Abstract:Ischemic stroke accounts for 65.3%of all stroke cases,featuring complex pathological mechanisms and posing significant challenges in clinical management.This study reviews current research on the characteristic syndromes of ischemic stroke and their associated biological foundations.Modern medical research reveals that the neurovascular unit undergoes dynamic remodeling post-ischemic stroke:the acute phase is characterized primarily by endothelial dysfunction and neuronal necrosis,while the subacute to recovery phases feature the activation of endogenous repair mechanisms and reorganization of neural functional networks.The characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes manifest as follows:The blood stasis syndrome persists from the acute through the recovery phase,showing significant correlations with vascular damage/inflammatory markers and their related gene polymorphisms.The phlegm-heat syndrome is common in the acute phase and is significantly associated with inflammatory/stress markers,gut microbiota dysbiosis,and disturbances in amino acid,lipid,and nucleotide metabolism.The incidence of Qi deficiency syndrome increases as the disease progresses,primarily linked to impaired energy metabolism.The persistence of the phlegm-heat syndrome and the early emergence of the Qi deficiency syndrome are significantly correlated with poor neurological functional prognosis.In summary,ischemic stroke often exhibits disease-syndrome correlation characteristics of"constant and variable factors combined,with temporal and spatial interactions"throughout its progression.However,research in this field still commonly faces issues such as suboptimal study design,lack of standardized tools,significant clinical sample heterogeneity,and low result reproducibility.Therefore,advancing research on disease-syndrome correlations necessitates not only continued refinement and promotion of standardized diagnostic tools but also urgently requires the establishment of technical reporting standards for such research.This will promote the standardization process within the field and facilitate the systematic integration of multi-dimensional evidence.

Abstract:Obesity-related hypertension is a common comorbidity in the field of public health.According to the etiology and pathogenesis theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the co-diagnosis and treatment of obesity-related hypertension have demonstrated precise efficacy.The theory of"Yang transforms Qi,Yin shapes form",originating from the Inner Canon of Huangdi,is a highly condensed summary of the functions of the viscera and the physical constitution of the body.Based on this theory,this article proposes that the core pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension lies in the insufficiency of Yang transforming Qi and the excess of Yin shaping form.Its essence is the dysfunction of warming and transporting in the spleen and kidneys,leading to the excessive formation of pathological products such as phlegm-turbidity and greasy-fatty substances.Therefore,the clinical treatment should adhere to the therapeutic principle of supporting Yang and restraining Yin.Supporting Yang involves warming kidney Yang and promoting middle Yang to enhance the body's metabolic drive,while restraining Yin focuses on reducing turbidity,eliminating fat,dispelling phlegm,and resolving stasis to curb the accumulation of pathological products.Guiding the treatment of obesity-related hypertension with the theory of"Yang transforms Qi,Yin shapes form"helps in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease,broadening the perspectives and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Objective To examine the historical evolution and critical information of the formula Shaoyao Tang by compiling and analyzing ancient Chinese medical literature,providing reference for the research and development of classical formulas.Methods Using bibliometric methods,ancient and modern literature related to Shaoyao Tang was collected and organized.The historical origins,composition analysis,dosage and processing,decoction and administration methods,as well as efficacy and indications of the formula were systematically investigated.Results A total of 64 entries of ancient literature related to Shaoyao Tang were compiled,with 49 entries selected for analysis.These entries involved 49 ancient Chinese medical texts,categorized by historical periods as follows:Jin Dynasty(1 text),Yuan Dynasty(2 texts),Ming Dynasty(20 texts),and Qing Dynasty(26 texts).The results indicate that Shaoyao Tang,listed as Formula No.52 in the Catalog of Ancient Classical Formulas(Second Batch)-Han Ethnic Medicine,originates from the Jin Dynasty medical work Suwen Bingji Qiyi Baoming Ji:Xieli Lun(Essential Mechanisms and Principles of Diseases in the Plain Questions:Treatise on Diarrhea and Dysentery).It is primarily indicated for abdominal pain,hematochezia,and dysentery caused by damp-heat accumulation in the intestines.The formula consists of nine mainstream herbs:Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba),Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix),Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),Muxiang(Aucklandiae Radix),Binglang(Arecae Semen),Dahuang(Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma),Rougui(Cinnamomi Cortex),and Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma).The botanical origins of the herbs remain largely consistent from ancient times to the present.The modern decoction and administration method involves using 20.65 g of coarse granules,boiled in 600 mL of water until reduced to 300 mL,taken warm after meals.Conclusion This study,through the collection and analysis of literature related to Shaoyao Tang,examines the historical origins and prescription information of the formula.It clarifies critical details such as the botanical origins of the herbs,dosage and processing methods,as well as decoction and administration techniques.The findings provide reference and evidence for the clinical application and further research of Shaoyao Tang.

