Abstract:The experiment aims to develop a urine preservative test strip mainly composed of musk grass phenol and with adaptive urine volume,and to verify its preservative effect in the chemical detection of Beagle dog urine,providing an efficient preservation solution for animal experiments.Ten healthy Beagle dogs(half male and half female,1～2 years old,weighing 8～12 kg)were selected.20 mL of fresh urine samples were collected from each dog and they were divided into a non-additive control group and a preservative test strip group.The specimens were stored at room temperature(20～25℃)and refrigerated(2～8℃)for 0,24 and 48 hours respectively,and the chemical parameters and bacterial count(BACT)were detected.The results showed that under refrigeration conditions,the coincidence rates of chemical parameters of the anti-corrosion test strip group at 24 and 48 hours were 99%and 99%respectively,which were higher than those of the non-additive group(98%and 96%,χ²=6.12,P=0.047).At room temperature for 24 hours,it was 88%,which was better than the non-additive group(81%,χ²=7.34,P=0.025).Correlation analysis showed that the specific gravity and occult blood of urine specimens in the refrigerated preservative test strip group were highly correlated with 0 h(R²>0.9),while those in the room temperature group were moderately correlated(R²=0.500～0.699).The BACT at room temperature group increased significantly over time(P<0.05).The BACT results of the cold storage group were stable,and the bacterial inhibition effect of the preservative test strip group was the best(24 h:72 878.57 pieces/μL,48 h:79 116.21 pieces/μL,P<0.05).Studies have shown that adaptive urine volume preservative test strips perform exceptionally well in the preservation of Beagle dog urine.They can maintain the stability of urine chemical test results for 48 hours under refrigeration conditions,significantly inhibit bacterial proliferation,and are easy to operate,providing a reliable tool for animal experiments and clinical urine analysis.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to study the amino acid digestibility of the commonly used diet raw materials for Qingjiao Ma broilers.56 20-week-old green-footed broilers with a body weight of(3.2±0.1)kg and cecal removal were randomly divided into eight groups,with seven replicates in each group and one broiler in each replicate.Each group was respectively fed with diets composed of different raw materials(corn,wheat,low-protein soybean meal,high-protein soybean meal,fermented soybean meal,cottonseed meal,corn protein powder,and corn starch).Among them,Group 8 in the experiment were used to determine the endogenous amino acid excretion,and the other seven groups were used to determine the amino acid digestibility corresponding to the seven raw materials.The results show:The apparent digestibility of total amino acids of corn,wheat,low-protein soybean meal,high-protein soybean meal,cottonseed meal,fermented soybean meal,and corn protein powder was 78.16％,77.17％,84.21％,86.82％,82.14％,87.36％,and 84.62％respectively.The true digestibility rates of total amino acids were 84.10％,81.17％,86.34％,88.93％,84.53％,89.44％,and 87.35％respectively.Studies have shown that the apparent total amino acid digestibility and true digestibility of energy diet raw materials are lower than those of protein diet raw materials.Among the raw materials of protein diets,cottonseed meal has the lowest apparent digestibility and true digestibility of total amino acids,while fermented soybean meal has the highest.High-protein soybean meal is higher than low-protein soybean meal.

Abstract:The study aims to understand the prevalence of bacterial diseases in Liangshan black sheep in Butuo County,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture.Throat swabs and fecal samples from sheep in various towns and townships of the area were collected.Four pathogens(Pasteurella,Streptococcus,Salmonella,and Mycoplasma)were detected by PCR method and the positive rates were statistically analyzed.The results showed that the positive rates of Pasteurella,Streptococcus,and Salmonella in Liangshan black sheep of Butuo County were 0,and the positive rate of Mycoplasma was 47.15%(116/246).Studies have shown that there is an epidemic of Mycoplasma in the Liangshan black sheep herd in Butuo County.The investigation and in-depth analysis of the epidemic situation of bacterial diseases in Liangshan black sheep in this area have provided a reference for the establishment of a local early warning mechanism for sheep diseases.

