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels(P＜0.05).In contrast,the H89 intervention group significantly increased the levels of these inflammatory factors(P＜0.05).Compared with the low-dose group,the medium-and high-dose groups showed more significant reductions in TNF-α and IL-1β levels,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Xiaoqinglong Decoction,Maxinfu Decoction combined with Yupingfeng Powder may exert therapeutic effects on AR by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway,activating the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway,and reducing TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the nasal mucosa.The efficacy is dose-dependent,with medium-and high-dose groups showing superior effects to the low-dose group,reflecting the dose-response relationship in traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

Abstract:Rice swill is a liquid filtered out during the second rice washing process,which has the effect of"strengthening the spleen and reducing dryness"in traditional Chinese medicine.It has high application value as an auxiliary ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine processing.However,systematic research on the preparation of auxiliary materials such as rice swill is still insufficient at present.This study provides a review of the preparation process and quality standards of rice swill,applicable processing varieties,and its impact on the chemical composition and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine,aiming to provide reference for its deep development.Research has shown that the processing of rice swill can significantly affect the chemical composition and pharmacological efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.Therefore,it is recommended to conduct systematic research on the quality standards of auxiliary rice,related traditional Chinese medicine processing techniques and processing mechanisms,further study the relationship between the pharmacological substance basis of medicinal materials before and after processing and the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine,deepen the exploration of molecular mechanisms and clinical applications before and after rice swill processing,clarify the scientific connotation of rice swill processing,and provide a foundation for the expansion and scientific application of rice swill processing in the future.

Abstract:In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,"innate essence"is the material basis for the occurrence,development and repair of the human body,and the basis for maintaining life activities.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)are a subgroup of stem cells in the bone marrow with multiple differentiation potential.Although the two theories are different,they both explain the basic life laws of human growth,development and reproduction,suggesting that"congenital essence"and BMMSCs are theoretically homologous,highly similar in physiological function,similar in pathophysiological transformation process,and accompanied by aging mechanism,which can be used as the entry point for TCM intervention in BMMSCs differentiation and treatment of osteoporosis.At the same time,based on the homologous relationship between the two,the study of"tonifying kidney and filling essence"intervention in bone differentiation of BMMSCs to prevent osteoporosis was discussed,and the clinical research mechanism of preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis by tonifying kidney and filling essence was proposed based on the"theory of the mutual use of Yin and Yang".Based on the review of relevant studies,this paper reviewed the progress of research on the homologous relationship between congenital essence and BMMSCs,and further explored the relevant mechanism of"supplementing kidney essence"in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis to improve its clinical application value and provide new ideas for the study of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Abstract:Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of individualized comprehensive therapy in the treatment of interstitial lung disease(ILD)(pulmonary obstruction with mild obstruction).Methods 200 patients with interstitial lung disease(ILD)treated at Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group,with 100 patients in each group.The control group took orally Bailing capsules.The treatment group was an individualized comprehensive treatment group,namely oral Chinese medicine decoction,acupuncture and moxibustion treatment,lung disease viscera massage treatment,aerobic exercise training,external counterpulsation treatment,and Yangqigong Baduanjin training.Both treatment cycles are one month.Observe changes in symptom scores,pulmonary function tests,6-minute walking distance test(6MWT),COPD assessment test(CAT)scores,and saturation of peripheral oxygen(SpO2).Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 92%(92/100),which was higher than the control group's 78%(78/100)(P<0.05).The treatment group showed significantly higher symptom scores,lung function tests,6MWT test,CAT scores,and SpO2 compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Individualized comprehensive therapy has a significant effect on the treatment of ILD(Pulmonary Bi Xie Micro Bi Delay),and is an effective treatment method with an undeniable role.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the mechanism of MCC950 reducing Tau protein in Alzheimer's disease model by inhibiting mitochondrial pyruvate carrier(MPC).Methods SH-SY5Y cells were induced by gonadic acid(20 nmol/L),supplemented with UK5099(1 μmol/L),and the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells was detected by CCK8 method.The expressions of AT-8 was determined by immunofluorescence method.Active oxygen species was determined by DCFH-DA method.Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by Rho 123.The expression levels of MPC and IL-1β were determined by Western blot.The levels of NLRP3,IL-1β and IL-18 were determined by ELISA.Results MCC950 had a protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells at 10 μmol/L concentration(P<0.01).It could increase the mitochondrial membrane potential,decrease the production of reactive oxygen species,and inhibit the expression of AT-8,Tau-5,IL-18,IL-1β and MPC(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but it had no signicant inhibitory effect on NLRP3.Conclusion MCC950 can reduce the expression of inflammasome and inhibit Tau hyperphosphorylation in okada-induced SH-SY5Y cells.The mechanism is related to inhibiting mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and improving mitochondrial function.

Abstract:Sarcopenia,an age-related condition characterized by the progressive decline in skeletal muscle quality and strength,significantly impacts the health and quality of life of older individuals.Recently,the emergence of ferroptosis,a novel form of cell death,has garnered widespread attention.Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that relies on iron and lipid peroxidation processes,closely associated with the development of sarcopenia.Disruptions in iron metabolism,lipid peroxidation,amino acid imbalances,and other pathways are identified as significant contributors to sarcopenia onset.Notably,the roles of iron overload,ROS accumulation,and the modulation of the System Xc-/GSH/GPX4 axis and NADPH/FSP1/CoQ10 pathways are crucial in maintaining cellular redox balance and preventing lipid peroxidation.Additionally,the connection between muscle mass reduction,weakness,sarcopenia,and the impact of chronic illnesses on sarcopenia cannot be overlooked.This paper reviews the mechanism of ferroptosis in sarcopenia,emphasizing the need for further investigations to identify key regulatory pathways of ferroptosis for the discovery of new therapeutic targets and effective intervention strategies.

