Abstract:The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)is a core member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family.It undergoes phosphorylation modification under intra-and extracellular environmental stimuli,transmits signals through a three-tier kinase cascade reaction,and subsequently initiates downstream responses.As a key hub in intracellular signal transduction,this pathway not only forms an interactive regulatory network with multiple cellular signaling pathways but also deeply participates in physiological and pathological processes such as cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,as well as organismal growth,metabolism,and inflammatory responses.Extensive studies have confirmed that the p38 MAPK pathway is closely associated with the pathological progression of pulmonary inflammatory diseases,including bronchopulmonary dysplasia,acute respiratory distress syndrome,asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and virus infection-related acute lung injury.This article systematically reviews the pathobiological regulatory role of p38 MAPK in the aforementioned diseases,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for developing this pathway as a molecular target for novel therapeutic strategies.

Abstract:Objective Based on the ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS),network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,to systematically analyze the multi-target mechanism of Tianxiangdan against atherosclerosis(AS).Methods UPLC-MS/MS was used to determine the effective active ingredients of Tianxiangdan,and the components of Tianxiangdan were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by mass spectrometry to obtain mass spectrometry analysis data.Predict potential anti AS targets of Tianxiangdan through database retrieval and network analysis,and construct an active ingredient target network;Conduct molecular docking studies on the active ingredients and potential targets of Tianxiangdan,construct the interaction network between target proteins and genes,and analyze them.Results The effective active ingredients of Tianxiangdan were determined by UPLC-MS/MS,and the active ingredients of tanshinone IIA,quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,kaempferide,salidroside,resveratrol,diosmetin,naringenin,and catechin were obtained.Network pharmacology predicted 139 potential targets and 10 active ingredients for Tianxiangdan in treating AS.Through topological analysis of protein-protein interaction networks,the following 10 key targets of Tianxiangdan for treating AS were identified:tumor necrosis factor,protein kinase B,interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,insulin,prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2,tumor protein p53,matrix metalloproteinase 9,estrogen receptor 1,and mitogen activated protein kinase 3.Gene ontology enrichment analysis shows that Tianxiangdan can regulate the occurrence and development process of AS through multiple pathways.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis shows that Tianxiangdan may exert anti AS effects by regulating multiple metabolic pathways such as Toll like receptor signaling pathway,nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,and NOD like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion The mechanism of action of Tianxiangdan against AS has the characteristics of multi-target and multi pathway.It mainly achieves therapeutic effects by regulating key inflammation related pathways such as Toll like receptor signaling pathway,nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,and NOD like receptor signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Kunling Pill improves cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)in rats by regulating the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)/inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B(I-κB)signaling pathway.Methods 45 Sprague Dawley(SD)female rats with normal estrous cycles were randomly divided into a normal control group,a model group,a positive drug group(estradiol valerate),a low-dose Kunling Pill group(0.5 g/kg),and a high-dose Kunling Pill group(1 g/kg),with 9 rats in each group.Except for the normal control group,all groups were established with a single injection of CTX(90 mg/kg)to establish a rat DOR model.After 28 days of continuous oral administration,serum hormones estradiol(E2),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),inflammatory factors interleukin-1 beta(IL-1 β),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-6(IL-6),and ovarian tissue NF-κB/IκB protein expression were detected.Results As a result,Kunling Pill can regulate the hormone levels in rats.Compared with the model group,the low-dose Kunling Pill group and high-dose Kunling Pill group showed significant increases in serum AMH and E2,while FSH showed no significant changes.Kunling Pill reduces the accumulation of IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum of DOR rats,and lowers the levels of NF-κB and I-κB to alleviate inflammatory reactions.Conclusion Kunling Pill can improve ovarian reserve function.The mechanism may be mediated by inhibiting the NF-κB/I-κ B pathway to alleviate inflammation induced ovarian damage and improve rat ovarian function.

