Abstract:Objective To explore the application effect of the standardized teaching mode in the later stage of neurosurgery clinical teaching in standardized residency training.Methods During the standardized resicency training,residents rotating in department of neurosurgery were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the standardized teaching group(observation group)and traditional teaching group(control group),with 20 people in each group,the standardized teaching path mode and the traditional teaching mode were used for their clinical skills training,respectively.The resident doctors'basic operation,relevant theories,teaching satisfaction and learning satisfaction were tested in the middle of the training and at the time of graduation.Meanwhile,the advisers'teaching satisfaction and self-evaluation were tested.Results The scores,the final skill assessment scores and course satisfaction of resident doctors in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(all P<0.05).In addition,the satisfaction and self-evaluation of advisers with teaching methods in observation group was also significantly increased compared with that in control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion The introduction of standardized teaching mode into neurosurgery clinical skills training and teaching is beneficial to improve the effect of clinical practice in the later period,and to improve the satisfaction of resident doctors and advisers,which is worthy of promotion in clinical teaching.

Abstract:Objective By analyzing the influence of various indicators in the standardized residency training(hereinafter referred to as"residency training")on the passing rate of the first medical qualification examination,this paper explored the methods to improve the passing rate of the first medical qualification examination of residents,so as to promote the high-quality development of residency training.Methods The training data of 97 residents who participated in the medical qualification examination for the first time from 2022 to 2024 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected.The relationship between various training data and the passing rate of the medical qualification examination was explored by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results Univariate analysis of various types of training data showed that three independent variables,including the source of resident physicians,whether participating in general science and technology training,and the performance in the department exit exam,had statistically significant effects on physicians'passing rate in the medical qualification examination(all P<0.05).The above three factors were included a multivariate logistic regression analysis,and results showed that the source of resident physicians and whether participating in general science and technology training had statistically significant effects on the passing rate of the medical qualification examination(all P<0.05).Conclusion By setting the training objectives,setting up the training curriculum system and paying close attention to the assessment management,it is helpful to improve the passing rate of the first medical qualification examination.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application effect of rapid cycle deliberate practice in air enema simulation training for radiology residents.Methods 24 residents under training in the Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University from 2022 to 2024 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 12 residents in each group.Under the guidance of teachers,they performed simulation training in air enema reduction within a limited time.The observation group of residents took rapid cycle deliberate practice protocol,while the control group used traditional exercises.Before and after the practice,the two groups of residents were assessed on the theory and skill operation of air enema,and a questionnaire survey was conducted on their satisfaction with the training and on their confidence in independently performing air enema.Results After training,the observation group had higher theoretical knowledge,operational skills,satisfaction,and confidence in independently performing air enema than the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion The method of rapid cycle deliberate practice is effective in simulation training in air enema reduction,which can effectively improve the skill of air enema reduction,satisfaction and the confidence in independent operation.

Abstract:Objective This study aimed to explore the specific pathways and practical teaching effects of integrating excellent traditional Chinese culture into the ideological and political education of master's degree students in clinical oncology medicine(referred to as professional master's students).Methods A total of 90 professional master's students who received standardized residency training in the Oncology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from October 2023 to September 2024 were selected as research subjects.They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 45 participants in each group.The observation group adopted a clinical teaching model combining ideological and political education(integrated with excellent traditional Chinese culture)with case-based learning(CBL),while the control group only used the traditional CBL teaching method.The professional ability assessments and evaluations of the practical teaching model were compared between the two groups.Results The professional assessment scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Questionnaire survey results showed that the excellent and good rates of the observation group in six dimensions,including enhancing patriotism,improving learning autonomy,promoting doctor-patient communication skills,boosting professional ethics,strengthening humanistic care capabilities,and fostering scientific research and innovation spirit,were all higher than those of the control group,and all differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion Integrating excellent traditional Chinese culture into the ideological and political education of oncology medical professional master's students can improve their political literacy,professional proficiency,and comprehensive capabilities.It holds great significance for cultivating medical talents who possess both excellent medical ethics and professional skills.