Abstract:Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is an autoimmune disease with synovial inflammation as the basic pathological change,and the main clinical symptom is symmetric polyarthritis,often accompanied by organ involvement,which can lead to disability or even a crisis in the patient's life.The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is a kind of important intracellular signaling pathway,which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is an important intracellular signaling pathway that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.The efficacy of Chinese medicine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is precise,characterized by multi-pathway,multi-target,multi-component and few toxic side effects.In recent years,a large number of studies have confirmed that TCM monomers and combinations play an important role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the JAK-STAT pathway,activating signaling pathways to control inflammation,reducing vascular neogenesis,inducing apoptosis and autophagy of synovial fibroblasts,and inhibiting their proliferation,invasion,and migration.Therefore,this article reviews the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and its role in rheumatoid arthritis,and summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in treating rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway,with a view to providing the theoretical basis for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the development of new drugs.

Abstract:Objective To optimize the extraction process of Taohong Siwu Decoction compound preparation,ensuring consistency in composition and efficacy with traditional decoction.Methods By establishing HPLC characteristic spectra,the content and extract amount of five indicator components(amygdalin,paeoniflorin,hydroxysafflor yellow A,ferulic acid,and ligustilide)were determined,and the extraction effects of eight different extraction processes were compared.The 8 processes include:traditional decoction method(process 1),distillation of volatile oil and merging of residual liquid(process 2),secondary reflux method(process 3),traditional decoction method after volatile oil extraction(process 4),direct steam heating extraction method(process 5),70%ethanol reflux method(process 6),50%ethanol ultrasonic method(process 7),and 90%ethanol water extraction method(process 8).Results Taking process one as a reference,the similarity of feature maps between process two and process four is higher than 0.95,and there is no significant difference in the content and output of the five indicators in statistics;The similarity of the feature map of process three is 0.973,but the amount of paste produced significantly increases and there is a phenomenon of material swelling;The similarity between the feature maps of Process 5 and Process 8 is about 0.7.The content and paste output of the four indicator components in Process 5 have decreased,while the five indicator components in Process 8 have slightly increased,which may be related to the duration of heating;The similarity between the feature maps of process six and seven is relatively low,and the content and output of the five indicator components are significantly reduced.Conclusion Process four performs the best in retaining the content of volatile and indicator components,and is considered the optimal extraction process.

Abstract:Objective This study aims to use R language data mining technology to analyze in depth the prescription and medication rules of Professor MI Ziliang,the first famous traditional Chinese medicine practitioner in China,in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).The aim is to provide scientific basis for the clinical treatment of CAG and the development of traditional Chinese medicine.Methods Collect outpatient medical records of Professor MI Ziliang's treatment of CAG,and use Rstudio software and Excel for data processing.Perform association rule analysis using Apriori algorithm,calculate Pearson correlation coefficient between drugs using corrplot function,and visualize using corrplot package.In addition,using the circlize package to draw clustering heatmaps,the frequency of drug use and its interrelationships can be revealed,thereby analyzing the medication patterns in prescriptions.Results A total of 1232 prescriptions were included in the study,covering 276 types of traditional Chinese medicine.High frequency drugs mainly focus on tonifying deficiency,resolving phlegm,digesting food,regulating qi,etc.The drug's taste is mainly bitter,spicy,and warm,and it is mostly classified in the liver,lung,spleen,and stomach meridians.Cluster analysis revealed six potential core foundational factors.Conclusion Professor MI Ziliang uses tonifying,resolving phlegm,digesting food,and regulating qi drugs in the clinical treatment of CAG to specifically address the pathogenesis of spleen and stomach weakness,liver qi stagnation,etc.The aim is to harmonize organ function,promote qi and blood biochemistry,effectively improve symptoms,and reduce the risk of gastric cancer.The research results provide valuable medication references for the clinical treatment of CAG.

Abstract:Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease with symmetrical involvement of small joints in clinical practice.Its course is long and the prognosis is poor.Late stage patients may experience joint deformities and organ damage,seriously affecting their quality of life.Traditional Chinese medicine classifies it as Bi syndrome,which belongs to the category of deficiency of the root and deficiency of the target.Medical practitioners often believe that liver and kidney deficiency is the root,ignoring the deficiency of spleen in the middle burner and the lack of solid qi defense.Therefore,this article analyzes the theoretical connotation of"the spleen as the defender"and believes that it is a highly summarized theory of the spleen's ability to regulate and defend,which is closely related to the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.In the process of rheumatoid arthritis,the intrinsic pathogenesis of"spleen deficiency of defense"includes the generation of dampness,excessive thinking,and the accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis;The lack of solid qi and the invasion of wind cold and dampness pathogens into the body are external causes.Based on this,in the treatment,we should treat both the symptoms and the root causes,strengthen the spleen and replenish qi,strengthen the protection of qi to treat the root cause,remove dampness,regulate emotions,remove phlegm and remove blood stasis to treat the symptoms,and select Zusanli and Yinlingquan for acupuncture and moxibustion to enhance the function of the spleen and stomach.In summary,this article explores the etiology,pathogenesis,and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis from the perspective of"spleen as the defense",aiming to provide ideas and methods for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in traditional Chinese medicine.