Abstract:Objective Using plasma metabolomics methods to investigate the pathogenesis of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases with the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis(QDBS)in rat models,and to elucidate the intervention effects of Buyang Huanwu Tang(BYHWT)on both models.Methods The coronary heart disease QDBS(CHD-QDBS)model was established by sleep deprivation combined with ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,while the cerebral infarction QDBS(CI-QDBS)model was established by microsphere-induced multiple cerebral infarctions combined with sleep deprivation.Each model was divided into four groups:sham-operated group,model group,BYHWT group,and aspirin positive control group.BYHWT was administered by gavage at clinical doses(CHD-QDBS:13 g/kg;CI-QDBS:21 g/kg)for 14 consecutive days.Model evaluation included grip strength testing,coagulation function,echocardiography,and histopathological observation of brain tissues.Differential metabolites were identified using metabolomics analysis,and the metabolic pathways of CHD-QDBS and CI-QDBS were explored to analyze the shared and unique metabolic mechanisms of the two conditions under QDBS.Results BYHWT obviously improved the grip strength(P<0.01),and coagulation function(P<0.05)in the model rats,and regulated cardiac function(P<0.05)and brain tissue morphology.Metabolomics analysis revealed that the CHD-QDBS model induced significant abnormalities in 76 plasma metabolites,involving disorders in glycerophospholipid metabolism,linoleic acid metabolism,and sphingolipid metabolism.The CI-QDBS model,on the other hand,resulted in significant abnormalities in 39 metabolites,mainly related to amino acid metabolism.After intervention with BYHWT,37 metabolites in the CHD-QDBS model were restored,primarily regulating lipid metabolism pathways.In the CI-QDBS model,11 metabolites showed improvement mainly involving amino acid metabolism pathways.The common differential metabolites between the two models include 7 types such as glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid,indicating that oxidative stress,energy metabolism disorders,inflammatory reactions,and vascular dysfunction are common characteristics of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in the two diseases.CHD-QDBS drives inflammation and thrombus formation through lipid metabolism disorders,while CI-QDBS exacerbates cerebral hypoxia through amino acid metabolism disorders.Conclusion This study reveals that there exist common metabolic disorders and specific pathways in the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases,which embodies the scientificity of the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory of"treating different diseases with the same method"and provides evidence for the analysis of the biological connotation of TCM syndromes.BYHWT regulates metabolic networks through multiple targets,restores lipid homeostasis,and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation.This study can provide a basis for analyzing the biological basis of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and developing precise treatment strategies combining disease and syndrome.

