Abstract:Cardiovascular metabolic diseases(CMD)are currently the major public health problems in China.Traditional risk factors and intestinal flora imbalance jointly drive its occurrence and development.This review focuses on the core role of the"diet-gut microbiota axis",improving the microbiota structure through dietary intervention,influencing the production of short-chain fatty acids and other metabolites,thereby repairing intestinal barrier function,reducing inflammatory responses,improving host glycolipid metabolism disorders,and delaying the progression of CMD,which provides new ideas for disease prevention and treatment.

Abstract:Cardiometabolic diseases pose a serious threat to human health and have become a major public health issue in China.By integrating genomics,metabolomics,imaging,electronic health records,and real-time data from smart monitoring devices,artificial intelligence overcomes the limitations of traditional single-dimensional analysis and enables the construction of personalized dynamic models.This offers significant opportunities for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases.From early warning,screening,and diagnosis to optimization of treatment strategies,AI leverages digital monitoring and management systems to develop personalized approaches,identify disease risks,predict disease onset,and achieve early intervention.This article explores and summarizes the current applications and future prospects of artificial intelligence in the field of cardiometabolic diseases,aiming to uncover new pathways for AI in disease prevention and control.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation between ketosis episodes and lipid-related parameters in patients with newly-onset ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes(KPT2DM),and further assess the impact of ketosis episodes on AS risk.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 157 subjects with newly-onset diabetes,who visited Northern Theater Command General Hospital for treatment from Jan.2022 to Oct.2023,including 87 subjects in KPT2DM group and 70 in T2DM group.Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured in all subjects.Calculate the atherogenic index of plasma(AIP)by traditional lipid parameters.Results The AIP level(P=0.048)and the percentage of AIP ≥ 0.24(P=0.047)in subjects with KPT2DM were higher than those in subjects with T2DM,and the differences were statistically significant.In the KPT2DM group,plasma ketones were positively correlated with AIP(P=0.016).Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that plasma ketone(OR=1.491,P=0.048)was an important related factor for the AS in subjects with KPT2DM.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that plasma ketone had significantly positive correlation with AIP(β=0.201,P-0.045).Conclusion Ketosis episodes in patients with KPT2DM are significantly and positively associated with elevated AIP levels.Frequent ketosis episodes may accelerate the progression of AS.

Abstract:Cardiometabolic diseases(CMD)have emerged as a major global public health challenge,whose pathogenesis is complicated,including insulin resistance,chronic inflammation,and vascular dysfunction.Exercise,as a non-pharmacological intervention with the advantage of multiple targets,has demonstrated significant efficacy in preventing and managing CMD in a comprehensive pathway.This article elaborates on the physiological mechanisms underlying exercise-mediated CMD and the clinical efficacy of various exercise modalities,and outlines principles of developing individualized exercise prescriptions guided by cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)and implementation strategies.It also explores real-world challenges in adherence,healthcare resource distribution,and precision management.Based on the recent advances in digital health technologies and precision rehabilitation,it is proposed to establish a multidiscipline-integrated,technology-enabled,and policy-supported comprehensive-pathway closed-loop management framework.Exercise is not only a component of a healthy lifestyle but also an effective therapeutic strategy with"multi-target and comprehensive pathway"benefits for improving outcomes in patients with CMD.It should be further established as a standard intervention pathway in prevention and control of chronic diseases.

Abstract:Visceral adipose tissue has emerged as a critical factor in cardiometabolic diseases,yet its role remains underrecognized in current prevention and management system.Conventional approaches often regard blood pressure,glucose,and lipid levels as the core factors,neglecting abnormal fat distribution as an upstream risk factor.The main barrier to visceral adipose tissue management is not the lack of diagnostic tools but insufficient awareness of risk recognition and proactive evaluation.Strengthening physician education and training,promoting the use of visceral adiposity indices and imaging-based perirenal fat assessment,and advancing development of novel diagnosis,medicines and devices targeting visceral adipose tissue may enhance early detection and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.The patients with abdominal obesity,normal-weight obesity,or metabolic abnormalities without typical conventional indicators should undergo routine visceral adipose tissue-related risk evaluation and management.

