Abstract:Objective Understanding the current status of oral health among young officers and soldiers in a Grassroots Military Unit to Provide a Basis for Further Military Oral Healthcare.Methods Using the method of sample random sampling,from May to July 2024,an investigation on the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of oral health care was carried out among 875 young officers and soldiers in a grass-roots military unit stationed in Beijing.Results Among the young officers and soldiers in this grassroots military unit,the proportion of those who scored 7 points in their attitude towards oral health care was the highest,reaching 80.9%.However,there was a polarization in both oral health care cognition and behavior.The proportions of those who scored 1 point and 7 points in oral health care cognition were 43.0%and 24.6%respectively,while the proportions in oral health care behavior were 33.0%and 31.8%respectively.The education level significantly influenced knowledge of oral health care and strong positive correlations existing among attitudes,knowledge,and practices.Conclusion Young military personnel in grassroots units generally hold positive attitudes toward oral health,but the knowledge and practices remain at relatively low levels.Efforts should be strengthened in oral health education and oral medical security for young officers and soldiers in grassroots military units.

Abstract:Objective To study the root anatomy,root canal classification and the anatomical relationship between root and mental foramen of mandibular first premolars in Mongolian and Han population by CBCT.Methods A retrospective collection of 100 cases(50 cases each for Mongolian and Han)of CBCT examinations conducted at the Stomatological Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January to December 2023 due to other dental diseases was made.On the three-dimensional reconstructed images,the following indices were observed and recorded:the number of roots(single root/double roots/fused roots);root canal classification(Vertucci classification);the vertical distance from the root apex to the mental foramen in the sagittal plane.Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in root morphology and root canal classification between the two ethnic groups,independent sample t-test was used to analyze the differences in the distance from the root apex to the mental foramen between the two ethnic groups,and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the positional correlation between the tooth position and the mental foramen.Results Root morphology:80%of Mongolians had single roots,16%had double roots,and 4%had fused roots;for Han people,the figures were 90%,4%,and 6%,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between the groups(χ²=4.094,P=0.129).Root canal classification:In Mongolians,types Ⅰ(54%),Ⅴ(18%),and Ⅳ(16%)were predominant;in Han people,type Ⅰ(40%)was predominant.There was a significant difference in distribution between the two ethnic groups(χ²=14.23,P=0.007).Relationship with the mental foramen:There was a statistically significant difference in the distance from the root apex to the mental foramen between the two ethnic groups(P<0.05).The distance from the root apex to the mental foramen of the mandibular first premolars in Mongolians was farther than that in Han people(6.112±1.971)mm vs(5.471±1.066)mm,(t=2.002,P=0.049).Conclusion There are significant ethnic differences in the root canal system of the mandibular first premolars between Mongolians and Han people,and the anatomical relationship between the root and the mental foramen varies by ethnicity.Personalized assessment based on ethnic anatomical characteristics is necessary during root canal treatment or apical surgery.

Abstract:There exists a close bidirectional pathological association between diabetes and periodontitis,the vicious cycle mechanism of mutual promotion between the two significantly increases the complexity of clinical diagnosis and treatment.In the management of diabetes-associated periodontitis,localized precision drug delivery is critical for controlling inflammatory progression.However,conventional drug administration methods struggle to achieve sustained and stable drug release at lesion sites.In recent years,nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising solution to this clinical challenge due to their controllable drug release properties and targeted delivery advantages.This article systematically reviews the latest research advancements in nanocarrier systems for the treatment of diabetic periodontitis,with a focus on their applications potential in anti-inflammation,tissue regeneration,and antibacterial aspects.The review aims to provide clinicians with references for precise treatment strategies based on nanomedicine.