Abstract:The experiment took Jinta County as the site for the multiple cropping of forage crops to study the production effect of the multiple cropping of oat grass and forage corn.By comparing the agronomic traits,production performance,nutritional quality and other indicators of three oat grass and three multiple cropping forage corn varieties with the production status of forage corn planted in the regular season,the production effect and feasibility of different varieties of oat grass and multiple cropping forage corn were determined.The results showed that in terms of agronomic traits,the plant height of the Mondragon variety was 147.67 cm,significantly higher than that of Morgan and Caesar(P<0.05).The average node height of the Mondragon variety was 23.97 cm,significantly higher than that of Morgan(P<0.05).The plant height of Jiyu 516 was 273.33 cm and the stem diameter was 21.75 mm,which were significantly higher than those of Yefeng 402(P<0.05).The indicators such as the number of leaves,spike height,stem weight and leaf weight were also the highest.The emergence rate of Yefeng 402 was 92.59％,significantly higher than that of Gaoyu 2300(P<0.05).In terms of production performance,Jiyu 516 had the highest cluster yield(30.03 t/hm2),which was significantly higher than that of Yefeng 402(P<0.05).The fresh grass yield of Jiyu 516 was 68.55 t/hm2,significantly higher than that of Gaoyu 2300(P<0.05).In terms of nutritional quality,Morgan had the highest dry matter digestibility and relative feed value,reaching 62.30％and 105.56 respectively,which were significantly higher than those of Caesar(P<0.05).The crude protein content of Jiyu 516 was 9.13％and its relative feed value was 154.86,which was significantly higher than that of Gaoyu 2300(P<0.05).Research shows that the forage production method of re-planting forage corn after the harvest of oat grass can effectively increase forage yield and meet the demand for forage supply,and is suitable for promotion in Jinta area.

Abstract:The experiment aims to explore the probiotic properties and safety of Lactobacillus in the reproductive tracts of postpartum healthy dairy cows.The uterine secretions of healthy dairy cows 26 days postpartum were collected aseptically.Lactobacillus were isolated using MRS Medium.The types of isolates were identified by Gram staining,biochemical characteristic identification and 16S rRNA sequence.The probiotic properties and safety of the isolates were evaluated through tests such as acid production capacity,antibacterial ability,antibiotic sensitivity,hemolysis characteristics and adhesion.The results showed that the isolated strain Y70 was Limosilactobacillus pontis,which had a fast growth rate and a short cycle.The pH value of the bacterial liquid eventually stabilized at around 3.6,indicating a strong acid production capacity.The cell-free supernatant of the strain can inhibit the proliferation of five common pathogenic bacteria,namely Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Listeria and Salmonella pullorum disease,among which the inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the strongest.The isolated strain Y70 was sensitive or moderately sensitive to 11 common antibiotics such as ampicillin and erythromycin,but showed certain resistance to eight antibiotics such as tetracycline and oxacillin.The strain did not exhibit hemolysis but showed γ-hemolysis.When the infection multiplicity(MOI)=100,the adhesion to Caco-2 cells can reach 40％(40 CFU/cell),indicating strong adhesion.Studies have shown that Limosilactobacillus pontis Y70 has excellent probiotic properties and can be used as a candidate strain for the development of microecological preparations for bovine endometritis.

Abstract:The experiment aimed to evaluate the irritability of fluralaner spot-on solution at the administration site and detect whether the preparation might cause delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.Normal and broken skin irritation tests as well as ocular irritation tests were conducted on New Zealand rabbits,and skin sensitization tests were carried out on guinea pigs.The results showed that the fluralaner spot-on solution did not cause any skin erydness or edema or other irritating reactions on the normal and damaged skin of New Zealand rabbits.The irritating reactions to the eyes of New Zealand rabbits was between non-irritating and mild irritating,and no skin allergic reaction occurred in guinea pigs.Studies have shown that fluralaner spot-on solution are safe and non-allergenic to animal skin,but they are irritating to the eyes.When using them,care should be taken to avoid direct contact with the eyes.

Abstract:The experiment aims to clarify the drug resistance of the Liaoning isolate of pathogenic Escherichia coli in chicks,providing a reference for screening sensitive drugs and formulating scientific prevention and control measures for chicken Escherichia coli disease.Sterile samples of the liver and other diseased feed from sick chicks were collected.They were isolated and cultured using 10％sheep blood AGAR.Molecular biology techniques were combined for pathogen identification,mouse pathogenicity tests and drug sensitivity tests.The results showed that the colonies conformed to the growth characteristics of Escherichia coli.The size of the molecular biology PCR amplification product was approximately 1 500 bp,which was consistent with the expected size.It was confirmed that one Escherichia coli isolate was isolated.The results of the pathogenicity test showed that 100％of the mice vaccinated with the isolated strain fell ill,which could cause pathological damage to multiple organs such as the liver,lungs and intestines,proving that the Liaoning isolate of Escherichia coli in chicks has strong pathogenicity.The results of the drug sensitivity test showed that the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin,amikacin,minocycline and azithromycin,but resistant to nine commonly used antibiotics such as ceftazidime,tetracycline,and kanamycin.Studies have shown that the Liaoning strain of Escherichia coli from chicks has strong pathogenicity and has developed resistance to most antibiotics,but there are still some sensitive drugs that can be used to prevent and treat its infection.

