Abstract:Hyperuricemia(HUA)is an independent risk factor for gout,metabolic syndrome,and cardiovascular disea-ses,with a global adult prevalence rate of 16％～20％.Recent studies have revealed that the inflammatory plays a central role in the pathological process of HUA.It triggers the release of IL-1β by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome,initiating the in-nate immune response;Dendritic cells(DCs)further mediate the Th17/Treg imbalance,amplifying the adaptive immune in-flammatory cascade.Meanwhile,some inflammatory cytokines form a vicious cycle of"uric acid inflammation"by upregulat-ing xanthine oxidase activity and inhibiting uric acid excretion,exacerbating organ damage.Although traditional urate-low-ering drugs can control serum uric acid levels,they cannot block the inflammatory pathway.Targeted NLRP3 pathway inhibi-tors,drugs with dual anti-inflammatory/uricosuric functions(such as modified NSAIDs),and metabolic regulation strategies provide new directions for treatment.Analyzing the inflammation-metabolism interaction network is key to developing precise therapies for HUA.

Abstract:Objective To explore the material basis and mechanism of Yaoshan sweet tea(Rubus suavissimus S.Lee,RS)in treating diabetic nephropathy.Methods UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to analyze the components of the water ex-tract of Yaoshan sweet tea,the database was used to search for potential targets for diabetes nephropathy,construct a protein interaction network,and enrich GO and KEGG pathways.Molecular docking and animal experiments were carried out to verify the screened core components and core targets.Results A total of 47 chemical components and 744 potential active ingredient targets were identified in RS,along with 372 diabetic nephropathy targets.Two key components,kaempferol and quercetin,were screened out,along with six core targets:TP53,SRC,STAT3,PIK3CA,PIK3R1,and HSP90AA1.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,MAPK pathway,and others were closely associ-ated with diabetic nephropathy.Molecular docking results and animal experiments demonstrated that kaempferol exhibited strong binding affinity with the core target PIK3R1.Additionally,it effectively reduced blood glucose and urea nitrogen levels in diabetic nephropathy rats,while alleviating renal tubular dilation and glomerular fibrosis in the model group.Conclusion Kaempferol may serve as the primary active component of RS against DN,potentially exerting therapeutic effects by regu-lating autophagy-and mitophagy-related proteins in PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.

Abstract:This paper addresses the issue of pharmaceutical education lagging behind industry demands amid technolog-ical advancements and policy reforms in the pharmaceutical sector.It explores innovative pathways for education models driv-en by the integration of industry and education,aiming to achieve precise alignment between talent cultivation and industrial upgrading.By comparing the curriculum systems of China Pharmaceutical University,Hunan Normal University,and Westlake University,and employing Methods such as multi-case analysis,tracking of pharmaceutical industry and education policies,and research on university-enterprise collaborative practice models,the study proposes a reform framework focusing on three dimensions:curriculum restructuring,practice enhancement,and faculty development.The research reveals structural contradictions in pharmaceutical education,including curricula lagging behind technological iterations,a disconnect between practice and industry,and an imbalance between academic evaluation and industrial needs.Consequently,this paper innovatively proposes a dynamic curriculum update mechanism,a university-enterprise collaborative education model,and a"curriculum chain-innovation chain-industry chain"tripartite integration model.These approaches provide theoretical support and practical references for transforming pharmaceutical education from a"discipline-oriented"to an"industry-demand-oriented"paradigm.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the adverse drug reaction(ADR)report data of Latamoxef for Injection,and to provide the basis for clinical rational drug use.Methods Using the method of retrospective analysis and research,the ADR reports of latamoxef for injection collected in the database of Shandong Provincial Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from January 2019 to December 2023 were evaluated as positive,probable and possible by drug relevance evaluation.The age and gender of the patients in the ADR report caused by latamoxef for injection,the report of adverse reactions and the cau-sality of ADR,the primary disease,usage and dosage,the distribution of ADR-involved organs and systems,the occurrence time of ADR,the new and serious adverse reactions and prognosis of ADR were statistically analyzed.Results 426 cases of ADR caused by latamoxef for injection were most distributed in children aged 0～10 years old,with a total of 219(51.53％)cases.The primary disease was mainly respiratory infection,with a total of 126(29.58％)cases.The main route of administra-tion of latamoxef for injection was intravenous drip,with a total of 417(97.89％)cases.The occurrence time of ADR was mainly within 1 h(67.36％).There were 12 organs and systems involved in ADR,with the most damage to skin and accesso-ries,a total of 456(71.59％)cases.Among the 426 ADR reports,271 patients were cured,154 patients were improved,and 1 patient's outcome was unknown.Conclusion The clinical management of latamoxef for injection should be strengthened,strictly follow the instructions and strengthen the monitoring of patients,which can effectively reduce the occurrence of ad-verse reactions.

