Advances in Syndrome Characteristics and Biological Foundations of Ischemic Stroke
GAO Ying
JIANG Ping
CAO Kegang
Abstract：Ischemic stroke accounts for 65.3%of all stroke cases,featuring complex pathological mechanisms and posing significant challenges in clinical management.This study reviews current research on the characteristic syndromes of ischemic stroke and their associated biological foundations.Modern medical research reveals that the neurovascular unit undergoes dynamic remodeling post-ischemic stroke:the acute phase is characterized primarily by endothelial dysfunction and neuronal necrosis,while the subacute to recovery phases feature the activation of endogenous repair mechanisms and reorganization of neural functional networks.The characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes manifest as follows:The blood stasis syndrome persists from the acute through the recovery phase,showing significant correlations with vascular damage/inflammatory markers and their related gene polymorphisms.The phlegm-heat syndrome is common in the acute phase and is significantly associated with inflammatory/stress markers,gut microbiota dysbiosis,and disturbances in amino acid,lipid,and nucleotide metabolism.The incidence of Qi deficiency syndrome increases as the disease progresses,primarily linked to impaired energy metabolism.The persistence of the phlegm-heat syndrome and the early emergence of the Qi deficiency syndrome are significantly correlated with poor neurological functional prognosis.In summary,ischemic stroke often exhibits disease-syndrome correlation characteristics of"constant and variable factors combined,with temporal and spatial interactions"throughout its progression.However,research in this field still commonly faces issues such as suboptimal study design,lack of standardized tools,significant clinical sample heterogeneity,and low result reproducibility.Therefore,advancing research on disease-syndrome correlations necessitates not only continued refinement and promotion of standardized diagnostic tools but also urgently requires the establishment of technical reporting standards for such research.This will promote the standardization process within the field and facilitate the systematic integration of multi-dimensional evidence.
Keywords：Ischemic strokeDisease and syndrome characteristicsDisease-syndrome combinationPhlegm-heat syndromeQi deficiency syndromeBlood stasis syndrome
Publication Date：2026-02-28
Online Publishing Date：2026-03-13(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：5( 229-233 )