Abstract:Mume Fructus is formed by the drying of the mature fruit of Prunus mume,a plant of the Rosaceae family.It is a precious traditional Chinese medicine and also a plant that is both edible and medicinal.Mume Fructus is rich in bioactive substances such as flavonoids,phenols and organic acids,and has multiple biological functions including anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-bacterial and anti-diarrheal.The organic acid substances in Mume Fructus protect cardiomyocytes by regulating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element(ARE)signaling pathway,which hinders the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Sterol substances can treat various diseases such as metabolic system diseases,reproductive system diseases,and immune system diseases through multiple targets and pathways.The flavonoids in dried plums can control the number of eosinophils,thereby significantly suppressing asthma symptoms.The application of Mume Fructus in modern scientific livestock and poultry breeding practice can significantly improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry.The article systematically reviews the various biological active components of Mume Fructus and their mechanisms of action,as well as its related applications in livestock and poultry breeding,with the aim of provide a reference for the further development and utilization of medicinal resources of Mume Fructus in China.

Abstract:The research aims to provide a reference for formulating scientific breeding standards for cashmere goats in Xizang.Sixteen 90-day-pregnant ewes were randomly divided into four groups in the experiment,with four replicates in each group and one sheep in each replicate.The four groups were respectively recorded as Group N1,Group N2,Group N3 and Group N4.The dietary energy levels were set at 8.50,10.00,11.50,and 13.00 MJ/kg DM respectively.The levels of crude protein and other nutrients in the diet were consistent,and the proportions of crude feed were 65.00%,53.89%,40.13%,and 30.00%respectively.The experimental period is 45 days.The results showed that the average daily weight gain of ewes increased with the increase of energy intake.Among them,the average daily weight gain of Group N4 was the highest,at 95.34 g/(sheep·d),which was significantly higher than that of Groups N1 and N2(P<0.05).The total energy digestible rate(DE/GE)of the four groups of pregnant ewes ranged from 57.50%～66.37%,and the total energy metabolic rate(ME/GE)ranged from 25.80%～47.32%,all of which increased with the increase of the dietary energy level.The energy concentration of the maternal body of pregnant ewes in each group was 10.47～13.09 MJ/kg,the energy concentration of pregnancy products was 3.19～4.87 MJ/kg,and the proportion of pregnancy products in the body weight of ewes was 12.14%～13.90%.On the 90th day of pregnancy and the day of delivery,the content of total cholesterol(TC)in the serum of cashmere goats in Group N4 was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).On the day of delivery,the serum triglyceride(TG)content of cashmere goats in Groups N3 and N4 was significantly higher than that in Group N1(P<0.05),and the serum glucose(GLU)content in Groups N2 and N4 was significantly higher than that in Groups N1 and N3(P<0.05).The study indicates that during the late gestation period,the average daily weight gain of Tibetan cashmere goats increased with higher dietary energy levels,while energy intake,energy metabolic rate,and digestible energy metabolic rate also rose accordingly.

Abstract:To improve the accuracy and efficiency of differential diagnosis of canine splenic lymphoma,the hematoxylin-eosin staining method and immunohistochemical technique were adopted in this study to analyze and identify the histological cytological characteristics and immunophenotypes of five suspected cases of canine splenic lymphoma.The results showed that all cases had abnormal spleen structure and abnormal lymphocyte proliferation.The macrophages in the lesion area of Dog No.1 showed starry sky changes.The tumor cells of Dog No.4 had bubble-shaped nuclei and mitotic phases were common.The tumor cells of Dog No.5 presented marginal zone cell morphology.The immunohistochemical results showed that the positive rate of the molecular marker CD20 in Dogs No.1,No.2,No.4,and No.5 was higher than 80％,and the positive rate of CD3 was lower than 20％,clearly indicating B-cell origin.After combining their histopathological characteristics,they were diagnosed as diffuse large cell B lymphoma(Dogs No.1,No.2,and No.4)and marginal zone lymphoma(Dog No.5),respectively.The ratio of molecular markers CD20/CD3 in Dog No.3 is relatively low,and the distribution pattern of the two markers is consistent with that of normal spleen tissue.The diagnosis is reactive hyperplasia.Studies have shown that the combined detection of CD20 and CD3 can effectively distinguish canine spleen B lymphoma from reactive hyperplasia.Combined with auxiliary markers such as germinal center marker CD10 and complement receptor CD21,subtypes can be further refined,providing a certain reference for the standardized diagnosis of canine spleen lymphoma.