Abstract:Rheology plays a pivotal guiding role in the development of semi-solid preparations and serves as a core in-dicator for their quality evaluation and stability assessment.This article systematically reviews recent advances in rheological evaluation methodologies.It focuses on comparing the regulatory requirements for rheological characterization of generic semi-solid preparations set forth by FDA,EMA and NMPA,highlighting the stringent statistical standards of EMA and their re-cent updates.The article discusses current methods for evaluating rheological equivalence,aiming to provide methodological references and practical guidance for researchers and regulatory submission units.

Abstract:Caffeic acid(CA)is a naturally occurring phenolic acid compound widely found in coffee beans,tea,fruits,and propolis.It exhibits various biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,cytotoxic,and anti-tumor effects.In recent years,research on CA and its structurally diverse derivatives in the field of breast cancer has attracted sig-nificant attention.Research indicates that CA exerts anti-tumor effects through multiple mechanisms,including inhibiting cell proliferation,inducing apoptosis,suppressing metastasis and invasion,and enhancing chemosensitivity,with these effects validated in multiple in vitro and in vivo studies.Notably,CA modulates multiple critical molecular pathways-including nu-clear factor-kappa B(NF-κB),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt),epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)—thereby intervening in the development and progression of breast cancer.Furthermore,reactive oxygen species(ROS)exhibit a dual role in CA-mediated tumor regulation:they not only alleviate oxidative damage via antioxidant effects but can also promote ROS accumulation under specific conditions to induce apoptosis,demonstrating a concurrent"antioxidant-prooxidant"mechanism.This review comprehensively summarized recent advances in the study of CA and its key derivatives in breast cancer,with a focused analysis of their molecular mech-anisms and structure-activity relationship optimization strategies.The synthesis aims to provide theoretical foundations for further research and drug development of these compounds as potential therapeutic candidates for breast cancer.

Abstract:Objective To study the therapeutic effect of Yishen Huashi Granules on diabetic kidney disease(DKD),and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods Fifty male SD rats were selected,and 10 were randomly selected as blank control group.The other rats were treated with high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of STZ to establish DKD rat model,and were randomly divided into model group,valsartan group and Yishen Huashi Granules group(YSHS group).After 8 weeks of administration,the changes of blood glucose,blood lipid,renal function,renal histopatholo-gy,especially podocytes were observed before and after treatment.Results Compared with valsartan group,after 8 weeks of administration,blood glucose and LDL-C in YSHS group was significantly decreased,with statistical difference(P＜0.01);SCr,BUN and 24hUP in YSHS group and valsartan group were lower than those in model group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between YSHS group and valsartan group(P＞0.05).Renal pathology showed that renal pathological injury in YSHS group and valsartan group was improved compared with model group under light microscope,and YSHS group was more obvious.Under electron microscope,podocyte lesions in YSHS group and valsartan group were improved compared with model group,and YSHS group was more obvious.Conclusion The effect of Yishen Huashi Granules on blood glucose regulation is better than valsartan,and the effect of protecting renal function and reducing urinary protein is similar to valsartan.Its protective effect on podocytes may be one of the mechanisms.