Abstract:The pathogenesis and intervention strategies for post-stroke depression(PSD)can be elucidated through an integrative perspective grounded in the theory of"Brain-Viscera Interconnection".Modern medical research indicates that PSD is closely associated with an imbalance of neurotransmitters(such as 5-HT,NE,DA),overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis,impaired neuroplasticity,release of pro-inflammatory cytokines(e.g.,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α),decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),genetic polymorphisms(e.g.,in the serotonin transporter gene and dopamine receptor genes),as well as structural and functional abnormalities in emotion-related brain regions including the frontal lobe,temporal lobe,and hippocampus.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)posits that the brain and visceral organs are interconnected and mutually influential through the meridian system.A stroke causes brain injury and disrupts mental activity,which can transmit pathogenic factors via the meridians,leading to functional disorders of the heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys,and other viscera.Conversely,visceral dysfunction can further disturb the brain,aggravating mental impairment.This forms the"brain affecting viscera-viscera impairing brain"bidirectional pathological cycle in PSD.This theoretical framework reveals the multi-system network interactions-through the neuro-endocrine-immune-metabolic(e.g.,gut microbiota)network-between the brain and visceral axes(such as liver,heart,spleen,gastrointestinal tract,lungs,kidneys)in the pathogenesis of PSD.Based on this theory,interventions such as Chinese herbal medicine for soothing the liver,strengthening the spleen,and nourishing the heart(e.g.,Chaihu-class formulas,Guipi Tang,and Shugan Jieyu Capsule),emotion-regulating therapies,and acupuncture can multi-targetedly modulate neurotransmitters,stabilize the HPA axis,elevate BDNF levels,inhibit inflammatory responses,improve neuroplasticity,and regulate gut microbiota,thereby effectively alleviating PSD.This integrative mechanism is further supported by a clinical randomized trial of the"Shen Dominating Qi"systematic acupuncture technique.In summary,these findings illuminate the cyclical pathological nature of PSD-"brain disease involving viscera and visceral disease damaging the brain"-and its multi-system network interactive pathogenesis,offering novel insights to overcome the limitations of single-target therapies.The proposed integrated intervention strategy,achieved through"regulating the spirit,harmonizing the viscera,and unblocking the meridians",enables multi-target synergistic effects,paving a new path for the integrative diagnosis and treatment of PSD.