Abstract:The Qi-Blood-Water theory elucidates the physiological and pathological relationships among the three fundamental substances in the human body and serves as a guiding principle for the clinical treatment of various diseases across medical disciplines.As a core concept in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,"Qi"primarily functions through the"Sanjiao"as its main carrier,with"Sanjiao Qi transformation"being the key pathological mechanism underlying"blood stasis leads to water retention".Approaching from the perspective of Sanjiao Qi transformation allows for a more effective application of the Qi-Blood-Water theory in clinical practice.This article adopts TCM image thinking as the starting point,explores the critical role of"Qi"and"Qi transformation"in TCM theory by tracing the origins of the concept of"Qi",and further clarifies the core pathological mechanism and clinical treatment strategies for"blood stasis leads to water retention".It discusses the significant role of Sanjiao Qi transformation in diseases related to Qi,blood,and water,aiming to provide new insights for the understanding and application of the Qi-Blood-Water theory.

Abstract:Objective To systematically collate and summarize the distribution of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and clinical prescription patterns for breast cancer,providing reference for the selection of formulas and medications in clinical TCM treatment.Methods Literature on TCM diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Medical Online,VIP Database,and SinoMed up to June 30,2024.A database was established,and frequency statistics,hierarchical clustering,and Apriori association rule analysis were performed on syndrome types,symptoms,formulas,and medications using Excel,SPSS Statistics,and SPSS Modeler.Results A total of 164 articles were screened,identifying 36 TCM syndrome types.Common syndromes included Qi and blood deficiency,liver depression and spleen deficiency,liver depression and Qi stagnation,Qi and Yin deficiency,liver and kidney Yin deficiency,and stasis and toxin binding.The database included 257 formulas,among which 47 were classical formulas,primarily Xiaoyao powder,Bazhen decoction,and Liujunzi decoction.A total of 281 herbs were involved,with high-frequency herbs including Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),Chaihu(Bupleuri Radix),Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba),Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium),and Baihuasheshecao(Hedyotis Diffusae Herba).The primary herb efficacies were tonifying deficiency,clearing heat,activating blood and resolving stasis,and regulating Qi.The herbs mainly targeted the liver,spleen,and kidney meridians.Hierarchical clustering analysis of 45 high-frequency herbs yielded four clustered formula groups.Association rule analysis identified 20 herb combinations.Conclusion Breast cancer patients predominantly present with syndromes of Qi and blood deficiency,liver depression and spleen deficiency,and liver depression and Qi stagnation.The fundamental treatment principles focus on supplementing Qi and strengthening the spleen,nourishing Yin and enriching blood,supplemented by herbs for moving Qi,activating blood,clearing heat,resolving toxicity,and dispersing nodules,tailored through syndrome differentiation.

Abstract:In China,stroke stands as the primary cause of mortality and disability among adults.Ischemic stroke constitutes over 80%of all stroke cases.The aftermath of a stroke typically gives rise to various degrees of neurological deficits,which have a profound impact on patients'prognosis.Neuroplasticity forms the cornerstone of functional recovery after a stroke.Within this process,microglia-mediated synaptic pruning plays a crucial regulatory role.Based on Academician Wang Yongyan's core pathogenesis hypothesis of"toxin-damaging brain collaterals"in stroke,following a stroke,excessive pathogenic factors transform into toxins,inflicting damage on the brain's collateral system.The brain collaterals can be further classified into blood collaterals and Qi collaterals.Over time,the accumulation of toxins over-activates microglia.This over-activation exacerbates the inflammatory response,damaging the brain's blood collaterals and leading to the condition of"collateral damage and marrow injury",which is manifested as damage to neuronal and synaptic structures.Simultaneously,it disrupts the inter-synaptic information transmission and impairs the brain's Qi collaterals,resulting in"collateral damage and spirit dissipation",that is,neurological dysfunction.Therefore,abnormal microglia-mediated synaptic pruning might be the microscopic manifestation of the pathogenesis evolution in the theory of"toxin-damaging brain collaterals".This study systematically delves into the inherent relationships among these aspects.By doing so,it endows the"toxin-damaging brain collaterals"theory with novel scientific implications,thus offering new research directions for the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of ischemic stroke.