Abstract:Panvascular disease(95％of which is atherosclerosis)is the most common cause of death among Chinese residents,accounting for over 40％of all deaths.Metabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia,abnormal glucose metabolism,hypertension,overweight,and obesity play an important role in the occurrence,development,and prognosis of panvascular disease.Metabolic abnormalities require comprehensive management and combined target achievement,including adopting a healthy lifestyle,using statins as the foundation and combining with other lipid-lowering drugs when necessary to achieve LDL-C targets;GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors are preferred for glucose-lowering therapy,blood pressure-lowering treatment should target at 130/80 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),and an ideal body mass index(18.5-23.9 kg/m2)should be maintained.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical and etiological characteristics of patients with pyogenic liver abscess(PLA).Methods The clinical data of 195 patients with PLA whose liver pus culture results were positive in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2013 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the etiology of liver abscess,the patients were divided into a group of Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess(KPLA)and a group of non-Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess(NKPLA),and the clinical differences between the two groups were compared.Results Among the 195 patients with PLA,146 were male and 49 were female;the male to female ratio was 1.0∶0.3.The age ranged from 2 to 89 years,with a mean age of(53.6±13.5)years.The most common underlying disease of PLA was diabetes mellitus,accounting for 55.9％(109/195),followed by liver and biliary system diseases,accounting for 30.8％(60/195).The main pathogenic bacteria of liver pus culture in 195 PLA patients were Kleptococcus pneumoniae(KP),accounting for 78.5％(153/195),followed by Escherichia coli,accounting for 12.8％(25/195).Of the 195 PLA patients,97.4％(190/195)were discharged after treatment,2.1％(4/195)gave up treatment due to deteriorated condition and were discharged,and 0.5％(1/195)died in hospital.The rate of combination with diabetes mellitus and the infection rate of extrahepatic metastasis in KPLA group were higher than those in NKPLA group(both P＜0.05),and patients in NKPLA group had higher rate of combination with liver and biliary tract diseases,bile duct calculus,history of hepatobiliary surgery and malignant tumors than the patients in NKPLA group(all P＜0.05).A total of 153 strains of Kleysiella pneumoniae were detected in 195 patients,of which 145 strains underwent complete drug susceptibility test and 8 strains did not.The results showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to most antimicrobials,but with poor sensitivity to piperacillin,and was 100％resistant to ampicillin.Twenty-five strains of Escherichia coli were detected,of which 21 completed drug susceptibility test and 4 did not.The results showed that Escherichia coli was highly sensitive to cephalosporins and carbapenems,and highly resistant to quinolones and penicillins.Conclusion In the past decade,Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main pathogenic bacteria of PLA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,followed by Escherichia coli.No carbapenem-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli have been found.