Abstract:Pulpitis is an inflammatory response of the dental pulp tissue triggered caused by biological,physical and chemical stimuli.Histopathological examination serves as the gold standard for diagnosing pulp inflammation and evaluating its severity.Clinical diagnosis of pulpitis mainly relies on the classic"three-step"approach,which involves obtaining a preliminary impression based on patient's medical history and subjective symptoms,identifying the affected tooth through oral examination,and confirming the presence of pulp inflammation via dental pulp thermal sensitivity tests.Comprehensive clinical judgment classifies affected teeth into two main types:reversible pulpitis and irreversible pulpitis.However,the pain symptoms associated with pulpitis vary significantly among patients,and the results of pulp thermal tests do not accurately reflect the actual pathological status of the pulp tissue.Therefore,clinical differentiation between"reversible"and"irreversible"pulpitis often lacks objective criteria,which poses a dilemma for clinicians when making vital pulp therapy strategies.On the other hand,pulp tissue is a type of connective tissue,and its histopathological changes and molecular biological features during inflammation share notable similarities with those of other connective tissues in the human body.Thus,identifying biomarkers that can objectively and quantitatively reflect the degree of pulp inflammation and its regenerative potential has emerged as a research focus for addressing the clinical diagnostic challenges of pulpitis.This paper intends to systematically review the biological basis and current research status of biomarkers for pulpitis diagnosis.It also explore their sampling sources and collection methods of these biomarkers,and summarizes existing detection and analysis techniques,with the goal of providing a theoretical reference and basis for the translational application of biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis of pulpitis.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of PDCA cycle combined with Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise(Mini-CEX)in the standardised residency training of endodontics.Methods A total of twenty residents in standardized residency training of endodontics were selected.The Mini-CEX scale was used to assess the residents'comprehensive clinical competence,the PDCA cycle was used to analysis the causes affecting clinical competence and to make persistent improvement.Results Following application of the PDCA cycle,the residents showed significant improvement in their performance in oral examination,communication skills,humanistic qualities,clinical judgment,and operative skills.Conclusion Applying PDCA management combined with the Mini-CEX sale effectively assesses and optimizes endodontic residency training.

Abstract:Objective This study aims to address the bottlenecks in the operation of specialized hospitals,the blind spots in the patient's visit process,and the common pain points in patients'medical treatment.We will build an intelligent information-based guidance model for our hospital,with the goal of improving the accuracy of patient registration and enhancing the patient's medical experience.Methods By randomly selecting 248 patients who visisted the outpatient department of The Fourth Military Medical University the time from April 20th to May 20th,2025 as the research subjects,were randomly selected through the system and divided into a control group and a study group,each consisting of 124 patients.The control group was assigned to the traditional guidance and triage model,while the study group was assigned to the information-based intelligent guidance and triage model.The results were compared in terms of the accuracy of triage,average waiting time,outpatient cancellation rate,and patient satisfaction rate,which were all feedback from the patient's visit quality evaluation indicators.At the same time,the experience,guidance,convenience,comprehensiveness,and accuracy of the two guidance and triage models were compared,and the results were analyzed.Results The quality of the study group's visits was significantly improved,including the triage accuracy rate increasing from 82.26%to 94.08%,the average waiting time reducing from 45 minutes to 24 minutes,the outpatient cancellation rate decreasing from 16.66%to 5.91%,and the patient satisfaction rate increasing from 85.08%to 97.78%.The data of the five evaluation indicators of the information system usage situation in the study group were all better than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion After the establishment of the intelligent triage model for oral specialties,the accuracy of triage and patients'experience have significantly improved.The intelligent triage is carried out throughout the entire chain from before the visit,during the visit to after the visit.Oral healthcare professionals and technicians need to continuously innovate and break through to effectively guide and assist patients in completing each step of the visit,shorten waiting time,and ultimately enhance patients'sense of gain and satisfaction from the visit.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the distribution of root and canal morphology in maxillary first molars using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods CBCT images of patients who required examination for treatment purposes at the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2024 and August 2025 were retrospectively reviewed.Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected.The number of roots,the incidence of the second mesiobuccal canal(MB2),and the morphology of the mesiobuccal root canals were analyzed and compared bilaterally.Results A total of 1 507 patients were included,comprising 963 females(63.90%)and 544 males(36.10%).The maxillary first molars were predominantly three-rooted(99.73%)and four-canaled(52.68%).Two-rooted teeth(0.27%),five-canaled teeth(0.40%),and two-canaled teeth(0.27%)were rare.Single-rooted,four-or-more-rooted,single-canaled,or six-or-more-canaled teeth were not observed.The prevalence of three roots was significantly higher than that of two roots(χ2=2 982.085,P<0.001).The overall incidence of MB2 was 52.95%,with no statistically significant differences between left and right sides(χ2=0.261,P=0.609)or between genders(χ2=3.572,P=0.059).Regarding the morphology of the mesiobuccal root canals,TypeⅠ(single canal)accounted for 47.05%.Among the multi-canal configurations,Type Ⅱ was the most common(33.19%),followed by TypeⅣ(18.85%).Types Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅷ were the least prevalent,at 0.53%,0.27%,and 0.13%,respectively.The overall incidence of multi-canals in the mesiobuccal root(52.95%)was higher than that of single canals(47.05%),with no significant difference in the incidence of single versus multi-canals between left and right sides(χ2=0.261,P=0.609).Conclusion Maxillary first molars exhibit complex root canal morphology,frequently presenting with multiple root canal configurations and bilateral symmetry.