Abstract:Objective To explore the evaluation on standardized residency training in Yunnan Province by the instructors,and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods From June to July 2022,instructors from 8 provincial and municipal residency training bases in Yunnan Province were randomly selected by stratified sampling.A self-designed questionnaire was used for the survey,and t-test,analysis of variance and ordered multinomial logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis.Results Instructors supported the residency training policy,but the score for salary and welfare benefits was the lowest,with(3.6±0.8)points.83.4%of the instructors reported that the busy clinical work led to insufficient teaching time.Further analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences among instructors at different levels in the evaluation on remunerations and in the reasons for undertaking teaching work(all P<0.05).The evaluation on teaching management work,the degree of attention from the base and the training conditions were the influencing factors for the overall evaluation(all P<0.05).Conclusion work and optimize training conditions.The residency training policy should take into account different levels and individuals to ensure fairness and effectiveness.

Abstract:Objective To explore the construction methods and implementation effects of a post competency-oriented training system for anesthesiology residents.Methods Oriented by the core competency of residents and in accordance with the Standardized Training Contents and Standards for Resident Physicians,a training model including hierarchical rotation plan,competency-oriented training courses and a milestone assessment system was constructed.The 2021 cohort anesthesiology resident physicians from Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group by the random number table method,with 15 in each group.The observation group adopted the competency-oriented teaching model,while the control group adopted the traditional teaching model.We compared the formative evaluation indicators(Mini-CEX and DOPS),the summative evaluation indicators(discharge assessment scores and OSCE scores)and the teaching satisfaction of the two groups respectively receiving traditional teaching and competency-oriented teaching,aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of competency-oriented training system.Results After training,the observation group exhibited significantly better results than the control group in Mini-CEX scores,DOPS scores,discharge assessment scores and OSCE scores,as well as in the teaching satisfaction.Conclusion The competency-oriented training system for anesthesiology residents can effectively enhance the job competence and the clinical comprehensive abilities of residents.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application value of standardized on-site teaching in ultrasound medicine standardized residency training.Methods Resident physicians in the 2018-2022 cohorts of the Ultrasound Medicine Department at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University were enrolled.Participants were divided into two groups according to the implementation time of the teaching program at the training base:the 2018-2019 cohorts underwent conventional teaching(control group,n=29),while the 2020-2022 cohorts received on-site teaching(observation group,n=40).After completing one year of training in the Ultrasound Department,the annual assessment results and the training satisfaction levels of resident physicians in the two groups were compared.Results The observation group had higher scores in the annual skill exams than the control group(P=0.011),and was more satisfied with residency training than the control group(P<0.001),with statistical significance.Conclusion Standardized on-site teaching can improve the clinical diagnostic thinking and practical skills of ultrasound medicine resident physicians,and has important application value in the ultrasound medicine standardized residency training.

Abstract:Objective Based on existing teacher training,this study aimed to explore and establish a post competency-oriented hybrid curriculum system for residency training teachers and to preliminarily evaluate its training effect.Methods The training needs of teachers were obtained through preliminary survey results.After consulting peer experts,a hybrid curriculum system based on post competency was constructed for residency training teachers.A total of 121 teachers from Zhongda Hospital were selected to participate in the training program.After the training,a questionnaire was used to evaluate the training effect.Results The teachers expressed high satisfaction with the training courses,with an overall satisfaction score of(9.16±0.81)points.Conclusion The construction of a hybrid curriculum system based on post competency for residency training teachers has achieved initial results.It is necessary to continue optimizing the curriculum content and training system to continuously improve the level of teachers.

Abstract:Standardized fellowship training for specialists is an important part of post-graduation medical education,which is a necessary way to further improve the clinical skills of specialists and cultivate high-level composite medical talents with diversified abilities.In recent years,China has been gradually exploring a new path for standardized fellowship training of specialists,and Shanghai has taken the lead in starting the pilot construction of standardized fellowship training of specialists.As the largest ophthalmology standardized fellowship training base in Shanghai,the EYE&ENT Hospital of Fudan University has been exploring the standardized fellowship training of ophthalmologists for many years.In this paper,we summarize the special measures and existing problems in the practice of ophthalmology physician standardized training at the EYE&ENT Hospital of Fudan University,and put forward optimization measures to provide reference for the continuous refinement of the fellowship training system for specialists.