Abstract:In response to the characteristics of stroke,such as acute onset,rapid progression,susceptibility to recurrence,and long recovery period,and guided by the principle of disease-syndrome combination,a"332"prevention and treatment strategy for stroke has been preliminarily constructed based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of"preventing disease before its onset,preventing deterioration after onset,and preventing recurrence after recovery".This strategy comprises"3 locations,3 stages,and 2 lines of effort".Regarding the"3 locations",a full-cycle management pathway covering"pre-hospital,in-hospital,and post-hospital"phases is established,focusing on early warning and emergency treatment in the pre-hospital phase,staged diagnosis and systematic syndrome differentiation and treatment in the in-hospital phase,and systematic rehabilitation and recurrence prevention in the post-hospital phase.Based on the syndrome evolution patterns across different stages of stroke,with the 6-8 days post-onset identified as a critical turning point,three stages—"defense,stalemate,and counterattack"—are defined according to disease progression,facilitating timely and dynamic intervention plans.The"2 lines of effort"include the integration of Chinese and Western medicine in preventive and therapeutic measures,combined use of herbal medicine and acupuncture,and emphasize multi-party collaboration among doctors,patients,and healthcare teams in practical implementation.Grounded in the theory of disease-syndrome combination,this prevention and treatment strategy aims to establish a new,full-cycle,multi-party collaborative model covering different stages of stroke.

Abstract:Vitiligo is a common chronic skin condition characterized by the loss of pigment,manifesting as localized or widespread white patches on the skin.The disease has a prolonged course and is prone to recurrent episodes.According to the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory of"Qi deficiency and stagnation",the pathogenesis of vitiligo can be summarized into two main aspects:"Qi deficiency"and"stagnation"."Qi deficiency"refers to the insufficiency of Qi and blood,as well as liver and kidney deficiencies,while"stagnation"involves the invasion of pathogenic wind,blood stasis,and the accumulation of internal toxins.These two factors interact,creating a vicious cycle that promotes the onset and progression of vitiligo.In the treatment of vitiligo,TCM emphasizes the fundamental principle of"supplement deficiency and remove stagnation".This approach involves replenishing Qi and blood,nourishing the liver and kidneys to strengthen the body's defenses,and is complemented by the dispersal of pathogenic wind,promotion of blood circulation,resolution of stasis,detoxification,and unblocking of meridians to eliminate disease-causing factors.By harmonizing Qi and blood,this method aims to improve skin symptoms and control the progression of the disease.Therefore,based on the theory of"Qi deficiency and stagnation",its pathogenesis and treatment principles in vitiligo were explored,supported by modern medical research theories,with the aim of providing new ideas and methods for the treatment of vitiligo with TCM.

Abstract:Objective To explore the medication and compatibility rules of Chinese herbal formulas in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke(AIS)with phlegm-heat syndrome,and to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible clinical studies published from the establishment of the database to February 1,2025.SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 27.0 were used for association rules and cluster analysis.Results A total of 60 articles were included,including 84 herbs.The high-frequency drugs included Dahuang(Rhei Radix et Rhizoma),Gualou(Trichosanthis Fructus),Dannanxing(Arisaema cum Bile),Mangxiao(Natrii Sulfas)and Zhishi(Aurantii Fructus Immaturus).The categories of high-frequency drugs included drugs for eliminating phlegm,relieving cough and asthma,laxatives,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,etc.The four properties are mainly cold and warm,and the five flavors are mainly bitter,pungent,and sweet.The meridian tropism mainly involves the stomach,spleen,and liver meridians There were 9 three-term associations,and 4 effective cluster combinations were obtained by cluster analysis.Conclusion The phlegm-heat syndrome of AIS mainly focuses on the basic pathogenesis of phlegm-heat Fu,which is mainly focused on resolving phlegm and clearing the Fu,and at the same time promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,clearing heat and dryness dampness.The medication focuses on clearing heat and resolving phlegm and clearing the Fu,paying attention to the combination of cold and warm,attacking and supplementing.