Abstract:Facial paralysis is a common neurological disorder,mainly characterized by paralysis of the facial muscles of the affected side,and distortion of the mouth and eyes as clinical manifestations.The recovery period of facial paralysis(16 days to 6 months after onset)is a critical stage of the struggle between pathogenic and protective factors.The disease is located in the meridians of the head and face and is believed to be closely related to the dysfunction of the Xuanfu,collateral vessels,and tendons,which are related to each other,and together lead to the dysfunction of the facial muscles.In this paper,we propose therapeutic principles centered on the regulation of Xuanfu,dredging of collaterals,and toning of meridians and tendons in view of the pathological characteristics of facial paralysis in the recovery period.The clinical treatment is based on acupuncture and moxibustion with traditional Chinese medicine,mainly using pungent and insect medicines to dispel wind and clear the channels,combined with the meridian penetration method,which is effective in activating the nerve endings,improving the local circulation,inhibiting the inflammatory response,promoting the operation of qi and blood in the face,and restoring the function of the muscles.Based on the theory of"Xuanfu-Collateral Vessels-Tendons",this paper provides a traditional Chinese medicine treatment concept for facial paralysis during the recovery period,emphasising the combination of dredging and tonifying,and the harmonisation of qi and blood,which needs to be further optimised in the future to improve the clinical efficacy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and hypertension using Mendelian randomization(MR),and to predict potential Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)that may regulate both T2DM and hypertension.Methods Summary data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)on T2DM and hypertension were obtained from public databases.MR analysis was performed using the TwoSampleMR package in R,with the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method as the primary approach for assessing genetic causal effects.Functional enrichment analysis of instrumental variable-proximal genes was conducted to explore relevant signaling pathways.The Coremine database was used to predict CHMs with potential regulatory effects on these genes,and information on their properties,flavors,meridian tropisms,and efficacy was summarized.Results MR analysis revealed that T2DM was associated with an increased risk of hypertension.Instrumental variable-proximal genes were mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),rat sarcoma(Ras),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and endocrine resistance.CHMs were predominantly warm in property,supplemented by cold and neutral properties;bitter in flavor,complemented by sweet and pungent flavors;primarily associated with the liver meridian,followed by the lung,spleen,stomach,and kidney meridians.Their main efficacy was clearing heat,followed by tonifying deficiency,and also included activating blood circulation,regulating qi,dispelling wind-dampness,resolving phlegm and relieving cough and asthma,and promoting diuresis and draining dampness.Representative CHMs with these high-frequency characteristics included Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(Danshen),Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen),Coptidis Rhizoma(Huanglian),Scutellariae Radix(Huangqin),Curcumae Radix(Yujin),Curcumae Longae Rhizoma(Jianghuang),and Astragali Radix(Huangqi).Conclusion This MR analysis suggests that T2DM may increase the risk of hypertension,potentially mediated through signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt,MAPK,and Ras.Potential regulatory CHMs mainly include heat-clearing herbs,tonifying herbs,phlegm-resolving and cough-relieving herbs,and qi-regulating herbs,providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of diabetes complicated with hypertension using traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract:Membranous nephropathy is a common pathological type of adult nephrotic syndrome.Currently,Western medicine mainly adopts supportive treatment or immune modulation schemes;in contrast,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)demonstrates unique advantages in alleviating symptoms,reducing adverse reactions,and delaying disease progression through overall regulation and syndrome differentiation and treatment.Based on the method of"strengthening spleen and kidney,and removing blood stasis,"this article explores the TCM diagnosis and treatment approach for membranous nephropathy.Through literature analysis and clinical practice summary,it systematically expounds the theoretical basis of this treatment method:spleen deficiency leads to dampness retention,kidney deficiency leads to essence leakage,and prolonged illness leads to blood stasis in the meridians.These three factors are mutually causal,forming a vicious cycle.Clinical diagnosis and treatment require stage-specific syndrome differentiation.In the early stage,the main focus is on strengthening the spleen and resolving dampness;in the middle stage,it focuses on nourishing the kidney and promoting blood circulation;in the later stage,both attack and nourishment should be applied.Membranous nephropathy can be classified under the category of"edema"in traditional Chinese medicine theory.This article aims to elaborate on the diagnosis and treatment approach for membranous nephropathy based on the method of strengthening spleen and kidney,and removing blood stasis,and to explore the application value of TCM in the treatment of kidney diseases.By analyzing the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM and combining the theoretical basis of the method of strengthening spleen and kidney,and removing blood stasis,this article discusses its specific application in the treatment of membranous nephropathy,with the hope of providing theoretical support and practical guidance for clinical practice,and helping to improve the overall treatment effectiveness of membranous nephropathy.

Abstract:Depression is an increasingly serious mental health problem worldwide,with a complex pathogenesis involving multiple factors such as neurotransmitter imbalance,neuroinflammation,abnormal neurotrophic factors,and mitochondrial dysfunction.In recent years,the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine have shown potential application value in the treatment of depression due to their multi-target and multi pathway effects.Mitochondrial autophagy,as a key mechanism for clearing damaged mitochondria within cells,plays an important role in maintaining neuronal health.Research has shown that patients with depression often suffer from mitochondrial dysfunction,and active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine can improve such disorders by regulating mitochondrial autophagy,thereby alleviating depressive symptoms.In addition,oxidative stress also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of depression;The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species through antioxidant effects,protecting nerve cells from oxidative damage.Therefore,in-depth exploration of the mechanism by which active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine regulate mitochondrial autophagy and oxidative stress is of great significance for the development of novel treatment strategies for depression.