Abstract:In order to deeply analyze the law of spatial and temporal variation of eco-efficiency of grassland animal husbandry,the study used the super-efficiency EBM-Malmquist model combined with ArcGIS GIS,combined with the spatial and temporal variation of grassland cover,to analyze the spatial and temporal differences of eco-efficiency of animal husbandry in the eastern part of the Mengdong region from 2002 to 2020,and used the inputs of labor,technology,energy and land as the inputs.labor,technology,energy and land inputs were used as input variables,and the total output value of animal husbandry and NDVI were used as desired outputs and carbon emissions from animal husbandry were used as non-desired outputs.The eco-efficiency of grassland animal husbandry was measured from the perspective of inputs and outputs,and the spatial and temporal evolution of grassland geodynamics in Inner Mongolia was investigated by introducing the four-phase 1 km land type raster data.The results showed that the restoration effect of grassland geodynamics in grazed pastures was significant but the overall trend of grassland degradation was unavoidable.The overall development level of grassland eco-efficiency in Inner Mongolia showed a fluctuating upward trend,in which the eco-efficiency level showed a low peak in 2013,and the fastest increase in the development level in 2018-2020.Regional development differences are significant and there is a trend of expanding differences.The results of intra-regional eco-efficiency analysis show that technological progress is the main driving force for eco-efficiency improvement,but the role of technological efficiency improvement is weak,regional heterogeneity of the grassland eco-efficiency development level is caused by regional development bias,and the lagging law of economic development in the areas with superior natural capital still exists.

Abstract:A 3-month-old British Shorthair cat with a purple and gold tabby color was found to have rapid breathing,an enlarged abdomen,reduced appetite and a depressed spirit by its owner,so it came to the hospital for treatment.After clinical examination,laboratory tests,imaging examinations and fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR detection of feline coronavirus,it is highly suspected that the cat has exudative feline infectious peritonitis.The treatment was based on the principles of targeted antiviral drugs and symptomatic treatment.After 12 days of inpatient treatment,the symptoms of the affected cat disappeared and all indicators were normal,so it was discharged.After discharge,the medication plan was adjusted and the treatment continued for 12 weeks.Eventually,the affected cat recovered.

Abstract:The research aims to provide references for the breeding of alkali-tolerant varieties of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.and its cultivation on saline-alkali land.The experiment used 10 new varieties of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.as materials and subjected them to alkaline stress treatment during the germination period with solutions of different concentrations of Na2CO3(20,40,60,80 mmol/L)and NaHCO3(40,60,80,100 mmol/L).The germination potential,germination rate,germination index,vitality index,root length and bud length were measured.To explore the effects of different concentrations of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 on the germination of seeds of different strains of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.The results showed that when the concentration of Na2CO3 reached 80 mmol/L,the strains CG01,CG08,and CG09 had completely stopped germinating.When the concentration of NaHCO3 was 40 and 60 mmol/L,the germination index of most strains showed a decreasing trend.It was found that 60 mmol/L Na2CO3 and 80 mmol/L NaHCO3 are the appropriate concentrations for evaluating alkali tolerance during the germination period,and the relative germination index and relative activity index can be used as alkali tolerance identification indicators.Strains CG03,CG05,and CG08 all demonstrated strong germination alkali tolerance under two types of alkali stress and can be used as preferred materials for alkali-tolerant breeding.Research shows that the experiment determined the key indicators and appropriate stress concentrations for evaluating the alkali tolerance of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.during the germination period,and screened out the strain CG03 with outstanding alkali tolerance.