Abstract:The retinoblastoma protein(pRb)-associated RBBP family,serving as core hubs linking pRb pathway with epigenetic regulatory networks,plays pivotal roles in cell cycle control through mediating chromatin remodeling complex as-sembly and gene transcription regulation.Emerging evidence reveals context-dependent dual functions of RBBP members in tumorigenesis:while promoting cancer sternness maintenance and metastasis via epigenetic silencing in most malignancies,they exhibit tumor-suppressive activities in specific tissue microenvironments.Structure-based inhibitor development targe-ting RBBP functional domains,coupled with combinatorial strategies against epigenetic regulatory circuits,has demonstrated significant anti-tumor therapeutic potential.This review systematically summarized recent advances in understanding RBBP family's regulatory roles in tumor initiation and progression,aiming to explore novel paradigms for precision oncology targe-ting epigenetic regulation.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the role of tripartietemotif-containing 33(TRIM33)in the acquired resistance to osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to explore its potential mechanism.Methods Using the concen-tration increasing method to construct H1975OR and HCC827OR NSCLC cells resistant to the third-generation targeted drug Osimertinib.CCK-8 assay was used to detect IC50 of the resistant cells.Western blotting was used to detect changes in TRIM33 expression levels between parental cells and drug-resistant cells.Knocking down TRIM33 by siRNA in parental cells and CCK-8 assay to investigate the effect of TRIM33 expression level on drug sensitivity.ELISA assay was used to ex-plore the relationship between TRIM33 and the secretion of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1).Results After NSCLC cells acquired resistance to Osimertinib,the expression of TRIM33 in resistant cells significantly decreased.Knock-down of TRIM33 in sensitive cells decreased the sensitivity of cells to Osimertinib.ELISA assay revealed an increase in TGF-β1 secretion in drug-resistant cells,and knockdown of TRIM33 also increased the secretion of TGF-β1 in parental cells.Western blot showed that the Smad signaling pathway downstream of TGF-β1 was activated in drug-resistant cells.Conclu-sion This study found that TRIM33 plays an important role in overcoming acquired resistance in NSCLC by inhibiting TGF-β1 and its downstream signaling pathways.TRIM33 is expected to become a potential anti-drug-resistance target and prog-nostic marker in NSCLC.

Abstract:Objective To explore the standards and reasons for the changes in the fire-making method of Aconite under the guidance of the theory of detoxification and efficacy preservation.Methods A combination of literature authentication and restoration of ancient methods was employed.Results The core of Aconite's fire-making method lies in "detoxification and efficacy preservation".The ancients accumulated rich experience in the fire-making method,including the choice of firepower for fire-making(such as hot ash,fire-ash,and gentle and strong fire),the standard of preparation(such as"fire-making to slightly split" and "both inside and outside are yellow"),and remedial methods in practical operations(such as baking dry and re-stir-frying).Through the restoration of ancient methods,it was found that the effect of charcoal ash fire-making was the best,but too strong firepower could lead to excessive water loss of Aconite;The water-made fire-making method softens Aconite by water immersion,and then combines fire-making and stir-frying to more evenly change the internal color of Aco-nite,but the operation time is longer.The baking method includes face baking and wet paper baking,which delays the firepower through liquid immersion and allows the heat to slowly penetrate the inside of Aconite.The stir-frying method further detoxifies by stir-frying with liquid or solid adjuvants,but attention should be paid to temperature and time to avoid excessive prepara-tion leading to reduced efficacy.Conclusion The core standard of Aconite's fire-making method is"both inside and outside are yellow",and the temperature should not be too high and the time should not be too long.

Abstract:Technological innovation serves as a national strategy for developing new quality productive forces,which fundamentally relies on talent cultivation.To nurture a reserve force of top innovative talents,six government departments,in-cluding the Ministry of Education,have successively launched the Top-notch Students Cultivation Program in Basic Disci-plines and its upgraded phase,the Top-notch Program 2.0.The selection of outstanding students,pivotal to the efficacy of cultivation objectives and intertwined with issues of educational and social equity,has emerged as a critical and far-reaching concern during the initial exploration of innovative talent cultivation.This study examines five national pharmaceutical talent cultivation bases to summarize and analyze the current selection practices.Key findings include:Selection criteria prioritizing aspiration,potential and competence;Dynamic selection timelines favoring early identification with limited cohort sizes;Pro-cedural frameworks involving self-nomination,preliminary screening,and comprehensive evaluation.Guided by the dual di-mensions of efficiency and equity,recommendations are proposed to refine selection mechanisms:Adopting innovation-orien-ted criteria aligned with strategic objectives;Optimizing application procedures;Mitigating hierarchical student categorization;Fostering inclusive and open cultivation ecosystems.These measures aim to enhance the alignment of top talent cultivation with national technological innovation strategies,ultimately advancing the development of new quality pro-ductive forces.