Abstract:Clinical practice often encounters cases of co-occurrence insomnia and forgetfulness.Professor ZHAN Libin possesses extensive clinical experience and has developed distinctive expertise in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pattern differentiation,treatment,and herbal use for insomnia accompanied by forgetfulness.Based on academic concepts such as"the ascent and descent of qi and yin-yang"and"the restraint and counter-restraint among the five phases"from the book Shenzhai Yishu,Professor Zhan summarizes the pathogenesis of this condition with four key characters:"stagnation","deficiency","phlegm",and"stasis",which correspond respectively to qi stagnation,spleen-kidney deficiency,and phlegm-turbidity with blood stasis.She emphasizes that clinical diagnosis should not be limited to a single pattern;instead,it should be guided by pattern differentiation,supported by the four diagnostic methods,and integrated with fundamental principles such as"regulating","tonifying",and"addressing the root cause"from Zhou's"26-Character Elemental Mechanisms"of medicinal application.Classical formulas are modified and tailored with adept use of herb pairs,flexibly adapting to the patient's condition while adhering to traditional Chinese medicine principles.One validated case is included at the end for reference.

Abstract:Inflammatory diseases of the airway,such as asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,bronchitis,etc.,are characterized by chronic inflammation,oxidative stress,and immune imbalance.There are many risks of adverse reactions associated with long-term use of Western medicine.As a traditional Chinese medicine,Shegan has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying,reducing qi and phlegm,dispelling wind and promoting lung function.It is in line with the pathological pathogenesis of airway inflammation,and its active ingredients can intervene in the pathological process of airway inflammation through a multi-target mechanism.A systematic review was conducted on the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the main components of Shegan,such as isoflavones,flavonoids,triterpenes,etc.Research has shown that components such as irisin,syringin,mangiferin,and quercetin in Shegan exert therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways,including inhibiting inflammatory responses,regulating immune response balance,antioxidant stress,anti ferroptosis,and antiviral effects.They also achieve multidimensional anti-inflammatory effects by synergistically regulating signaling networks such as mitogen activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa B,nuclear factor E2 related factor 2/glutathione peroxidase 4,helper T cells 17/regulatory T cells.However,its clinical translation still needs to address issues such as ingredient standardization,in vivo metabolic patterns,and dosage form optimization.In the future,it is necessary to combine organoid models and multi omics technologies to elucidate the synergistic mechanism between components,providing theoretical support for the development of innovative traditional Chinese medicine formulations targeting airway inflammation.

Abstract:Skull base osteomyelitis(SBO)is primarily caused by the spread of infection from adjacent tissues(such as necrotizing otitis externa and sinusitis)to the skull base.It is a relatively rare and serious disease,typically presenting with ear pain,otorrhea,and neurological impairment.The recurrence rate is as high as 15%-20%,with a significant mortality rate.Diabetes mellitus is a core risk factor for SBO,with approximately 46%-74.6%of patients having comorbid diabetes.The hyperglycemic state increases susceptibility to SBO through multiple pathological mechanisms.This article analyzes the mechanisms underlying the high incidence of SBO in diabetic patients from three aspects:impaired immune defense,enhanced pathogen invasiveness,and the chronic inflammatory state associated with diabetes.It also discusses potential management strategies,including anti-infective therapy,precise glycemic control,and multidisciplinary collaboration.Integrated Chinese and Western medicine interventions,along with the traditional Chinese medicine concept of"preventive treatment before disease onset",show broad application prospects.Furthermore,the clinical data of three patients with diabetes and SBO admitted since August 2021 were analyzed.The results indicate that patients'conditions improve with appropriate antibiotic use and effective glycemic control,whereas the disease progresses otherwise.This review aims to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SBO complicated with diabetes.

