Exercise for cardiometabolic diseases:multi-target and comprehensive pathway benefits
ZHOU Le-qun
SHEN Tao
TANG Yi-da
Abstract：Cardiometabolic diseases(CMD)have emerged as a major global public health challenge,whose pathogenesis is complicated,including insulin resistance,chronic inflammation,and vascular dysfunction.Exercise,as a non-pharmacological intervention with the advantage of multiple targets,has demonstrated significant efficacy in preventing and managing CMD in a comprehensive pathway.This article elaborates on the physiological mechanisms underlying exercise-mediated CMD and the clinical efficacy of various exercise modalities,and outlines principles of developing individualized exercise prescriptions guided by cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)and implementation strategies.It also explores real-world challenges in adherence,healthcare resource distribution,and precision management.Based on the recent advances in digital health technologies and precision rehabilitation,it is proposed to establish a multidiscipline-integrated,technology-enabled,and policy-supported comprehensive-pathway closed-loop management framework.Exercise is not only a component of a healthy lifestyle but also an effective therapeutic strategy with"multi-target and comprehensive pathway"benefits for improving outcomes in patients with CMD.It should be further established as a standard intervention pathway in prevention and control of chronic diseases.
Keywords：cardiometabolic diseasesexercise interventioncardiopulmonary exercise testingindividualized prescriptionchronic disease management
Publication Date：2025-11-01
Online Publishing Date：2025-12-10(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：4( 917-920 )