Abstract:To select high-quality non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties suitable for cultivation in different seasons and improve year-round production,50 hybrid combinations were used as experimental materials.A comprehensive evalua-tion of their agronomic traits was conducted using multivariate statistical methods,including principal component analy-sis and the membership function method.The results showed that the genetic variation coefficients of all traits exceeded 10%,with petiole length,plant height,and leaf width exhibiting high improvement potential.Based on market preferenc-es,15 combinations with superior commercial quality were selected.Principal component analysis extracted four key fac-tors with a cumulative contribution rate of 71.43%.Further membership function method identified 14 combinations with comprehensive traits outperforming the control variety Dongzhixian,among which 7 combinations,including Z2,Z23,Z31,Z33,Z36,Z37 and Z46,performed outstandingly in both screening stages.Comparative trials revealed that Z21 and Z23 demonstrated good commercial traits,combining bolting resistance with high yield,making them suitable for early spring and overwintering cultivation.In contrast,combinations such as Z31 and Z33,though high-yielding but lacked bolt-ing-resistant,were recommended for summer or autumn cultivation.

Abstract:Allium mongolicum is a highly representative wild plant in desert regions of Chin.,Its tissues are rich in essen-tial nutrients and functional components such as indispensable amino acids,vitamin C,bioactive polysaccharides,and fla-vonoids.It not only possesses a distinctive edible flavor but also exhibits considerable medicinal potential,while simulta-neously delivering dual values in ecological conservation and economic benefits.With strong adaptability to various abiot-ic stresses including drought,salinity,and low temperature,A.mongolicumserves as an ideal model for studying plant stress-resistant mechanisms.Currently,research on A.mongolicumprimarily focuses on single-dimensional perspectives,and systematic reviews integrating its biological characteristics,multi-faceted values,and application potential remain scarce.Research progress in this field has not been comprehensively summarized and organized.Consequently,this paper reviews existing studies regarding the dormancy characteristics,physiological responses to abiotic stresses,and alleviato-ry effects of exogenous substances in A.mongolicum.It also summarizes its edible,medicinal,ecological,and economic values,analyzes the current research bottlenecks,and prospects future development directions.This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth research and comprehensive exploitation of A.mongolicum.

Abstract:Kaimei No.3 is a new early-maturing medium-fruit watermelon cultivar bred by crossing inbred line KF1518 as female parent and inbred line KF1508 as male parent.The whole growth period of this cultivar is about 97 days in spring greenhouse cultivation,and the fruit development period is about 28 days.This cultivar has good early maturity and low light tolerance.The fruit is round,the peel is light green and covered with dark green medium-width dentate bands,covered with wax powder,the peel is tough and resistant to storage and transportation.The flesh color is bright red,and the texture is crisp.The soluble solids content in the heart is 12.5%,and the soluble solids content in the edge is 10.3%.The average single fruit mass is 4.9 kg,and the yield per 667 m2 of greenhouse climbing cultivation is about 3300 kg.It is suitable for early spring protected and open field cultivation in Henan province and surrounding provinces.

Abstract:To explore the effects of different formulations and application methods of of Bacillus velezensis HN-Q-8 on potato yield and quality,two formulations—organic bacterial fertilizer and wettable powder were used,along with multi-ple application approaches.These included applying organic bacterial fertilizer before sowing and spraying the wettable powder at the bud stage and full bloom stage.The results showed that applying 15000 kg·hm-2 of organic bacterial fertil-izer before sowing resulted in the highest potato yield of 30.97 t·hm-2,with stem diameter and SPAD value at the bud stage reaching 1.75 cm and 39.47,respectively.Compared with the control group without organic bacterial fertilizer,these represented significant increases of 17.11%,5.37%,and 26.80%,respectively.Additionally,the HN-Q-8 wettable powder significantly improved tuber quality.Spraying 2.25 kg·hm-2 of the powder once at both the bud stage and full bloom stage significantly increased tuber dry matter,starch,and protein content by 7.98%,9.44%,and 40.84%,respectively,compared with the water-sprayed control.This study provides practical application methods for the use of microbial fertilizers and agents in potato production to enhance yield and quality.