Abstract:Hypothyroidism has a relatively high prevalence in China,approximately 17.8%,and is more common among women and the elderly.Currently,Western medicine primarily employs thyroid hormone replacement therapy,which presents issues such as drug dependence,complex dosage adjustments,and limited application in special populations.As a non-pharmacological therapy,millifire needling of"Tu Sanzhen"(Three Prominence Needles),integrating traditional Chinese medicine disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation theory,offers a novel approach for hypothyroidism treatment."Tu Sanzhen"consists of the Tiantu(CV22),Shuitu(ST10),and Futu(LI18)acupoints,originating from the Jin's Three Needles technique.It acts by locally stimulating the thyroid region to regulate qi and blood,resolve phlegm and dissipate nodules,thereby alleviating hypothyroid symptoms.Millifire needling combines the warming and unblocking effects of traditional fire needling with the precise manipulation of modern filiform needles,offering the dual benefits of warming yang and boosting qi,as well as harmonizing qi,blood,yin,and yang.It is particularly suitable for patients with the spleen-kidney yang deficiency type of hypothyroidism.Its mechanism of action may involve regulating the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid(HPT)axis,improving immune dysregulation,and promoting local qi and blood circulation.Clinical studies indicate that combining millifire needling with Western medication can significantly increase thyroid hormone levels and reduce thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),with superior efficacy compared to monotherapy.In a case of a 59-year-old female patient,after 12 weeks of treatment,TSH decreased from 11.49 μIU/mL to 4.15 μIU/mL,the levothyroxine dosage was gradually reduced until discontinuation,and symptoms markedly improved.Although acupuncture therapy demonstrates unique advantages in relieving hypothyroid symptoms,current research has small sample sizes and lacks long-term follow-up data.Future large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to further validate its efficacy and durability,in order to optimize clinical treatment protocols.Millifire needling of"Tu Sanzhen"provides a safe and effective alternative for hypothyroidism treatment,holding significant clinical value.

Abstract:Objective Based on the clinical differences of children with different types of Henoch-Schonlein purpura,to analyze the correlation between HSP and renal injury,so as to guide clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Methods the clinical data of all 115 hospitalized children with HSP from January 2018 to December 2018 were collected,grouped and analyzed for clinical characteristics and correlation with renal injury.Results Infection was the main factor inducing HSP in 115 children(50.4%);Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the pathogen with the highest detection rate(36.5%);The recurrent rate of rash in the presence of infection was as high as 48.3%.The D-dimer and IgA indexes of different types of HSP were significantly abnormal(χ2=53.161,P<0.05);There were significant differences in urine routine and urinary microalbumin of HSP in four types of extrarenal symptoms(χ2=13.754,P<0.05).Conclusion Infection is the main inducement of HSP.When there is infection,rash is more likely to occur repeatedly,and when rash occurs repeatedly with abdominal symptoms,kidney injury is more likely to occur.

Abstract:Knee osteoarthritis is a kind of joint pain,swelling,dysfunction and even deformity caused by degeneration of knee cartilage.It is one of the common diseases of the middle-aged and elderly.With the development of society,the incidence rate of young people also deserves social attention.Based on the theory of"kidney governing bone",this paper expounds the process of inducing ferroptosis by"kidney governing bone"to alleviate the occurrence and development of articular cartilage knee osteoarthritis.It believes that kidney governing bone and ferroptosis have a common role in promoting chondrocyte death,enriching the pathogenesis theory of knee osteoarthritis,so as to provide clinical and experimental ideas for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis in Chinese and Western medicine.

Abstract:To explore Professor CHEN Yiguo's clinical experience in using traditional Chinese medicine theory combined with the four phase qi modulation acupuncture method to treat thyroid nodules.Based on the rising trend of the incidence rate of thyroid nodules in the context of modern life,this paper analyzes the application progress of acupuncture and moxibustion in this disease.According to the symptoms of neck mass,throat discomfort and other symptoms of thyroid nodules,it is summarized as"gall disease"in traditional Chinese medicine.Professor CHEN Yiguo believes that the occurrence of thyroid nodules is related to human breath.The four phase Qi modulation acupuncture method,by needling specific acupoints,harmonizes the Qi of the organs to restore the balance of Qi movement in and out,thereby achieving effective intervention in thyroid nodules.