Abstract:Dyslipidemia,as a central pathological factor in cardiometabolic diseases,is intricately associated with multiple disorders including hypertension,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and coronary heart disease.This article systematically reviews the potential mechanisms by which lipid abnormalities contribute to cardiometabolic diseases,such as endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory activation,and highlights evidence from Mendelian randomization studies confirming causal relationships between lipid levels and cardiovascular events.In T2DM,dyslipidemia and insulin resistance form a bidirectional vicious cycle,with altered lipoprotein particle profiles substantially increasing residual cardiovascular risk,particularly in patients with concomitant hypertension.Although current lipid-lowering therapies,such as statins,have markedly reduced cardiovascular burden,significant residual risk persists under guideline-directed management.This has prompted the exploration of novel therapeutic targets:proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)inhibitors,lipoprotein(a)regulators,and pro-resolving lipid mediators,all of which hold translational potential.Furthermore,lipid variability has been identified as an independent determinant of cardiovascular outcomes beyond average lipid levels,underscoring the importance of long-term stability in lipid management.Combined lipid-lowering strategies-such as statins plus fibrates-and individualized treatment goals,including the comprehensive regulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),triglycerides,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),represent key directions for therapeutic optimization in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes.Future studies should integrate lipidomic technologies to identify sensitive molecular biomarkers for precision interventions and address the treatment problems in specific populations,such as statin-intolerant patients,in order to further alleviate the global burden of cardiometabolic diseases.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation of monoamine oxidase(MAO),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio(NHR)with coronary heart disease(CHD),and to explore whether they are associated with the severity of coronary artery lesions.Methods Totally 617 patients who underwent coronary angiography in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from July 2022 to December 2023 were included,and they were divided into two groups:451 cases in the CHD group and 166 cases in the non-CHD group.Differences in MAO,MLR,NLR,and NHR were compared between the two groups.The CHD group was further divided according to the Gensini scoring standard.The correlation between Gensini score and MAO,MLR,NLR,NHR was analyzed to assess their relationship with the severity of coronary artery lesions.Results Patients in the CHD group had higher levels of MAO,MLR,NLR,and NHR than those in the non-CHD group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted on the statistically significant indicators of the two groups,and the results showed that the two indicators had statistical differences:MLR(OR=1.05,95％CI 1.03-1.07,P＜0.001),and MAO(OR=1.70,95％CI 1.48-1.94,P＜0.001).Among the groups divided by different Gensini scores,the group with the highest score had higher NHR(4.97)and MAO(6.10 U/L)than the group with the lowest score[NHR(4.07),MAO(5.09 U/L)],and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion MLR and MAO have certain predictive value for the occurrence of CHD.Among groups with different Gensini scores,NHR and MAO are associated with the severity of coronary artery lesions.

Abstract:Salt sensitive hypertension is a type of hypertension in which blood pressure significantly increases under a high salt diet,and is an important risk factor for heart and kidney target organ damage and cardiovascular death.Its prevention and control are of great significance in the context of high salt diet in China.The gold standard for clinical diagnosis is acute and chronic salt load tests,but the former has poor reproducibility and a risk of adverse reactions,while the latter is cumbersome and time-consuming,both of which are difficult to apply in clinical practice.This article elaborates on the clinical diagnostic methods,influencing factors,clinical characteristics,current intervention management methods,as well as potential new intervention targets and research directions for salt sensitive hypertension.It is hoped that this can help further deepen the clinical management concept and increase the diagnosis and treatment level of salt sensitive hypertension.

Abstract:Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly and one of the leading causes of disability and death in this population.It is characterized by a high prevalence and disability rate,imposing a substantial burden on patients,their families,and society.The key to prevention and treatment of AD lies in early warning,early diagnosis,and early intervention.Neuroimaging examinations serve as one of the most important tools for early warning and early diagnosis.This article summarizes the use of multimodal cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and positron emission tomography(PET)in the early diagnosis of AD,and discusses emerging trends,interdisciplinary integration,and future research priorities,with the goal of advancing the role of neuroimaging in the precision diagnosis and management of AD.

Abstract:Multimorbidity refers to the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases within a single individual and can be classified based on disease cluster patterns.Differences in demographic,socioeconomic,and lifestyle factors are major risk contributors to multimorbidity.Importantly,multimorbidity substantially increases the risk of dementia.Certain multimorbidity patterns,such as cardiometabolic multimorbidity(CMM),as well as earlier age at onset,are strongly associated with higher dementia risk.Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that multimorbidity is linked to neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular imaging markers,including reduced brain volume,enlarged ventricles,and cerebrovascular lesions.Moreover,multimorbidity is significantly associated with Alzheimer's disease(AD)fluid biomarkers,such as a decreased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and elevated P-tau/Aβ42 and T-tau/Aβ42 ratios.Standardization of defining multimorbidity patterns,future prospective longitudinal cohort studies,and randomized controlled trials,and further explorations of mechanisms linking multimorbidity with dementia will facilitate earlier interventions to delay or prevent dementia and promote a paradigm shift from single-disease management to integrated strategies targeting multiple health risks.