Abstract:Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system.Its advanced stage is mainly characterized by clinical manifestations such as jaundice,ascites,and emaciation,with a low cure rate,posing significant harm to human health.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has demonstrated effectiveness and safety in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Professor Hu Kaiwen,based on the theory of"ascending lucidity and descending turbidity",proposed the TCM pathogenesis of"imbalance of the clear and turbid"in pancreatic cancer.By focusing on the"relationship between the pancreas and spleen"in visceral manifestation theory,he analyzed the disease location,progression,and characteristics of deficiency and excess in pancreatic cancer from the perspectives of morphology and function.This clarified the pathogenic process of pancreatic cancer:"stagnation of the clear and turbid in the middle energizer,with the clear relying on the turbid as its foundation and the turbid depending on the clear as its guide,eventually transforming into cancer toxin over time".Drawing on modern medical research,he innovatively combined"rebuilding the circulation of the clear and turbid"with"tumor microenvironment regulation".Ultimately,he proposed a staged TCM diagnosis and treatment strategy:"In the acute phase,pathogenic excess predominates,focusing on expelling pathogens to unblock stagnation and clear the middle energizer";"In the chronic phase,deficiency of healthy Qi predominates,focusing on fortifying the middle energizer,supporting healthy Qi,regulating the spleen,and promoting upward movement";"In the latent phase,pathogens are hidden while healthy Qi is not yet restored,focusing on restoring the clear and turbid and rebuilding their circulation".This approach enriches the application scope of the theory of"ascending lucidity and descending turbidity",provides new perspectives for clinical treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer,and paves a new path for the organic integration of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine.

Abstract:Objective To explore the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 in treating hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)using proteomics technology.Methods C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with Hepa1-6 cells to induce subcutaneous HCC models.When tumor volume reached 100-150 mm3,the mice were randomly divided into model group,ginsenoside Rg3 group,and sorafenib group,and administered the corresponding drugs by gavage.After 14 days,the mice were euthanized,tumors were excised,and tumor weights were measured to calculate tumor inhibition rates.Histopathological morphology of tumor tissues was observed by HE staining.Proteomic sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins among groups,which were then annotated for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Results Tumor weight in the ginsenoside Rg3-treated group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).The tumor inhibition rate was 65.3%in the ginsenoside Rg3 group and 77.84%in the sorafenib group.Pathological analysis showed higher cancer cell density and vigorous growth in the model group,while the ginsenoside Rg3 group had lower cancer cell density with areas of necrosis,and the sorafenib group had even lower cancer cell density with large areas of necrosis.Proteomic analysis revealed 65 upregulated and 24 downregulated differentially expressed proteins in the ginsenoside Rg3 group compared to the model group,and 59 upregulated and 13 downregulated proteins in the sorafenib group compared to the model group.GO analysis indicated that differentially expressed proteins in the ginsenoside Rg3 group were mainly enriched in biological processes such as complement and coagulation cascades,thermogenesis,lipid metabolism,and negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction.KEGG analysis showed that these proteins were primarily involves in thermogenesis,lipid metabolism,regulation of tumor necrosis factor production,and complement and coagulation cascades in muscle.Conclusion The inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on HCC involves processes including thermogenesis,lipid metabolism,regulation of tumor necrosis factor production,and complement and coagulation cascade.

Abstract:Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic,nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease with an increasing incidence rate,severely impacting patients'quality of life and physical and mental health.Damage to the intestinal barrier is one of the hallmark features of UC pathogenesis,encompassing mechanical,chemical,immunological,and biological barrier impairments.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers advantages such as multi-targeted and multi-pathway effects,fewer adverse reactions,and lower cost,presenting broad application prospects in UC treatment.Extensive researches have demonstrated that TCM,by targeting improvements in intestinal mucosal barrier function,exhibits definite therapeutic efficacy for UC.This article reviews the latest advances in treating UC through TCM formulas and active components that protect and repair the intestinal mucosal barrier,aiming to provide reference for clinical UC management.