Abstract:Objective To learn about the employment status of anesthesiology residents graduated from standardized residency training(SRT)in Hubei Province,analyze the influencing factors for employment,provide decision-making basis for standardized residency training and targeted recruitment,and offer career choice references for residents.Methods An electronic questionnaire was distributed among and collected from anesthesiology residents who participated in SRT in Hubei Province from 2014 to 2019,covering basic information,training conditions,feedback,employment status of graduates,and job evaluations of employed residents.Results To investigate factors influencing employment,we included only 176 resident physicians who participated in SRT as non-contracted trainees(social recruits)and those as professional master's degree students.Among the 176 participants,135(76.7%)were currently employed,16(9.1%)were pursuing further education,and 25(14.2%)were unemployed.The majority of employed residents reported a monthly salary ranging from 3 000 to 15 000 CNY(117 individuals,86.7%).Residents expressed relatively high satisfaction with their training bases[(0.793±0.336)points]and strongly agreed that SRT substantially enhanced their job competence[(0.732±0.444)points].Conclusion The anesthesiology residency training program in Hubei Province demonstrates significant effectiveness,with residents reporting high satisfaction with training quality and favorable employment outcomes.Most graduates continue to work in anesthesiology.Salaries are concentrated within a moderate range,and employment status is linked to SRT identity category but unrelated to the training bases'location,prior work experience,or academic degree at enrollment.

Abstract:Objective To understand the status quo of the post competency of general practitioners in standardized residency training bases in Shanxi and analyze the influencing factors,so as to provide basis for improving the post competency of general practitioners.Methods From February to March 2024,815 general practitioners in standardized residency training bases in Shanxi were investigated by electronic questionnaire,and their abilities in basic medical services,public health services,humanistic practice,and education and learning were specifically evaluated,to analyze the status quo of resident doctors'post competency and its influencing factors.Results Compared with the first grade,the basic medical service ability of the second and third grades was significantly improved(P<0.017),and in terms of humanistic practice ability,the post competency score of the third grade was higher than that of the first grade(P<0.017).There were significant differences in the post competency scores of different age groups,identities,grades,degrees of doctor's popularity in patients and self-ratings of work performance(all P<0.05),among which the identity of general practitioners,degree of doctor's popularity in patients and self-rating of work performance significantly affected the post competency score(all P<0.05).The post competency of hospital personnel was 2.396 points higher than that of order-oriented students on average.The average post competency score of social physicians was 1.901 points higher than that of order-oriented students.The average post competency score of general practitioners increased by 2.530 points and 2.676 points respectively for each upper level of the doctor's popularity in patients and the self-evaluation score of work performance.Conclusion There is still a lot of room to improve the post competency of general practitioners in Shanxi.In the future,we will focus on the basic medical service ability dimension to further improve the post competency level of general practitioners in Shanxi.

Abstract:Medical law,as an interdisciplinary field combining medicine and law,aims to cultivate professionals with knowledge of medical law,ethical decision-making abilities,and skills in handling medical disputes.With the increasing number of medical disputes globally,the advancement of biotechnology,and the frequent occurrence of public health events,the importance of medical law in postgraduation medical education has become more and more prominent.As the construction of new liberal arts progresses,higher demands are placed on medical law.This paper analyzes the current status of medical law education both domestically and internationally,explores the differences and advantages of medical law education in different countries,and based on the actual situation of postgraduate medical education in China,proposes future optimization paths.

Abstract:Objective Using the standardized student combined with the mixed simulation model,to explore the role of teacher training in improving the programmatic assessment ability of resident physician instructors.Methods A total of 245 instructors who participated in the Guangdong Provincial General Teacher Training Course for Standardized Residency Training from May 2023 to July 2025 were selected as the research subjects.The model of standardized students combined with mixed simulation was adopted,which included teaching and practice of programmatic assessment concepts,formative evaluation tools,OSCE,and structured feedback.Through self-assessment questionnaires before and after training and satisfaction surveys,the changes in instructors'mastery of evaluation tools and implementation of feedback were compared.Results The mastery and cognitive level of mini-CEX and DOPS formative evaluation,OSCE,and structured feedback among residency training instructors significantly increased compared with those before training,which were 4(3,4)vs 3(2,4)(Z=-9.630,P<0.001),4(3,4)vs 3(2,4)(Z=-9.576,P<0.001),and 4(3,4)vs 3(2,4)(Z=-7.891,P<0.001),respectively.The trainees'overall satisfaction with the training was relatively high,with the average scores of all 10 indicators being above 8.0 points,among which the scores of"overall satisfaction"and"course practicality"were the highest.Conclusion The training model of standardized students combined with mixed simulation helps improve supervising physicians'cognitive level of OSCE formative assessment and structured feedback.This model has potential value in promoting programmatic assessment and is worthy of further promotion and application.