Abstract:Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common type of dementia among older people that significantly affects health and quality of life.Currently,there is no cure,and identifying modifiable risk factors and early diagnostic biomarkers for early preventive and therapeutic interventions becomes crucial.Evidence from epidemiological research has suggested that sensory impairments(e.g.,olfactory,auditory,and visual impairments)are closely linked to AD,especially when sensory impairments occur in young adulthood and middle ages.In this review,we sought to brieflysummarize evidence from epidemiological research that explores the interrelationship between sensory impairments and AD,and further to discuss about the potentialbiological mechanisms underlying their relationships.This review article may help to increase the public awareness of sensory impairments and dementia and to provide a theoretical basis for the early detection and prevention of AD.

Abstract:Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by β-amyloid deposition,hyperphosphorylated tau pathology,and neuronal loss,which could begin 10-20 years before onset of clinical symptoms.Advances in biomarker research and the concept of the cognitive continuum have shifted the diagnosis of AD from a clinically based framework to a biology-centered approach.Blood-based and neuroimaging biomarkers now enable early screening and diagnosis,and predict disease progression and prognosis.Furthermore,the trajectory of AD cognitive continuum is influenced by genetic factors,comorbidities,lifestyle,and cognitive reserve.Multimodal interventions,anti-amyloid immunotherapies,digital tools,and neuromodulation devices offer promising strategies for early interventions,contributing to delayed disease progression and improved outcomes.

Abstract:Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common causes of dementia,and its incidence continues to rise as the population ages,placing a heavy burden on affected families and society as a whole.Early diagnosis is crucial for delaying disease progression and improving patient outcomes.However,the pathogenesis of AD is complex,involving multiple pathophysiological processes such as amyloid-β deposition,hyperphosphorylation of tau protein,neuroinflammation,and neuronal death,which pose significant challenges for early and accurate identification.Recently,the rapid advancement of biotechnology has led to the discovery and investigation of an increasing number of fluid biomarkers for AD,offering new perspectives and powerful tools for its diagnosis,treatment,and research into disease mechanisms.This article will discuss recent advances in research on fluid biomarkers for AD,explore their potential and challenges in clinical applications,and aim to provide insights for early diagnosis and precision treatment of AD.