Abstract:The establishment of experimental teaching in traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology effectively consoli-dates the knowledge structure of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology and exercises professional technical abilities.At present,there is a situation of duplicate settings between traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology experimental teaching and pharmacology experimental teaching,and lacking experimental settings with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics,which is one of the weak links in the comprehensive skills training of undergraduate talents in traditional Chinese medicine.This paper was based on the outcome-based education concept,and designs a traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology experimental teaching mode from three aspects:adding a disease syndrome combination model for e-valuating the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine,matching social needs-oriented traditional Chinese medicine efficacy experiments,and conducting experiments on the mechanism of multiple targets and pathways of action of traditional Chinese medicine,and confirming the teaching effectiveness by a teaching quality evaluation.This experimental teaching mode can improve the teaching expectations of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology experiments,enhance the comprehensive ap-plication ability of undergraduate students in traditional Chinese medicine,and meet the needs of high-quality undergraduate talent cultivation in traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the peripheral analgesic activity of Jingtong Granules using a zebrafish model and to identify the key herbal components contributing to its peripheral analgesic effect.Methods Three Jingtong Granules groups with concentrations of 25,50,and 100 μg·mL-1 were established,along with negative control groups lacking one herbal component each.The zebrafish pain model was induced using phorbol ester,and aspirin serving as a positive control.The locomotor trajectories of zebrafish were monitored using a behavioral tracking analysis system.The analgesic activity of Jingtong Granules and its negative control groups was evaluated based on the number and distance of fast and slow move-ments.Results Jingtong Granules alleviated the pain state of zebrafish exposed to phorbol ester.All Jingtong Granules groups with different concentrations reduced the number and distance of fast movements while increasing the number and distance of slow movements.The negative control groups also showed similar trends in locomotor activity,with Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.,Panax notoginseng(Burk)F.H.Chen,and Clematis chinensis being the herbal components with higher con-tribution rates to the analgesic effect of Jingtong Granules.Conclusion Compared with the model group,at concentrations of 25,50,and 100 μg·mL-1,as the concentration increased,the number and distance of fast movements in zebrafish signifi-cantly decreased,while the number and distance of slow movements showed a positive correlation with the concentration,in-dicating that different dosage groups exert varying degrees of peripheral analgesic effects,with Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.,Panax notoginseng(Burk)F.H.Chen,and Clematis chinensis playing crucial roles in peripheral analgesia.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of chamagogic polysaccharides(polysaccharides of Brassica rapa L.,BRPs)on proliferation,apoptosis and autophagy of human oesophageal cancer cell lines(KYSE150 cells and ECA109 cells)through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.Methods CCK-8 assay combined with flow cytometry was used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis;Cell scratch assay was performed to detect the effect of cell migration in each group;the effect of autophagy was detected by MDC staining;Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of proteins relat-ed to apoptosis,autophagy and PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.Results BRPs inhibited the proliferation of KYSE150 and ECA109 cells in a concentration-dependent manner;Whereas,the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA attenuated the induction of au-tophagy and proliferation of the 2 cells by BRPs,and significantly increased the apoptotic index;BRPs inhibited the migra-tion of KYSE150 and ECA109 cells,and the fluorescence intensity was significantly enhanced;BRPs up-regulated the ex-pression of apoptosis protein(caspase-3/9)and autophagy protein(Beclin-1)and down-regulated the expression of p62 protein in KYSE150 and ECA109 cells;BRPs+3-MA attenuated the expression of apoptosis and autophagy proteins,and down-regulated the expression of p62 protein in these two cell types;BRPs inhibited the expression of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway-related proteins p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in KYSE150 and ECA109 cells;Whereas the activator 740Y-P at-tenuated the inhibitory effect of BRPs on the expression of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway-related proteins in the 2 cells.Conclusion BRPs inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis and autophagy in KYSE150 and ECA109 cells,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Abstract:Toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a key issue restricting the modernization and internation-alization of TCM.The adverse events represented by nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity of Aristolochia sinensis have sounded the alarm for the safety of Chinese medicines.Genotoxicity of Chinese medicines is characterized difficulty in detection and iden-tification.Drug metabolism closely regulates the transformation and toxicity of TCM components.This review compiled the knowledge about metabolic activation in the genotoxicity of certain specific TCM components and natural products,summa-rized the pathways and patterns of metabolism-induced genotoxicity of TCM components,and highlighted the recent findings on genotoxicity biomarkers and genotoxicity mechanisms.Based on the existing literature,we found that metabolic activation is the key to the toxicity of TCM components,and genotoxic substances is not the prototypes of TCM ingredients,but the re-active metabolites produced after metabolic activation.Reactive metabolites are essentially terminal carcinogens that cova-lently bind to and damage DNA,causing mutations in proto-oncogenes or oncogenes,blocking the repair of DNA damage,and inducing tumorigenesis.In addition,this review also described the herbal components-DNA adducts and DNA mutational fingerprints,which provide biological biomarker references for risk control and translational studies of genotoxicity of herbal medicines and contribute to monitor and prevent the genotoxic effects of these components in further clinical practice.