Abstract:Objective Evaluate the radiographic changes,clinical efficacy,and developmental status of successor permanent teeth following decompression for the treatment of radicular cysts associated with primary teeth in children to provide evidence for clinical management.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with radicular cysts in primary teeth and treated with decompression at the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University(January 2022 to June 2025).Clinical and radiographic data were collected,and the changes in cyst area,time of decompression,and developmental of permanent teeth were measured and compared.Results A total of 22 cyst lesions from 20 patients were included.All cysts showed significant reduction after decompression treatment.The mean initial lesion area was(2.57±0.92)cm2,the mean decompression time was(3.98±2.15)months,and the mean rate of reduction was(0.95±0.63)cm2/month.Further analysis revealed that smaller cysts(area<2.5 cm2)had a significantly higher reduction rate than larger cysts(area≥2.5 cm2)(P<0.001).During follow-up,most permanent teeth(18/26,69.23%)erupted normally,with 80.8%(21/26)exhibited normal root development.However,five teeth(19.20%)showed root developmental abnormalities.Conclusion Decompression is an effective minimally invasive treatment that promotes the regression of radicular cysts associated with primary teeth and facilitates the eruption and development of successor permanent teeth,supporting its clinical recommendation.

Abstract:Objective To explore the mechanism of resveratrol on mitophagy,stress response and interleukin-33/tumorigenic 2 receptor(IL-33/ST2)signaling pathway in periodontitis rats.Methods 54 rats were randomly divided into N group,M group,Z group and L,H group,with 10 rats in N group and 11 rats in every remaining group.Rats in group Z were intragastrically administered with 0.05 g/kg metronidazole aqueous solution,rats in groups L and H were intragastrically administered with 5 and 15 mg/kg resveratrol,respectively,and rats in groups N and M were intragastrically administered with the same dose of normal saline.1 time/d,continuous treatment for 7 d.Periodontal tissue was isolated and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in periodontal tissue and serum were detected.The levels of osteoprotegerin(OPG)and its ligand(OPGL)in periodontal ligament were detected by RT-PCR.The level of mitophagy was observed by electron microscopy.The morphology of periodontal tissue was observed by HE staining.The expression of IL-33 and ST2 protein was detected by western blot.Results Compared with group N,the levels of MDA,OPGL mRNA,IL-33 and ST2 protein in group M,group Z and group L,H were increased,and the levels of SOD,GSH-Px,OPG mRNA and OPG/OPGL ratio were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with group M,MDA,OPGL mRNA,IL-33 and ST2 in group Z and L,H decreased,and those in group H were the lowest.SOD,GSH-Px,OPG mRNA and OPG/OPGL ratio increased,and those in group H were the highest(P<0.05).Under the electron microscope,the mitochondrial ridge morphology of the Z group and the L,H group tended to be normal,and the autophagosomes and vacuolar changes were reduced,and the mitophagy of the H group was the least.HE staining showed that the periodontal tissue morphology of L group,Z group and H group was improved,and the morphology of H group was the best.Conclusion High dose of resveratrol can improve mitochondrial autophagy,reduce stress response,improve periodontal morphology and inhibit IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway activation in periodontitis rats.