Abstract:Alzheimer's disease and seniledementia have emerged as significant challenges to global public health.Given the growing limitations of traditional single-intervention approaches,multimodal intervention-characterized by multiple targets and synergistic effects-has become a prominent research focus and a key strategy in current studies.This article aims to systematically review recent advancements in this field,summarize effective intervention strategies,analyze existing challenges,and propose future research directions,thereby providing evidence-based insights for the effective prevention and management of dementia.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of active tuberculosis(ATB)complicating hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT),and to provide evidence for early detection and improved treatment outcomes of tuberculosis after HSCT.Methods Data from patients who developed ATB after HSCT were collected from the department of hematology at Tianjin University Haihe Hospital from September 2024 to May 2025.The onset time,clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,imaging features,antituberculosis treatment outcomes,and adverse events were analyzed.Results A total of 7 HSCT patients developed ATB,with a median onset time of 4.0(1.3,4.6)months after transplantation.Secondary pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common form,and fever was the initial symptom.Imaging findings predominantly showed consolidation and ground-glass opacity.The diagnostic yield of sputum smear and culture was low.The antituberculosis treatment mainly included isoniazid and fluoroquinolones,with rifapentine used as a substitute for rifampicin.The median treatment duration during the study period was 3.3(2.1,5.2)months,and 42.9％(3/7)of patients showed effective antituberculosis treatment at the end of 2 months.Liver function impairment was a common adverse event.The primary hematological diseases in HSCT patients were diverse,with 85.7％(6/7)undergoing allogeneic HSCT.Conclusion Early identification and prompt treatment of ATB after HSCT are crucial due to its insidious onset and low detection rate by routine examinations,which can easily lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.The recommended treatment regimen for tuberculosis after HSCT is similar to the standard four-drug regimen used in the general population.However,the potential for antituberculosis drugs to cause bone marrow suppression and interact with immunosuppressive agents should be considered to optimize medication use,reduce adverse events,and improve treatment outcomes.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of(Jufang)Niuhuang Qingxin Pill combined with paroxetine hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of depressive disorder with"phlegm-heat disturbing the spirit"syndrome and its impact on functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Methods This study adopted a randomized controlled trial(RCT)design,randomly dividing 84 eligible patients in Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Xianyang Hospital from March to December December of 2023 into a treatment group and a control group,with 42 patients in each group.The control group was administered paroxetine hydrochloride tablets,while the treatment group received(Jufang)Niuhuang Qingxin Pill in addition to the control group's treatment.The treatment course was 8 weeks.Changes in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-17),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA),Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and mean concentration,integral value,and barycenter value of oxygenated hemoglobin(oxy-Hb)in fNIRS were observed before and after treatment in patients with depressive disorder and"phlegm-heat disturbing the spirit"syndrome.Results General data showed no significant differe-nces in gender,age,and disease duration between the two groups(P＞0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences in HAMD-17,HAMA,PSQI scores,Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score,and fNIRS indicators(P＞0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,all indicators improved(P＜0.05),with the treatment group showing more significant improvements in HAMD-17,PSQI scores,and oxygenated hemoglobin concentration and integral value in fNIRS(P＜0.05),as well as a more pronounced decrease in barycenter value(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the reduction of HAMA scores between the two groups(P＞0.05),but the overall efficacy of the treatment group was still better than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of(Jufang)Niuhuang Qingxin Pill and paroxetine hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of depressive disorder with"phlegm-heat disturbing the spirit"syndrome can significantly improve symptoms such as depression,anxiety,and sleep disturbances,increase oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex,activate and enhance cortical excitability,and demonstrate good drug safety.

Abstract:As population ages,dementia has become a global public health concern.Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common type of dementia,accounting for 70％of all clinical dementia cases.Although disease-modifying medications are available for early-stage AD(lecanemab and donanemab)to slow cognitive and functional decline,there remains no cure for dementia.However,epidemiological research has identified over dozen modifiable risk factors for dementia,which,if targeted by active interventions,could prevent 45％of all dementia cases worldwide.Multidomain intervention approach that targets simultaneously several modifiable riskfactors hasemerged as a potential alternative strategy to deal with the huge challenges of dementia.In addition,recent research has developed blood-based reliable biomarkers for AD(e.g.,p-tau217),neurodegeneration(e.g.,NfL),and neuroinflammation(e.g.,GFAP),which allows for earlier accurate diagnosis of AD,personalized treatment,and tracking disease progression and responses to therapies.Blood-basedbiomarkers offer a less invasive and more cost-effective alternative to traditional CSF and PETimaging biomarkers;however,translational research remains crucial for optimizing clinical application of these biomarkers.Taken together,we call for action to strengthen translational research that aims to efficiently translate scientific discoveries from basic,clinical,and epidemiological research into practice for therapeutic and preventive interventionsagainst dementia.

Abstract:Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder closely associated with aging,characterized by an intricate pathological cascade involving dysregulation at molecular,cellular,and systemic levels.The core pathological of AD,characterized by Aβ plague deposition and tau pathology,exhibits a dynamic interplay with multiple secondary mechanisms,such as neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,cerebrovascular abnormalities,and synaptic loss.Collectively,these interconnected factors form a highly integrated pathogenic network that drives AD progression.This study aims to delineate the complex network of pathogenesis in AD,with the goal of providing a solid theoretical foundation for the development of effective early interventions and treatment strategies.