Abstract:Objective To systematically evaluate and analyze the formulas for treating chest impediment in ancient medical texts using evidence-based evaluation and data mining methods from traditional Chinese medicine classics.Methods The evidence of formulas from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)classics for treating chest impediment was evaluated and graded using the Grading Scale for Evidence Evaluation of Ancient Chinese Medical Texts.High-level evidence was analyzed using the"Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform"for metrics such as frequency of drug use,efficacy categories,nature and flavor,and meridian tropism.Association rule analysis and cluster analysis were also performed.Results A total of 155 pieces of evidence from TCM classics for treating chest impediment were included.Evaluation identified 31 high-level evidence formulas,including Renshen decoction,Fuling Xingren Gancao decoction,and Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction.Data mining analysis revealed that the high-level evidence for treating chest impediment in ancient texts primarily featured drugs with the efficacy of dispersing cold and relieving pain,tonifying fire and assisting Yang,and warming and unblocking meridians.Warm-natured drugs were the most frequently used;the predominant flavor was pungent;and the primary meridian tropism was the spleen meridian.Association rule analysis indicated that Rougui(Cinnamomi Cortex)was the most commonly used drug for treating chest impediment and heart pain,with the drug pair"Renshen(Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma)-Rougui(Cinnamomi Cortex)"being the most frequently used combination.Cluster analysis yielded four core formula groups,each reflecting distinct therapeutic approaches.Conclusion This study employed evidence-based evaluation and data mining methods on TCM classics to assess the quality and conduct in-depth analysis of the evidence for formulas treating chest impediment.The findings not only provide more reliable ancient textual evidence for the clinical treatment of chest impediment but also offer substantial ancient textual support for clinical decision-making in TCM.

Abstract:This article summarizes Professor Zhang Zhiwen's clinical experience in treating pulmonary interstitial fibrosis using the Sanjiao differentiation and regulation method.The key pathogenesis is identified as deficiency of healthy Qi,weakness of the Sanjiao,and dysfunction of Qi transformation.The disease primarily affects the lungs and extends to the Sanjiao.The general therapeutic principle emphasizes supporting healthy Qi and promoting circulation,with the Sanjiao differentiation and regulation method serving as the core approach.In the early stage,the focus is on the upper energizer,aiming to tonify the lungs and heart,promote Qi circulation,and resolve stasis to enhance pectoral Qi flow.In the prolonged stage,emphasis shifts to the middle energizer,targeting spleen and stomach strengthening,nourishing Yin,and descending turbidity to promote middle Qi ascent.In the advanced stage,attention is directed to the lower energizer,aiming to tonify the kidneys,replenish essence,and secure Qi to consolidate original Qi.The method highlights tailored regulation of the Sanjiao according to the syndrome,prioritizing treatment strategies to restore the flow of healthy Qi within the Sanjiao.