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the differential impacts of hyperglycemic microenvironment and oral microbiota on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by macrophages in diabetes-associated periodontitis.Methods Oral saliva microbiota extracts from patients with periodontitis and diabetes were collected and used to stimulate THP-1-induced macrophages.The expression of inflammatory factors in macrophages was then detected by RT-PCR,with normal blood glucose periodontitis patients as the control.Macrophages were stimulated with LPS under culture conditions with different glucose concentrations,and macrophage inflammatory factor expression was detected using RT-PCR.Changes in AMPK and phosphorylation levels were observed by protein blotting,TNF-α expression was detected by flow cytometry.M0 macrophages were transfected with si-AMPKα to reduce AMPK expression,and IL-6 and TNF-α expression was detected by RT-PCR,IL-1β expression.Results The effect of microbial culture on macrophage inflammatory factor expression in the hyperglycemic group was not significantly different from that in the control group.The high glucose microenvironment significantly enhanced the inflammatory response,with the greatest difference in TNF-α expression.Different glucose levels had no significant effect on the overall AMPK protein level,but low glucose can stimulate an increase in the phosphorylation level of AMPKα(Thr172),and reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors.Conclusion No regulatory effect of microbiota differences on the secretion of selected pro-inflammatory factors by macrophages was observed in patients with periodontitis related to diabetes.The high glucose microenvironment induces M1 polarization of macrophages by inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation,significantly amplifying the inflammatory cascade reaction.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the flavonoids from rhizoma drynaria on experimental periodontitis in rats.Methods Forty 2-month-old male SD rats were used,with 10 rats in each group.An experimental periodontitis model was established by ligating the upper first molar with orthodontic ligatures.The rats were randomly divided into four groups:no intervention(Group A),periodontal pocket injection of drug-free hydrogel(Group B),periodontal pocket injection of drug-free hydrogel+oral administration of the flavonoids from rhizoma drynaria(Group C),and periodontal pocket injection of the flavonoids from rhizoma drynaria-loaded hydrogel(Group D).The rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks of medication,and the maxillary bone specimens were taken for HE staining to observe the periodontal pathological tissues,TRAP staining to observe the number of osteoclasts,and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of bone protection protein(OPG),nuclear factor κB receptor activator ligand(RANKL),and type I collagen(COL1A1)in the periodontal tissues.Finally,the experimental data were statistically analyzed.Results HE staining showed that compared with the non-medication group,local or systemic administration of the flavonoids from rhizoma drynaria could lead to new bone formation,and local administration of the flavonoids from rhizoma drynaria generated more bone-like tissue than systemic administration,with more orderly arrangement of fibrous tissue.TRAP staining revealed that the number of osteoclasts in the non-medication group,systemic medication group,and local medication group showed a decreasing trend,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of osteogenic-related factors OPG,COL1A1 in the non-medication group,systemic medication group,and local medication group showed an increasing trend,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05),while the expression of RANKL showed a decreasing trend,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion The flavonoids from rhizoma drynaria have a therapeutic effect on experimental periodontitis in rats.It can better promote new bone formation,inhibit the number of osteoclasts,and promote the repair of periodontal tissues by increasing the expression of OPG and COL1A1 and reducing the expression of RANKL.From the perspective of medication methods,the effect of local administration of hydrogel-laden medication is better than systemic administration.