Abstract:This study used tender leaves of Erythropalum scandens(Longzhou green shoot and Longzhou red shoot)as materials.Through transcriptome sequencing,the differences in gene expression between the two differently colored ten-der leaves were compared to screen for differentially expressed genes and related pathways.The aim was to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying shoot color formation in Erythropalum scandens at the molecular level.The results showed that,compared to green shoots,the chlorophyll content in red shoots significantly decreased,while the carotene content significantly increased.Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 3656 differentially expressed genes,of which 1962 were up-regulated and 1694 were down-regulated.KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially ex-pressed genes were mainly enriched in pathways such as transcription factors,protein phosphatases and associated pro-teins,ubiquitin system,starch and sucrose metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction,glycosyltransferases,and pho-tosynthesis.Further analysis revealed that the expression of the transcription factor SPL15 was significantly down-regulat-ed in red shoots,potentially leading to the up-regulation of the branch-point enzyme gene LCYE in the carotene biosynthe-sis pathway by activating key factors in the light signaling pathway.In conclusion,the formation of red shoots in Erythro-palum scandens may be closely associated wiht the regulation of the light signal pathway.

Abstract:Anther cultivation of potato diploids is a critical technology for obtaining diploid plants and accelerating ploidy breeding.However,challenges such as low induction frequency and difficulties in seedling differentiation have limited its widespread application.This study aimed to establish an efficient pollen culture system to address these bottlenecks.Us-ing pollen from tetraploid potato variety Neishu No.7 as material,the culture medium formula was optimized to identify components suitable for pollen tissue induction and plant differentiation in this variety.The results showed that the medi-um MS+30 g·L-1 sucrose+7 g·L-1 agar+1 mg·L-1 nicotinate(NAA)+1 mg·L-12,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)+0.5 mg·L-1 cytokinin(KT)demonstrated superior efficacy in inducing potato pollen callus formation.The medium MS+30 g·L-1 sucrose+7 g·L-1 agar+5 g·L-1 activated charcoal(AC)+0.5 mg·L-1 indoleacetic acid(IAA)+2 mg·L-1 zeatin ZT+2 mg·L-16-benzylaminoguanine(6-BA)exhibited better differentiation performance.This system successfully induced diploid plants in D126 potato,preliminarily demonstrating broad adaptability potential.The study successfully established an efficient pollen culture system for Neishu No.7,significantly improving cultivation efficiency while showing promise for applications in other varieties,which lay a foundation for diploid potato breeding.

Abstract:In order to improve the soil microecological environment and enhance the yield and quality of eggplant,this study used the Lushuai eggplant as the material and adopted soil cultivation methods.Five treatments were set up:No fer-tilization(CK),single application of bio organic fertilizer(T1),single application of chemical fertilizer(T2),nitrogen fer-tilizer reduction of 10%combined with bio organic fertilizer 1800 kg·hm-2(T3),nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 20%com-bined with bio organic fertilizer 2400 kg·hm-2(T4),to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer on the soil microecology and eggplant yield and quality in the facility.The results indicate that the soil alkaline nitrogen content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content,sucrase activity,urease activity,and catalase activity under T3 treatment reached their highest level at all growth stages.Compared with T2 treatment,soil microbial community diversity was higher under T3 treatment.Under T3 treatment,the spring yield,autumn yield and to-tal yield of eggplant were the highest,with 135.96,148.77,and 284.73 t·hm-2,respectively.Compared with T2 treatment,the yield were significantly increased by 16.26,8.87,and 25.13 t·hm-2,respectively.The quality of eggplant skin and the content of soluble protein,soluble sugar,and vitamin C of T3 treatment are higher,resulting in the best overall quality.Based on various indicators,T3 treatment,which involves reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 10%and applying 1800 kg·hm-2 bio-organic fertilizer,can promote the transformation and accumulation of soil nutrients,enhance soil enzyme activity,op-timize soil microbial environment,and improve eggplant yield and quality,with the best effect.

Abstract:In order to obtain the optimal substrate formula for the cultivation of oriental melon,the oriental melon Xing-tian No.20 was used as the experimental material,and 9 kinds of substrate formulas were used to explore the physical and chemical properties of substrates with different agricultural waste ratio and their effects on the growth,quality and yield of oriental melon.The results showed that substrate physicochemical properties of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,organ-ic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content were high when the ratio of mushroom residue to cow dung and sheep manure was 2∶1,which promoted the growth of crops.The oriental meloncultivated in 9 different matrix formulas showed good growth vigor with TP7 treatment(the volume ratio of mushroom residue,corn straw,cow dung,sheep ma-nure and furnace ash is 4∶1∶2∶1∶2),and the fruit vertical and horizontal diameter,soluble solids content and yield were the highest,followed by TP5 treatment(the volume ratio of mushroom residue,corn straw,cow dung,sheep manure and furnace ash is 3∶2∶2∶1∶2).The yield of TP7 treatment was 18.90%higher than that of CK,and TP5 treatment was 6.71%higher than that of CK.In summary,the mixed substrates treated with TP7 or TP5 can effectively improve the fruit quality of melon,increase the yield,and realize the recycling of agricultural and animal husbandry waste resources.