Abstract:A 9-year-old British Shorthair cat,in an average mental state,came to the hospital for treatment due to insufficient water intake and defecation once a week.The diagnosis was made through a combination of clinical examination,laboratory tests and imaging examinations,and it was confirmed that the affected cat had megacolon.Subtotal colectomy was performed for surgical treatment,and continuous observation was conducted for 3 days after the operation.Seven days later,the affected cat was re-examined and recovered well.There was no fecal accumulation in the colon,but there was still mild inflammation.Oral administration of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium was used to control the inflammation,and the amount and frequency of water intake were increased.Thirty days after the treatment ended,a follow-up phone call was made.The pet owner reported that the affected cat had normal bowel movements,good appetite and a good mental state.

Abstract:Luteolin nano-liposomes were studied and prepared,and their preparation process was optimized,aiming to improve the bioavailability of luteolin.The effects of lipid-bile ratio,lipid-drug ratio,preparation temperature,etc.on the encapsulation rate was investigated through single-factor experiments,and a mathematical model was established based on the response surface method to predict the optimal preparation conditions.The results show that when the lipid-drug ratio is 30,the encapsulation rate can reach up to 84.04%at the highest.When the lipid-to-bile ratio is 6,the encapsulation rate reaches 83.10%.When the preparation temperature is 45℃,the encapsulation rate reaches 82.39%.The encapsulation rate was 85.30%after 12 minutes of ultrasound.When the concentration of surfactant is 8 g/L,the encapsulation efficiency reaches 80.84%.When the hydration volume is 15 mL,the encapsulation efficiency reaches 84.80%.The lipid-bile ratio,lipid-drug ratio and preparation temperature have a significant impact on the encapsulation rate of liposomes.The analysis results of the Box-Behnken response surface method indicated that the optimal preparation process conditions of luteolin nano-liposomes were a lipid-drug ratio of 28.8,a lipid-bile ratio of 5.4,a preparation temperature of 46.1℃,a surfactant concentration of 8 g/L,an ultrasonic time of 12 min,and a hydration volume of 15 mL.Under these conditions,the encapsulation rate was expected to reach more than 88%.Studies have shown that the experimental results provide certain references for the efficient preparation of luteolin liposomes and the improvement of the bioavailability of luteolin.

Abstract:The study aims to compare the effects of stress-induced diarrhea in pregnant New Zealand rabbits on various indicators of the embryo-fetal development(EFD)test.Pregnant rabbits in the negative control group from the EFD trials of Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co.,Ltd.from 2020 to 2023 were selected.The effects of diarrhea on the maternal weight,pregnancy status,and the growth and development of the fetus during pregnancy were statistically analyzed.The results showed that compared with the non-diarrhea group(n=73),the body weight,total weight gain,combined fetal weight and uterine weight of New Zealand rabbits in the diarrhea group(n=17)from the 10th to the 29th day of gestation were extremely reduced(P<0.01).Compared with the non-diarrhea group,the mortality rate and absorption rate of embryos after implantation in the diarrhea group were extremely increased(P<0.01),the average number of live births was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the implantation rate and live birth rate were extremely decreased(P<0.01).After removing the pit effect,the mortality rate and absorption rate after implantation still increased significantly(P<0.05),while the live birth rate decreased significantly(P<0.05).In the non-diarrhea group,710 fetuses were delivered,while in the diarrhea group,119 fetuses were delivered.Compared with the non-diarrhea group,the fetal weight and placental weight in the diarrhea group were extremely reduced(P<0.01),and the apical hip length and tail length were extremely shortened(P<0.01).In the non-diarrhea group,there was one case of capless fetus,with an abnormal rate of 0.14%.A total of 388 fetuses underwent head examinations,including 332 cases in the non-diarrhea group and 56 cases in the diarrhea group.The total malformation rate of fetal internal organs in the diarrhea group(excluding the pit effect)was 0.79%,slightly higher than that in the non-diarrhea group.The total bone deformity rate(excluding pit effect)in the diarrhea group was 2.50%,slightly lower than that in the non-diarrhea group.There were no significant differences in the abnormal rates of second ventricle dilation,peritoneal effusion,five sternal points,0 to 4 sternal points,sternal deformity,sternal ossification defect,rib deformity,and anterior and posterior limb band deformity between the two groups(P>0.05).Studies have shown that stress-induced diarrhea in pregnant New Zealand rabbits mainly increases the rate of absorbed fetuses and has no significant impact on the key evaluation indicators of EFD studies(appearance,internal organs,and bones).