Abstract:Periodontal disease exhibits a high prevalence among adults in China,with periodontal health rates across all age groups consistently below 10%.Periodontitis has emerged as one of the primary causes of tooth loss in adults.Root surface hypersensitivity,a common concomitant symptom of periodontal disease,exhibits an incidence rate ranging from 68%to 98%.This condition is closely associated with gingival recession and root surface exposure,significantly compromising patients'quality of life.As a specific manifestation of dentin hypersensitivity,the diagnosis of root surface hypersensitivity requires the exclusion of other contributing factors such as dental caries and cervical wedge-shaped defects.In recent years,Semiconductor lasers,characterized by their compact size,high efficiency,and precise controllability,have gained increasingly widespread applications in clinical dentistry.They have demonstrated notable efficacy in alleviating dentin hypersensitivity,acute apical periodontitis,and pulp sensitivity induced by light-cured materials.This article aims to explore the clinical efficacy of semiconductor lasers in relieving root surface hypersensitivity in patients with periodontal disease,including a comparative analysis of treatment efficacy rates and long-term outcomes.Furthermore,by integrating current advances in laser therapy techniques,it investigates the conditions under which combination therapies may yield synergistic effects,offering new perspectives and feasible treatment options for clinical practice.

Abstract:Objective To construct and evaluate a risk prediction model for cracked teeth based on CBCT images and clinical features.Methods A total of 130 molar positions from 130 patients treated in Huzhou central hospital between January 2024 and June 2025 were selected,including 80 cracked teeth in the experimental group and 50 normal teeth in the control group.Electronic medical records and CBCT measurement data were collected.Variables were screened through univariate analysis,ROC curves,and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to construct and validate a nomogram model.Results Univariate analysis showed that gender,preference for hard food,unilateral chewing,bruxism,mesial buccolingual cusp slope angle,distal buccolingual cusp slope angle,tooth length,and root length were associated with cracked teeth(P＜0.05).A model constructed with 8 variables screened by LASSO regression showed an AUC of 0.91(95%CI:0.85-0.97)and accuracy of 0.87 in the training set,and an AUC of 0.922(95%CI:0.84-1.00)and accuracy of 0.85 in the validation set,with a mean calibration curve error of 0.042.Conclusion The model,combining CBCT parameters and clinical features,can effectively identify high-risk populations for cracked teeth and support clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Objective Under the premise of preventing cross infection,the effects of three optical guide rod protection on curing effect of resin was compared.Methods Three methods were used to protect the optical guide rod.For the non-protective film group,wipe disinfection method was used.For the protection-film groups,conventional protective film(hard protective cover)and smooth protective film(soft protective film)were used to cover the optical guide rod respectively.In clinical practice,the three protection methods were employed during the treatment of the same patient for light curing operation.After use,the non-protective film group was wiped with disinfecting wipes,whereas the protective film were removed from the protection-film groups.Samples were collected directly from the surface of the optical guide rod for bacterial culture and colony count.The effects of three protective methods on the output light intensity and resin curing were assessed by the light intensity measuring instrument and the microhardness tester.Results All three protection methods effectively prevented cross infection.Compared with the no-protection-film group,neither protective film significantly affect the output light intensity of the light-curing unit or the microhardness of the cured resin.There are no statistically significant differences among the three groups(P＞0.05).However,a certain downward trend in the mean resin microhardness values was observed in the conventional film group(11.1%decrease)and the smooth film group(13.01%decrease).Conclusion All three protection methods are effective for infection control.Among them,the smooth protective film,due to its excellent conformability ensuring the optimal curing distance,is more practical in clinical operation and represents an cost-effective infection control measure worthy of promotion.Future research should focus on the potential slight light attenuation caused by protective films and its clinical implications.