Abstract:Abundant and elite germplasm resources are a fundamental prerequisite for advancing watermelon breeding programs.This study utilized a 2K watermelon liquid chip to conduct a comprehensive genetic similarity analysis of 44 watermelon germplasm accessions.The results revealed that the genetic similarity coefficients among the accessions pre-dominantly clustered ranged from 0.5-0.8.Based on a genetic similarity value of 1.000,a pair of germplasm resources was defined as the same germplasm or inbred line,thereby streamlining the core resources to 40 representative germ-plasms.Furthermore,employing a genotype-phenotype association approach,the specific loci associated with key fruit quality traits were focused.Based on the genotypic data for the rind crack resistance-associated locus Chr10_2681123(in-sTTCTTCGATC)and the flesh firmness-related loci Chr06_13317084(AA)and Chr06_12831389(GG),and integrating phenotypic thresholds(rind hardness≥12 kgf·cm-1,flesh firmness≥2 kgf·cm-1),24 accessions with notable rind crack re-sistance and 13 accessions exhibiting high fruit firmness were successfully identified.Given the paramount importance of soluble solids content(SSC)as a core determinant of fruit quality and marketability,this trait was concurrently evaluated.This multi-trait screening strategy was designed to isolate elite germplasm that combines the desirable attributes of a crack-resistant rind,firm flesh,and high sugar content,facilitating their simultaneous improvement in breeding.Addition-ally,molecular marker analysis was deployed to screen for resistance to major diseases,including Fusarium wilt,anthrac-nose,powdery mildew,and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus(CGMMV).Correlation of these molecular profiles with seedling-stage disease resistance phenotyping enabled the selection of germplasms demonstrating single or multiple dis-ease resistances.This research provides a valuable and well-characterized germplasm foundation,significantly aiding the coordinated enhancement of fruit quality and disease resistance for watermelon breeding in future.

Abstract:Induction of haploid by in vitro culture of unpollinated ovary is one of the important ways of genetics and breeding.In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying hormone induced embryoid formation from unpolli-nated pumpkin ovary,ZJ-13-2(Chinese pumpkin×Indian pumpkin)was used as the material in this study.Auxin and cyto-kinin were used to induce embryoids at the differentiation stage.The results showed that the induction rate of embryoids in the medium supplemented with cytokinin and auxin(1.0 mg·L-16-BA+4.0 mg·L-12,4-D+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA)was sig-nificantly higher than that in the medium supplemented with cytokinin only(1.0 mg·L-16-BA),which were 32.1%and 13.8%,respectively.Transcriptome sequencing of embryoids from both treatment groups was performed to analyze differ-entially expressed genes(DEGs)influencing embryoid formation under hormone synergy.A total of 1197 DEGs were iden-tified,comprising 675 up-regulated and 522 down-regulated genes.Go and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction,protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,starch and sucrose metabolism,and secondary metabolite synthesis pathways.Further analysis identified 441 transcription factors(TFs)belonging to 47 different TF families.Key TFs,including CRYAA,CRYAB,HSP20,SKP1,BKI1,and BZR2 exhibited significant expression changes,suggesting their potential regulatory roles in the embryogenic process of this pumpkin variety.Additionally,HSF family members were found to interact with other transcription factors such as WRKY,bZIP and MYB,collectively regulating the expression of heat stress responsvie genes.This complex regulatory network not only plays a key role in heat stress response,but also provides actionable molecular markers and genetic re-sources for constructing an efficient haploid induction system in pumpkin,thereby accelerating the fixation of important traits and the overall breeding process.

Abstract:The high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons was established,and the principal component analysis was carried out to provide reference for the quality control and quality evaluation of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons.Taking 10 batches of Ipomoer bata-tas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons as research samples,the separation conditions of HPLC fingerprints of Ipo-moer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons were explored and the samples were analyzed and detected.The fingerprints of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons were established and the similarity was evaluat-ed,and the principal component analysis of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons was carried out.The results showed that the established HPLC fingerprint method of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons was stable and reliable.There were 10 common peaks in the fingerprint of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in differ-ent collecting seasons.After identification with reference substances,peak 3 was confirmed as chlorogenic acid absorp-tion peak.The quality of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons from June to July fluctuated greatly,and there was a big difference in quality compared with the samples collected after August.The quality of Ipomoer bata-tas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons collected in August and later period tended to be stable.The similarity of 10 batches of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons was 0.720-0.988.Two principal components were obtained by principal component analysis of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons.And the cumula-tive contribution rate of the two principal components reached 86.849%.The results of this study laid a foundation for the quality control of Ipomoer batatas Poir leaves in different collecting seasons and the quality evaluation of related agricul-tural products developed.