Abstract:Objective This study explores the relationship between the process assessment scores and the final theoretical examination scores during tandardized residency training,as well as its predicictive value for the exam preformance.Methods A total of 100 residents who participated in the final theoretical examination of the Psychiatry Residency Training Program at the hospital were included in the analysis.The basic information,process assessment scores,and final theoretical examination scores were analyzed.SPSS 27.0 statistical software was used for data processing.Normally distributed continuous variables were compared using t-tests or analysis of variance(ANOVA),and correlation analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Predictive analysis was conducted using linear regression,and model validation was carried out using ten-fold cross-validation.Results The overall pass rate of the final theoretical examination in 2023 and 2024 cohorts was 98%,with an average theoretical score of(427.06±12.41).The final theoretical examination scores of residents with a master's degree in medicine were significantly higher than those of residents recruited from the general public(P<0.05).Final theoretical scores were positively correlated with first-year theoretical assessment scores,third-year theoretical assessment scores,and initial licensing exam scores(P<0.05).The third-year theoretical assessment scores were identified as the key factor influencing the final theoretical examination scores.Ten-fold cross-validation showed that the model's error was acceptable.Conclusion The overall pass rate for the final theoretical examination in the residency training program is high.For residents with suboptimal theoretical assessment scores in earlier years,timely diagnosis and supplementation of their knowledge gaps may have a significant impact on improving their final theoretical examination scores and pass rates.The final examination plays a pivotal role in guiding the residency training process and effectively promotes the professional development of residents as well as the overall quality improvement of the residency training program.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the information construction of standardized residency training in China from 2014 to 2024 by visualization analysis,so as to obtain the research hotspots and reference for the field of standardized residency training.Methods Using CiteSpace 6.3.R 1 visualization analysis software as a research tool,statistical analysis for annual publication volume,institution publication volume and keyword clusters was conducted on Chinese literatures,which were retrieved from the database of CNKI from January 1,2014 to September 30,2024.Results A total of 489 Chinese publications were included.From 2014 to 2019,the number of annual publications in this field showed an upward trend,and from 2020,the number of annual publications in this field showed a downward trend,with the highest number of publications in 2019(69 papers).These papers were published by 257 institutions,and the institution with the largest number of documents was Peking University Third Hospital.The keywords cluster map and emergent word analysis suggested that simulation system was a hot topic in recent years.Conclusion More and more attention has been paid to the information construction of standardized residency training in China,but the cooperation between researchers and research institutions needs to be strengthened.The frontier trends are concentrated on simulation system,obstetrics and gynecology,internal medicine and general family medicine.