Abstract:Objective Lumbar disc herniation(LDH)is a common type of degenerative spinal disease that can lead to low back pain and neurological symptoms in the lower limbs.MRI images are crucial in diagnosis but suffer from empirical dependence and lack of standardisation mechanisms.The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning model based on CBAM-YOLO to assist in the automated diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation MRI images in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis.Methods A publicly available dataset containing MRI image data of 643 LDH patients was adopted in this study,and each image was labelled in detail with a variety of structural information including intervertebral discs and others.This study proposes a novel model,CBAM-YOLO,which is improved from the original YOLO-v8 model by embedding the convolutional attention module CBAM.This improvement helps the model to identify the feature location and spatial distribution information of the herniated disc more accurately.In order to fully validate the performance of the model,this study used the CBAM-YOLO model to systematically train the data-enhanced training set for a total of 100 training cycles.In the model evaluation session,this study used several evaluation metrics such as Precision,Recall,F1-Score,Accuracy,and mAP in order to comprehensively and rigorously assess the performance of the model.Results The CBAM-YOLO model demonstrated excellent performance in diagnosing lumbar disc herniation MRI images.Compared with the original YOLO-v8 model,the CBAM-YOLO model constructed in this study showed significant advantages in Precision of 89.9%,Recall of up to 100.0%,F1-Score of 94.6%,Accuracy of 89.9%,and mAP of 97.1%.Conclusion The test results fully highlight the great potential of deep learning-based automated diagnostic systems for disc identification and segmentation in lumbar spine MRI images,as well as the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of disease diagnosis in clinical applications,thereby reducing the burden on healthcare professionals.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of Ziyin Xiaozheng Hugan Formula on laboratory indicators and quality of life in patients with primary liver cancer undergoing transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods 64 patients with primary liver cancer(PLC)were randomly divided into two groups:the control group(32 cases)received conventional TACE treatment,and symptomatic treatments such as liver protection,analgesia,and antiemetic treatment were given after surgery;on the basis of treatment in the control group,the traditional Chinese medicine group(32 cases)was treated with oral Ziyin Xiaozheng Hugan Formula for one month.Record the levels of alpha fetoprotein(AFP),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),gamma glutamyl transferase(GGT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and plasma prothrombin time(PT)of two groups of patients before and one month after surgery,and compare the overall quality of life of the two groups of patients after surgery.Results The levels of AFP,CEA,ALT,AST,GGT,ALP,and PT in the traditional Chinese medicine group were significantly lower than those in the control group one month after surgery(P<0.05);The overall quality of life score of the traditional Chinese medicine group after surgery was higher than that of the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion On the basis of conventional TACE surgery,postoperative combination of nourishing yin,eliminating symptoms,and protecting the liver formula can improve patients'liver function and reduce laboratory indicators such as AFP,CEA,and PT.

Abstract:Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death,which is closely related to lipid peroxidation(LPO)and iron overload,and its mechanism is mainly related to iron metabolism disorders,decreased activity of System Xc-/GSH/GPX4 antioxidant system,abnormal fatty acid regulation,and other pathways.Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid metabolism disorders,which can lead to severe stenosis in the lumen of the body's arteries with the occurrence and progression of AS,which promotes the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and threatens life.It has been confirmed that ferroptosis is involved in multiple pathological processes of AS,including endothelial cell damage,macrophage inflammatory response,foam cell formation,and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration,and may become a new target for AS research.At the same time,many studies have shown that ferroptosis can be regulated by multiple mechanisms,pathways,and targets in traditional Chinese medicine,so as to achieve the purpose of controlling and delaying the development of AS and improving symptoms.This article reviews the mechanism of ferroptosis in AS and the research progress of related traditional Chinese medicine interventions,aiming to take ferroptosis as a starting point to carry out new discussions on the prevention and treatment of As by traditional Chinese medicine and to provide new ideas and solutions.