Abstract:Rongyu No.3 is a new fresh-eating potato cultivar,which was hybrid bred with Concorde as female parent and HZ95-7 as male parent.It is mid-early maturity,with a growth period of about 79 days.Sweet potatoes are concentrated,with 3.0 potatoes per plant,tuber mass of 548.7 g per plant,the large and medium-sized potato rate is 71.9%,and the yield is about 1700 kg per 667 m2.The tuber is oval shape,with yellow skin and medium yellow flesh,shallow and few bud eyes,and smooth skin.The dry matter content is 22.46 g·100 g-1,starch content is 16.10 g·100 g-1,vitamin C content is 18.40 mg·100 g-1,crude protein content is 2.19 g·100 g-1,and reducing sugar content is 0.37 g·100 g-1.It's moderately resistant to late blight,and highly resistant to virus diseases.It is suitable for planting in winter and spring in areas with an altitude of 500 to 1800 m in Sichuan province.

Abstract:This study aims to investigate the quality and flavor characteristics changes of Grifola frondosa fruiting body at different maturity levels and determine its optimal harvest period.Assessed the texture properties,free amino acid compo-sition,volatile compounds,and taste attributes of Grifola frondosa fruiting body at three maturity levels:T1(five or six maturity),T2(seven or eight maturity)and T3(nine or ten maturity).The textural properties were characterized using a texture analyzer in TPA.The free amino acid composition were analyzed using amino acid analyzers.Flavor characteris-tics were assessed by an electronic nose,taste by an electronic tongue.The results indicated that the texture quality at the T2 exhibited better springiness and chewiness.The total free amino acid content and glutamic acid levels peaked at the T1 stage(15.94 and 2.62 mg·g-1,respectively)and gradually declined with increasing maturity.Electronic tongue analysis demonstrated that umami intensity and richness were highest at the T1 stage,and then T2 stage.Electronic nose analysis revealed that sulfur compounds,alcohols and nitrogen oxides compounds were key factors distinguishing maturity levels.In general,harvesting was recommended during the T2 period to achieve the optimal balance among the quality,yield,and flavor characteristics of Grifola frondosa fruiting body.The research results could provide theoretical basis and refer-ence for the application of Grifola frondosa harvesting.

Abstract:Tangza No.7 is a new female cucumber hybrid developed by crossing MS516 as female parent and LB09 as male parent.Its growth potential and leaf size was medium.The length of commercial fruit was 14.0-16.0 cm,the trans-verse diameter was 4.2-4.7 cm.The average single fruit mass was 150.0-180.0 g.The fruits is straight,smooth and cylin-drical shape.The color was light green and uniform.Sparse tumor is small and white.The taste was crisp and sweet.The content of soluble solids is 4.1％,the content of vitamin C was 12.2 mg·100 g-1,the content of soluble sugar is 1.85％,the content of dry matter is 4.5 g·100 g-1,the average output of 667 m2 was 6 773.08 kg.It has high resistance to bacterial angular leaf spot,and resistance to downy mildew.It is suitable for early spring and late autumn cultivation for protected areas in Tangshan.

Abstract:In order to screen out high-yield and high-quality Lentinula edodes varieties suitable for planting in western Henan,11 major agronomic traits of 24 varieties were selected as evaluation indexes,and comprehensive evaluation was carried out by grey correlation degree and DTOPSIS.The results showed that the correlation between the ranking of grey correlation method and the ranking of yield was low(r=0.476),and the evaluation paid more attention to the balance of traits.In contrast,the ranking of DTOPSIS method was significantly correlated with the ranking of yield(r=0.941),which was closer to the breeding goal of high yield and high quality.Both methods could reflect the comprehensive performance of Lentinula edodes varieties to a certain extent.The maximum difference rate of Ci value of DTOPSIS method was 56.37％,which was higher than the maximum difference rate of Gi value of grey correlation method(24.17％),indicating that the DTOPSIS method better highlight the differences and comparative advantages among varieties.Therefore,the DTOPSIS method is more suitable for comprehensive evaluation of Lentinula edodes varieties.Based on the screening re-sults of both analytical methods,X15(Dehai No.1),X12(808-2)and X20(Shenxiang 215)exhibited superior comprehen-sive traits and were recommended for local promotion and application.