Abstract:Objective To study the chemical constituents of the stems of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.(Celastraceae).Methods Thin layer chromatography,ODS column chromatography and high-performance preparative liquid chromatogra-phy(HPLC)were used to separate and purify the 80％ethanol extract of T.wilfordii stems,and the structures of the com-pounds were identified by mass spectrometry(MS),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and other spectroscopic methods.Results Eleven terpenoids were isolated from an 80％ethanol extract of T.wilfordii,including two diterpenoids:triptonoter-pene(1),dehydroabietic acid(2);Nine triterpenoids:betulinic acid(3),epi-oleanolic acid(4),3-epiursolic acid(5),codopitirol A(6),oleanoic acid(7),betulonic acid(8),3α-hydroxy-23-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid(9),oleanonic acid(10),ursonic acid(11).Conclusion Compounds 4～6,8,9,and 11 were first isolated from T.wilfordii.The isolated compounds 1～9 were evaluated for their hepatocyte injury protective activity,and the results showed that compounds 2～9 had significant protective effects against paracetamol-induced HepG2 cell injury.

Abstract:Referring to ancient books,we found that the ancient processing methods of Xanthium sibirica include stir-frying,steaming,baking,burning,etc.,as well as de-pricking,crushing,crushing and so on.the main one still in use today is the method of stir-frying and removing the thorns,which facilitates concoctions while toxicity reducing and efficacy enhan-cing.The article systematically summarized the historical evolution of Xanthii Fructus and the development of the concoction process and concoction specification in recent years through literature collation,and summarized the compositional changes of Xanthii Fructus before and after processing,as well as the mechanism of concoction and pharmacological effects.It also summarized the changes in the composition of Xanthii Fructus before and after concoction,as well as the mechanism of con-coction and pharmacological effects.The purpose of this study is to provide a reference basis for further optimizing the pro-cessing technology and safe drug use of Xanthium.

Abstract:Acute lung injury(ALI)is a clinical critical disease characterized by lung inflammation and tissue injury.The main causes include direct lung injury factors such as severe lung infection,as well as indirect lung injury factors such as sepsis.ALI can rapidly develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome with high morbidity and mortality.Nanomaterials are catalysts based on nanomaterials with enzymatic simulation properties,which have higher catalytic activity than common biological enzymes.However,due to their smaller size,they may cause a series of biological safety issues.This article reviewed the protective effect and toxicity research of nanomaterials on acute lung injury.

Abstract:Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)are a novel oral hypoglycemic agents with good cardio-vascular protective effect.Multiple studies have evidenced that SGLT2i can significantly reduce the risk of heart failure,car-diovascular death,and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease.Recent studies have found that SGLT2i can reduce the occurrence and progression of arrhythmia.However,the role of SGLT-2i against arrhythmias and its exact mechanism are not fully elucidated.This paper aimed to summarize the existing evidence from basic studies and clinical reports,in order to further explore the anti-arrhythmic mechanism of SGLT2i and provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of arrhythmias.

Abstract:Objective A method for the determination of 19 mineral elements in Rosa rugosa from different habitats and varieties was established,and the quality was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis.Methods A total of 20 batches of Rosa rugosa samples from 6 varieties in 4 provinces were collected.The contents of 19 mineral elements in Rosa rugosa were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The principal component a-nalysis method was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation model for the quality of medicinal materials,and the quality was comprehensively evaluated.Results The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality of R.rugosa'Plena',one of the traditional edible Rosa rugosa varieties in Shandong,is the best.Conclusion The method for simultaneous determination of 19 mineral elements in Rosa rugosa was established,and was fast,efficient and accurate.The principal component analysis method is objective and comprehensive,and can be used for the quality evaluation of Rosa rug-osa from different producing areas and varieties.