Abstract:Canine coronavirus disease of enteritis type is a highly contagious disease with gastroenteritis as the main symptom.It mainly affects young dogs,especially puppies under 2 months old,which are highly susceptible to infection and have a relatively high fatality rate.This article elaborates on the pathogen,epidemiology,pathogenic mechanism,immune mechanism,prevention and treatment of canine coronavirus disease of enteritis type from multiple perspectives,aiming to provide references for the immune research,diagnosis,prevention and treatment of this disease,and to formulate effective prevention and treatment measures based on epidemiological laws,pathogenic mechanism,immune mechanism and clinical practice experience.

Abstract:An epidemiological investigation of paratubercullosis in cattle was conducted in the Urumqi-Changji Region of Xinjiang.Based on the investigation results,effective prevention and control measures were formulated with the aim of curbing the upward trend of paratubercullosis in cattle in a short period of time.A total of 242 anticoagulant blood samples,anal swabs and fecal samples were collected from 11 experimental cattle farms with fever and diarrhea in the Urumqi-Changji Region.Meanwhile,134 serum samples of beef cattle were randomly sampled in the jurisdiction of Changji Prefecture.Serological tests were conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Subsequently,three cattle farms with a relatively high positive rate of serological tests were selected.The anticoagulant blood and anal and fecal swab samples from the diseased cattle with positive serological tests in these farms were subjected to bacterial isolation and purification as well as pathogen detection.The results showed that a total of 376 blood samples were collected,and 50 were positive,with an average positive detection rate of 13.30%.A total of 242 serum samples from cases of fever and diarrhea were collected from 11 experimental cattle farms,among which 38 were positive,with a positive rate of 15.70%.A total of 134 serum samples were randomly inspected,and 12 were positive,with a positive rate of 8.96%.Among the 11 cattle farms sampled,eight were found to be positive,with a positive rate of 72.73%in the farm cluster.Studies have shown that the overall infection rate of paratubertuberculosis in beef cattle in the Urumqi-Changji Region of Xinjiang is relatively high,indicating that paratubertuberculosis in cattle is one of the important causes of stubborn diarrhea in beef cattle.

Abstract:An 8-year-old male Australian Shepherd with only left renal lymphoma visited the hospital due to symptoms such as acute vomiting and diarrhea.After hematological,abdominal ultrasound,X-ray,cardiac ultrasound and CT contrast examinations,he was diagnosed with main artery thrombosis.Aortic thrombosis affects intestinal tissue perfusion and induces gastrointestinal symptoms such as acute vomiting and diarrhea.In the clinical diagnosis and treatment of small animals,cases of aortic thrombosis in dogs are relatively rare,and the diagnosis is relatively difficult,requiring auxiliary imaging diagnosis.This article records the diagnosis and treatment process of this case of aortic thrombosis in dogs,with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

Abstract:The experiment aims to establish a method for reducing the endotoxin content in newborn bovine serum.Three groups of newborn bovine serum raw materials with excessive endotoxin(>10 EU/mL)were selected for the experiment.Surfactant Triton X-100 and a mixture of montmorillonite and perlite in a specific proportion were used for step-by-step treatment and adsorption.The physicochemical indicators of newborn bovine serum(including the contents of endotoxin,hemoglobin,total protein,and molar osmotic pressure concentration,pH value)and the culture effects of cells(VERO cells,KMB-17 cells,and 293T cells)before and after treatment were compared.The results showed that this method could extremely reduce the endotoxin content in newborn bovine serum(P<0.01).The endotoxin content in the newborn bovine serum of Groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ decreased from 38.1,48.0,and 24.2 EU/mL to 2.5,4.4,and 1.7 EU/mL,respectively.There were no significant differences in the contents of hemoglobin and total protein,molar osmotic pressure concentration and pH value of newborn bovine serum before and after treatment(P>0.05).The treated neonatal bovine serum could normally culture VERO cells,KMB-17 cells and 293T cells,and the cell growth trend was consistent with that of the newborn bovine serum and the control group serum before treatment.Studies have shown that the method used in the experiment can effectively reduce the endotoxin content in newborn bovine serum,without any side effects such as destruction or reduction of the main nutrients in newborn bovine serum,and will not affect the normal growth of VERO cells,KMB-17 cells,and 293T cells.