Abstract:Objective The aim of this study is to figure out whether 731 immune cell profiles causally impact Chronic periodontitis(CP)liability.Methods GWAS data were obtained for 731 immune cells and CP based on publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)databases.Two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis was performed using inverse variance weighting(IVW)as the main method,supplemented by MR-Egger regression,weighted mode(WM)and weighted median(WME)methods,to evaluate whether there was an association between the 731 immune cells and CP by the OR value and 95%CI.Results IVW results showed that B cells(OR=1.08,95%CI=1.02-1.14,P=0.009)were a risk factor for CP,whereas the following five immune cell subpopulations were protective factors for CP:IgD-CD27-B cells(OR=0.95,95%CI=0.91-0.99,P=0.019),CD39+activated CD4 regulatory T cells(OR=0.96,95%CI=0.94-0.99,P=0.004),and CD39+resting CD4 regulatory T cells(OR=0.95,95%CI=0.92-0.98,P=0.001).CD39 on CD39+secretory CD4 regulatory T cells(OR=0.96,95%CI=0.93-0.99,P=0.007),CD39 on CD39+CD4+T cells(OR=0.96,95%CI=0.94-0.99,P=0.003).Conclusion There is a causal relationship between six immune cell subsets and CP,which provides some new insights into the pathogenesis of CP and its early prevention and treatment.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of case-based learning(CBL)combined with 3D printing furcation models in the residency training for furcation involvement.Methods Seventy-five regulation students who were in the periodontal department of Xi'an Jiaotong University Stomatology Hospital from September 2022 to June 2024 were included in this study.They were randomly divided into two groups:35 students of the CBL teaching combined with 40 students of the CBL teaching(control group)and 3D printed model(experimental group).Both groups were instructed by the same senior doctor,and the teaching contents included the etiology,staging,diagnosis,treatment plan,and hands-on practice of furcation involvement.Participants in the experimental group applied the teaching method of CBL combined with 3D printed models,and participants in the control group applied the teaching method of CBL.The teaching effect of participants were assessed by the theory and practice examinations combined with a questionnaire.Comparisons between the two groups were analyzed by the t test.Results The theoretical score(91.60±4.20)and practical score(91.70±3.20)of the experimental group were better than the theoretical score(86.40±3.50)and practical score(82.50±4.50)of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).Participants in the experimental group had better assessment for the teaching process than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion CBL combined with 3D printing furcation involvement model teaching method obtains a better effect in residency teaching of furcation involvement,which provides a reference for the residency teaching of furcation involvement and can be further popularized and applied.

Abstract:Objective To explore how virtual 3D printing technology improves the patient experience in endodontic surgery,with the goal of developing targeted interventions.Methods Using purposive sampling,24 patients who received virtual 3D printing-assisted endodontic microsurgery from September 2024 to February 2025 in the Emergency and Comprehensive Clinical Department of the School of Stomatology,Air Force Medical University,were selected as study subjects.Based on the capability,opportunity,motivation-behavior(COM-B)model,semi-structured interviews were conducted through descriptive qualitative research methods.The interview data were systematically organized and analyzed using content analysis methodology.Results Three core themes and eight sub-themes were identified:capability factors(patient cognitive acceptance,sense of participation,and autonomy in decision-making),opportunity factors(family support,financial decision-making behavior,and concerns about data security),and motivation factors(self-efficacy in treatment,perceived treatment benefits,and management of treatment expectation).Conclusion The COM-B model-based study indicates that the application of virtual 3D printing technology in endodontic surgery requires focused attention on the synergistic effects of three dimensions:patient cognitive capability,external support resources,and intrinsic motivation,which can significantly enhance the perioperative experience for patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the application effect of interactive motion-sensing games in improving plaque removal rate in children.Methods 84 children aged 6-7 years from the Department of Oral Prevention were selected for the experiment.The children were randomly assigned to two groups.Both groups received 10 minutes of oral health education for three consecutive days.The experimental group experienced correct tooth brushing through interactive motion-sensing games,while the control group practiced correct tooth brushing using dental models.Before and after the experiment,the tooth brushing behaviors and plaque scores of the children in both groups were measured to calculate the plaque removal rate.Results The baseline data of tooth brushing action scores,tooth surface scores,and plaque removal rates of the two groups before the intervention showed no statistically signiffcant difference(P＞0.05).After three days,the tooth brushing action score of the experimental group was 2.00(1.00,2.00),which was higher than that of the control group[1.00(1.00,2.00)](P=0.01).The tooth surface score of the experimental group was 8.00(6.00,8.00),higher than that of the control group[6.00(5.00,7.00)](P=0.005).The plaque removal rate of the experimental group was 0.43(0.30,0.48),significantly higher than that of the control group[0.29(0.18,0.32)](P＜0.001).The plaque removal rate of the experimental group showed a significant improvement before and after the intervention(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both correct tooth brushing practice using dental models and interactive motion-sensing games can improve children's plaque removal rates,with the improvement in plaque removal rates through interactive motion-sensing games being superior to that through correct tooth brushing practice using dental models.