Abstract:Based on the theory of latent pathogens in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),this article explores the TCM diagnosis and treatment approach for pulmonary nodules.Through an analysis of the clinical characteristics of pulmonary nodules,it systematically expounds on the disease classification,etiology,and pathogenesis of pulmonary nodules within the TCM framework,specifically the patterns of healthy Qi deficiency with pathogens lying dormant,Qi stagnation combined with phlegm and blood stasis,and congealment of latent pathogens.This reveals their close connection with the concept of latent pathogens.Consequently,it introduces the Tuotou Zhuxie method as the therapeutic principle for treating pulmonary nodules.The core of this method is to reinforce the healthy Qi,eliminate pathogens,and guide treatment according to the prevailing condition.Furthermore,the article elaborates in detail on the integrated clinical application strategies of this principle,encompassing its theory,methodology,formula construction,and herb selection.This is discussed through four key aspects:reinforcing healthy Qi to expel pathogens,diffusing the lung to release pathogens,unblocking collaterals to discharge pathogens,and resolving phlegm to remove stasis.The aim is to provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for the TCM-based regulation and treatment of pulmonary nodules.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in treating rheumatoid arthritis(RA)of cold-dampness obstruction syndrome(Hanshi Bizu Zheng)based on data mining,providing clinical reference.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of RA patients from the"Ask Rheumatism Patient Platform"between January 2019 and December 2022.Statistical methods,including frequency analysis,association rule analysis,and hierarchical clustering analysis,were applied to the TCM prescriptions.Results The study included 1,153 clinical records.Among them,437 cases(37.90%)showed significant improvement in the Clinical Disease Activity Index(CDAI).Commonly used formulas included Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Tang and Wutou Tang.High-frequency herbs included Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma),and Mahuang(Ephedrae Herba),totaling 27 herbs.Common herb combinations in the treatment included Baishao-Gancao and Baishao-Guizhi.Through hierarchical clustering analysis,four distinct herb clusters were identified.Among these,Cluster Ⅱ—comprising herbs such as Baishao,Gancao,Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus),Zhimu(Anemarrhenae Rhizoma),and Fangfeng(Saposhnikoviae Radix)—may serve as the core prescription for managing RA characterized by cold-dampness obstruction syndrome.In the long-disease-duration group,herbs for activating blood,dispelling wind,tonifying the liver and kidney were predominant,while in the short-disease-duration group,herbs for dispersing pathogens,relieving the exterior,strengthening the spleen,and resolving dampness were more common.The improvement rate for the main symptom(aversion to wind and cold)was 32.87%,while improvement rates for accompanying symptoms(fatigue,insomnia,poor appetite)were 28.45%,30.27%,and 27.32%,respectively.After excluding herbs recommended in the Guidelines for Combined Disease and Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis,it was found that Jianghuang(Curcumae Longae Rhizoma)and Xuduan(Dipsaci Radix)improved fatigue;Qianghuo(Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix)and Shudihuang(Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata)improved insomnia;and Gusuibu(Drynariae Rhizoma)and Shudihuang improved poor appetite.Conclusion In real-world clinical practice,TCM demonstrates certain efficacy and identifiable medication patterns in treating RA of cold-dampness obstruction syndrome.Cluster Ⅱ may represent the core prescription for reducing CDAI in patients.Some herbs not only alleviate main symptoms but also significantly improve common accompanying symptoms.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the influencing factors of acupuncture efficacy in patients with hemiplegia after acute basal ganglia cerebral infarction and construct a nomogram model for predicting acupuncture treatment outcomes.Methods This retrospective study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2024,involving 404 patients with hemiplegia after acute basal ganglia cerebral infarction from the department of encephalopathy,Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.Patients were randomly divided into a training set(n=284)and a validation set(n=120)in a 7:3 ratio.The LASSO regression method was employed for feature selection and nomogram model construction,followed by internal validation to identify risk factors associated with hemiplegia.Results Among the 404 patients,46.03％(186 cases)showed improvement after acupuncture treatment,while 24.25％(98 cases)did not.Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the non-improvement and improvement groups in platelet count(PLT),D-dimer,low-density lipoprotein(LDL),uric acid(UA),C-reactive protein(CRP),fibrinogen,pre-onset modified Rankin scale(mRS)score,and body weight(P<0.05).Further LASSO regression analysis identified eight key factors,including PLT,D-dimer,LDL,UA,homocysteine(Hcy),CRP,quantitative fibrinogen(FIB),and acupuncture treatment principles.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC curves)for the training and validation sets were 0.817 and 0.791,respectively.The nomogram model demonstrated excellent predictive calibration(training set MAE=0.029;validation set MAE=0.02),with well-fitted calibration curves.Decision curve analysis(DCA)indicated good clinical applicability of the model.Conclusion The nomogram model constructed based on PLT,CRP,FIB,D-dimer,LDL,UA,Hcy and acupuncture treatment principles is practical and effective.It can effectively predict acupuncture treatment outcomes in patients with hemiplegia after acute basal ganglia cerebral infarction,providing strong support for clinical decision-making.