Abstract:China's scallion industry has maintained a stable development trend overall and holds a dominant position in the international scallion industry.This study,based on domestic and international supply and demand data of scallions,price fluctuations and cost-benefit analysis of scallions in China,systematically analyzed the current market supply and demand,economic benefits and main problems of the scallion industry.The research found that at present,China's scal-lion industry faces prominent issues such as single variety,low degree of mechanization,high concentration of export mar-kets,insufficient investment in scientific and technological research and development,and lack of an industry early warn-ing system,which restrict the sustainable development of the industry.Based on this,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from aspects such as cultivating new scallion varieties,promoting large-scale planting,exploring diversified markets,enhancing scallion quality with technology,and establishing a scallion industry early warning system,to improve the overall competitiveness of China's scallion industry and promote high-quality development of the scallion industry.

Abstract:Genomic DNA extracted directly from plant seeds could be used for molecular identification of seed purity and specific genotypes.There is no report on efficient direct extraction methods for genomic DNA from single dry celery seed until now.In this study,the single dried celery seed was subjected to extract genome DNA by alkaline lysis method,which was utilized as the template for PCR(polymerase chain reaction)amplification withActin-specific primers to verify whether the extracted genomic DNA meets the requirements for molecular detection.The results showed that clear specific bands were obtained by PCR amplification,demonstrating that the genomic DNA directly extracted from single dry celery seed was suitable for PCR amplification.To assess DNA stability,PCR amplification was conducted using the genomic DNA stored at 4 ℃ for 14 days,and successful amplification was confirmed by the presence of expected bands in agarose gels.This study established a rapid,simple and highly efficient method for extracting genomic DNA from individual dried celery seed.The extracted genome DNA was suitable for PCR amplification and exhibited good stability.It could be used for MAS of celery seed purity and specific genotypes.

Abstract:To achieve rapid and accurate identification of cherry tomato fruit ripeness in greenhouse environment,this study proposed a ripeness detection algorithm based on the stereoscopic spatial pyramid attention network(SSPENet).First,a spatial stereoscopic attention mechanism(SSAM)was constructed to enhance the perception of fruit features by adaptively focusing on key regions.Second,a local attention pyramid module(LAPM)was incorporated into the neck network to strengthen the feature fusion of small-scale cherry tomato,thereby improving detection accuracy for small-scale targets.Finally,an efficient geometric regression loss function(LEGR)was proposed to optimize the geometric properties of bounding boxes,further improving the localization accuracy for small-scale cherry tomatoes.The experimental results showed that SSPENet achieved 96.1％mAP on the cherry tomato ripeness dataset,representing a 5.1 percentage point improvement over the baseline model,with an inference speed of 94.7 frames per second.This achieved a good balance between detection accuracy and computational efficiency.This study provides an efficient and scalable technical solution for cherry tomato ripeness detection in greenhouse environment,with broad application prospects.

Abstract:To investigate DNA extraction methods from melon leaves suitable for Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR(KASP)marker detection system,this study used melon parents B551,B22 and their F1 hybrid(B551×B22)as materi-als.Three DNA extraction methods including alkaline lysis,CTAB and a commercial magnetic bead-based kit-were em-ployed to extract DNA from melon leaves.The effects of these three DNA extraction mehods on the KASP marker detec-tion system were analyzed.DNA quality assessment results showed that the commercial kit method effectively removed impurities such as proteins,polyphenols,and polysaccharides from melon leaves,achieving a KASP detection accuracy of 100％.The CTAB method achieved a detection accuracy of 97.2％,while the alkaline lysis method achieved a detection of 69.4％.In conclusion,the commercial magnetic bead-based kit is the most suitable for high-throughput KASP detection,the CTAB method can be used for small-scale detection,and the alkaline lysis method is not suitable for DNA extraction from melon leaves in KASP marker detection systems.

Abstract:Colored potato is rich in anthocyanins,and their tubers and processed products have bright colors,rich nutri-tion,and high market recognition.Anthocyanins possess certain health benefits,such as enhancing immune function and antioxidant activity,which contribute positively to human health.The accumulation of anthocyanins in colored potato is comprehensively regulated by multiple factors.Intrinsic factors,including different varieties,tissue specificity,and growth stages,directly determine anthocyanin content.Meanwhile,external environmental factors,such as temperature,light,water,plant hormones and pH,also influence the content of anthocyanins,and induce corresponding changes in the expression of structural and regulatory genes.To further elucidate the factors influencing anthocyanin synthesis and its un-derliying mechanisms in colored potato,this paper summarizes the intrinsic and environmental factors affecting anthocy-anin content,discusses existing challenges in the study of its synthesis mechanism,and proposes corresponding solutions,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for the breeding and processing of high anthocyanin colored potato.