Abstract:Objective Analyze the trend of dental periodontal disease burden in China and the influence of age,period,and birth cohort factors,and predict its future trend,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of dental periodontal disease.Methods Based on the GBD 2023 database,the data on the incidence of periodontal disease and Disability-Adjusted Life Years(DALY)in China from 1990 to 2023 were obtained.Joinpoint regression models were employed to evaluate temporal trends,calculating the average annual percentage change(AAPC).An age-period-cohort model was used to assess the effects of age,period,and birth cohort on incidence and DALY rates.A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to project age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)and age-standardized DALY rates(ASDR)for 2024-2033.Results From 1990 to 2023,China exhibited increasing trends in periodontal disease ASIR(AAPC=0.31%,95%CI:0.10-0.53)and age-standardized DALY rates(AAPC=0.47%,95%CI:0.14-0.80).The APC model revealed:Age effect—Peak incidence occurred at 50-54 years(2 089.83 per 100 000),while peak DALY rate was observed at 60-64 years(213.03 per 100 000).Period effect—The highest risk for incidence(RR=1.06,95%CI:1.02-1.11)and DALY(RR=1.12,95%CI:1.08-1.15)occurred during 2014-2018.Cohort effect—Disease burden increased with successive birth cohorts,peaking in the 2012-2016 cohort(incidence RR=2.16,95%CI:0.37-12.56;DALY RR=2.30,95%CI:0.13-13.39).It is predicted that the age-standardized incidence rate of periodontal disease(1 101.62 per 100 000 in 2033)and the age-standardized DALY rate(77.12 per 100 000 in 2033)will show an upward trend from 2024 to 2033.Conclusion From 1990 to 2023,the burden of periodontal disease in China has been on the rise.It is predicted that it will continue to increase from 2024 to 2033,and the middle-aged and elderly population should pay particular attention to it.

Abstract:Objective To explore whether psychological stress exacerbates microcirculatory dysfunction in experimental periodontitis and to elucidate its potential role in periodontal tissue destruction.Methods Sixty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=16 per group),i.e.control group(C),experimental periodontitis group(CP),psychological stress group(PS),and experimental periodontitis+psychological stress group(CPPS).Experimental periodontitis was induced using silk ligature,and psychological stress was established using restraint stress.After the experiment,behavioral changes were assessed using the open field test.Serum hormone levels were measured by ELISA.Micro-CT and HE staining were used to observe periodontal tissue morphology.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to examine changes in the vascular ultrastructure of gingiva with periodontitis.Evans blue staining and laser speckle imaging were employed to evaluate vascular permeability and blood perfusion in periodontal tissues,respectively.Results 3 weeks of restraint stress,rats in the PS and CPPS groups exhibited significantly increased anxiety-like behavior(P<0.05)and elevated serum levels of corticosterone(CORT)and adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)(P<0.05),confirming successful induction of psychological stress.In comparison to the C group,rats in the CP and CPPS groups showed significantly increased distance from the alveolar crest to the cemento-enamel junction and attachment loss(P<0.05).Ultrastructurally,vessels in the CP group displayed irregular endothelial shapes,organelle injury within the cytoplasm,and either discontinuous basement membranes or frequent endothelial hyperplasia,whereas vascular ultrastructural lesions were more severe in the CPPS group these.and the addition of psychological stress led to further dysregulation of these microcirculatory parameters compared with periodontitis alone(P<0.05).Conclusion Psychological stress aggravates microcirculatory disturbances in periodontitis by exacerbating the ultrastructure of blood vessels,increasing vascular permeability,and inducing abnormal blood perfusion,These alterations may,at least in part,mediate the promotive effect of psychological stress on periodontal tissue destruction.