Abstract:Objective This study aimed to evaluate the comprehensive clinical value of Compound Longxuejie capsules in treating stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease(syndrome of blood stasis obstructing the heart)by reviewing existing evidence,providing references for clinical medication and national healthcare decision-making.Methods A multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA)model was used to comprehensively evaluate Compound Longxuejie capsules across the"6+1"dimensions.Results In terms of safety and efficacy,Compound Longxuejie capsules showed mild adverse reactions,no severe adverse events,and good safety.When combined with conventional treatment,Compound Longxuejie capsules demonstrated superior efficacy in electrocardiogram improvement rate,angina pectoris improvement rate,and symptom scores of the syndrome of blood stasis obstructing the heart compared to conventional treatment alone.Its efficacy in exercise electrocardiogram results and nitroglycerin reduction rate was comparable to that of Compound Danshen capsules,indicating good effectiveness.The treatment cost of Compound Longxuejie capsules was within an acceptable range,demonstrating good economic efficiency.The drug exhibited high innovation in formulation and production technology.Compound Longxuejie capsules are convenient for storage and transportation,with stable supply,high coverage,no seasonal or regional restrictions,and comprehensive information services for Chinese patent medicines,indicating good suitability.The drug has a stable supply and broad coverage,ensuring good accessibility.As a Yi ethnic medicine,Compound Longxuejie capsules fully embody the compatibility characteristics of"mutual enhancement and assistance"in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),highlighting its distinctive TCM features.Conclusion Based on the evaluation results across all dimensions,Compound Longxuejie capsules have sufficient clinical value evidence,providing references for clinical decision-making and pharmaceutical management.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the intervention characteristics and potential mechanisms of Biyuan Heji and its disassembled formulas on the syndrome transformation of acute rhinosinusitis(ARS)from"wind-cold"dominance to"lung heat"dominance.Methods One hundred and forty-four SD rats were randomly divided into six groups:control group,model group,Biyuan Heji group,wind-cold dispelling group,lung heat clearing group,and Western medicine group.Except for the control group,all other groups were modeled using an expanded sponge combined with Staphylococcus aureus.After seven consecutive days of intragastric administration,behavioral,histopathological,and ultrastructural changes were observed before administration and on days 3,7,and 14 post-administration.Immunohistochemistry(IHC),ELISA,Western blot,and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of related inflammatory factors,signaling pathways,and hypoxia factors.Results The model group exhibited disordered nasal mucosal epithelial structure and significant inflammatory cell infiltration.All treatment groups showed alleviated inflammatory responses,with the Biyuan Heji group and Western medicine group demonstrating the most pronounced changes.The wind-cold dispelling group showed significant improvement on day 3 post-administration,while the lung heat clearing group exhibited notable effects on day 7.Compared with the model group,the treatment groups downregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and IL-12 to varying degrees,improved epithelial ultrastructure,and reduced the ratios of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase to total p38(p-p38/p38)and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)p65 subunit to total p65(p-p65/p65).The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in the model group peaked on day 7.Biyuan Heji and Western medicine significantly inhibited their gene expression from day 3 onward.The wind-cold dispelling group showed more prominent inhibitory effects in the early stage(days 3-7),while the lung heat clearing group demonstrated greater advantages in the later stage(days 7-14).Conclusion This study confirmed that the disassembled wind-cold dispelling group and lung heat clearing group exerted their advantages in the early and later stages,respectively,and revealed their close association with changes in inflammatory factors,HIF-1α,and VEGF.Biyuan Heji may intervene in the syndrome evolution of ARS from"wind-cold"dominance to"lung heat"dominance by regulating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.