Abstract:Objective Based on the established optimal gavage dose,this study further investigated the pharmacological effects of the kudzu enzyme complex on alcoholic hepatitis in mice.Methods(1)Experimental grouping and administration:Fifty mice were randomly divided into a control group(Con),a model group(Mod),a low-dose kudzu enzyme complex group[JS(L)],a medium-dose kudzu enzyme complex group[JS(M)],and a high-dose kudzu enzyme complex group[JS(H)],with 10 mice per group.Dosing began on the fourth day of modeling:JS(L)15 mL/(kg·d),JS(M)30 mL/(kg·d),JS(H)60 mL/(kg·d),while the Con group received an equal volume of physiological saline,continuously for 14 days.After the experiment,mice were euthanized,and liver tissue and orbital venous plexus blood were collected.Detection indicators:calculation of liver index;observation of hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining;Western blot detection of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMG-CR),and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1C(SREBP-1C)protein levels;measurement of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),albumin(ALB),and total bilirubin(TBIL)using assay kits.(2)Experimental grouping and administration:Forty mice were randomly divided into the Con group,the kudzu enzyme complex group(JS),the Mod group,and the treatment group(Mod+JS),with 10 mice per group,using the same modeling method as in(1).After the experiment,mice were euthanized,and liver tissue and orbital venous plexus blood were collected.Detection indicators:observation of HE staining;Western blot detection of cyclooxygenase(COX),catalase(CAT),Bcl-2-associated X protein(BAX),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2),caspase-3,caspase-9,interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1(IL-1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),TGF-β,HIF-1α,HMG-CR,SREBP-1C,phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2(P-CaMK2),and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase(P-AMPK)protein levels;measurement of ALT,AST,ALB,and TBIL using assay kits.Results(1)Compared with the Mod group,the JS(L),JS(M),and JS(H)groups showed concentration-dependent changes in liver index,fibrosis,and steatosis;HE staining results indicated concentration-dependent improvement in the JS(L),JS(M),and JS(H)groups compared to the Mod group.(2)Compared with the Mod group,the Mod+JS group showed significant improvements in liver indicators,fibrosis,and steatosis;HE staining results revealed disordered liver tissue structure,significant inflammatory cell infiltration,and lipid vacuoles in the Mod group compared to the Con group,while the Mod+JS group exhibited marked improvement compared to the Mod group;Western blot results demonstrated that the Mod+JS group effectively reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α)and apoptosis-related factors(Caspase-9,Caspase-3,TGF-β)while enhancing antioxidant levels(COX,CAT)in the livers of mice with alcoholic hepatitis;further detection showed significantly increased expression of P-AMPK and P-CaMK2 in the Mod+JS group compared to the Mod group.Conclusion The kudzu enzyme complex can ameliorate alcoholic hepatitis in mice by modulating the expression of oxidative stress markers,inflammatory factors,and apoptosis-related factors in the liver.

Abstract:Based on the"four in one"theory of"sex,position,potential,and syndrome",this paper conducts a four-dimensional analysis and summary of the classic formula Zhuling Decoction,and further analyzes the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic glomerulonephritis on this basis.The formula of Zhuling Decoction is sweet and cold;the kidney with a downward focus;Fang Shi focuses on clearing,benefiting,and supplementing,with a particular emphasis on clearing and benefiting the damp heat of the lower burner,while also protecting the Yin fluid to prevent excessive seepage;the prescription is a type of disease characterized by edema and other water heat interactions,as well as heat damage to Yin fluid.Therefore,Zhuling Decoction corresponds to the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis caused by multiple pathological factors and the combination of deficiency and excess.Discussing Zhang Zhongjing's classic prescriptions and corresponding syndromes from the perspectives of"nature,position,potential,and syndrome"can make the principles more comprehensive and three-dimensional,thus enabling dialectical analysis of Zhongjing's prescriptions in accordance with their respective syndromes.It is also beneficial for better integrating the theory of prescriptions and syndromes with clinical practice.