Abstract:Objective By analyzing the graduation examination results and current situation survey of the standardized residency training in the Department of Clinical Pathology(referred to as"residency training")in Guangdong Province over the past three years,this study aimed to explore the existing problems and deficiencies in the training.Methods Taking 134 resident physicians who completed training from the Clinical Pathology Department in Guangdong Province in 2024 as the research subjects,a questionnaire survey was conducted,and the results were analyzed in combination with the graduation assessment results from 2022 to 2024.Results In the pathological diagnosis stage,the scores of the residents with professional master's degree in medicine(referred to as professional masters)were lower than those of the resident physicians recruited from hospitals and society.In 2024,the scores in cytology and non-tumor diseases were lower than those in other systems,and the above differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Results of the satisfaction survey showed that the professional masters'score in guarantee for residency training was lower than that of the other two types of personnel.31%of resident physicians had very little knowledge of molecular pathology.The main suggestion for improvement was to increase the study time of molecular pathology.Conclusion Through multi-dimensional reforms,such as optimizing the review mechanism for professional masters,improving the training guarantee system,and deepening the cultivation of core competencies,the shortcomings of residency training can be effectively addressed,the clinical competence of pathological talents can be strengthened,and a high-quality team of pathologists can be cultivated for the era of precision medicine.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the teaching effectiveness of the multimodal teaching method in standardized residency training at the department of nuclear medicine.Methods 88 clinical resident trainees were recruited at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from February 2023 to March 2025,and were randomly divided into the nuclear medicine group(n=22),the radiology group(n=34)and the ultrasound group(n=32).They were trained and educated using the multimodal teaching method,and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 statistical software to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of each group by the theoretical scores of the exit examination and by the questionnaire survey ratings.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the theoretical scores of the exit examination among the different groups(P>0.05).However,the questionnaire survey ratings for the nuclear medicine group were significantly higher than those for the ultrasound and radiology groups(P<0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences between the ultrasound and radiology groups(P>0.05).The theoretical scores of the exit examination were significantly correlated with the LBL,PBL and CBL components of the multimodal teaching method(P<0.01).Conclusion The multimodal teaching method can enhance the active learning and initiative of residents,broaden knowledge horizons,and improve clinical thinking and team collaboration skills in solving complex problems,making it worthy of widespread application.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application effectiveness of the 3 D printing-based MDT(multi-disciplinary team)teaching model in standardized training for Master of Medicine(professional degree)residents in orthopedics.Methods Sixty orthopedic professional degree postgraduate students enrolled from 2022 to 2023 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were randomly divided into an observation group(n=30)and a control group(n=30)using a random number table.The observation group received teaching via the 3 D printing-integrated MDT model,while the control group underwent traditional teaching.Teaching effectiveness was evaluated through end-of-rotation theoretical assessments,practical skill assessments,and questionnaires.Results The observation group achieved significantly higher total theoretical scores(90.47±3.40 vs.81.77±3.05)and practical skill scores(89.80±2.54 vs.82.43±3.39)compared with the control group(both P<0.05).Questionnaire results indicated that the observation group demonstrated statistically significant advantages in stimulating learning interest,enhancing the abilities in analytical skills,language expression,problem-solving and,self-directed learning,and bridging theory-practice connections(all P<0.05).Conclusion The 3 D printing-based MDT teaching model can strengthen residents'comprehension and memory,and enhance their three-dimensional spatial modeling skills,thereby improving teaching quality,effectiveness and satisfaction.

Abstract:Objective This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of transforming learning mode of radiation oncology for resident trainees based on the transformative learning theory.Methods By analyzing the current teaching status quo and existing issues in our radiation oncology residency training base,we introduced transformative learning theory,and conducted the exploration and practice of teaching reform in such aspects as teaching models,teaching methods,and evaluation systems.Results The learning mode grounded in transformative learning theory could enhance the resident trainees'learning interest and participation,and stimulate their abilities in empathy for patients and in clinical speculative and application.It could also help residents establish a complete diagnosis and treatment concept,and improve their personal medical service knowledge and skills.Conclusion The transformative learning model can assist the radiation oncology residents to improve their ability of understanding and improving medical services in health care system,thus providing new ideas and methods for cultivating qualified oncologists.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of PBL、CBL combined with mini-CEX in the standardized residency training of gastrointestinal surgery.Methods From August 2022 to July 2024,60 residents who rotated in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Shenzhen People's Hospital were selected and randomly diveded into the observation group and the control group,with 30 residents in each group.The effectiveness was assessed through department exit examinations,mini-CEX evaluations and questionnaires upon completion of their rotation.Results No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of gender,age,academic year,specialty,background,and previous department exit exam scores(all P>0.05).The observation group outperformed the control group in both department exit examinations and mini-CEX evaluations,with these differences being statistically significant(all P<0.05).The residents of the observation group reported that the PBL、CBL combined with Mini-CEX teaching method enhanced their curiosity and enthusiasm for learning(73.3%),communication and expression skills(73.3%),self-directed learning capabilities(80%),comprehension of diseases(76.7%),and preference for this instructional method(86.7%),with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusion The integration of PBL、CBL with Mini-CEX is an effective method for enhancing the teaching outcomes in standardized residency training and the clinical competencies of residents.