Abstract:Objective To explore the diverse etiologies and corresponding histological features of granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM),to summarize its cytological characteristics,and to analyze the unique significance of male cases.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 11 GLM cases diagnosed and treated at Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Etiological classification was performed based on the Chinese Expert Consensus on Pathological Diagnosis of Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis(2024 Edition).Clinicopathological analysis was carried out by integrating histological,cytological,and other laboratory findings.Results Among the 11 patients,10 were female and 1 was male,with ages ranging from 26 to 57 years(median:34).Based on etiology and histological features,cases were categorized as follows:Corynebacterium infection group(n=3):Histology revealed extensive confluent lesions with large abscess formation,prominent lipid-laden vacuoles,and visible Corynebacteria;Hyperprolactinemia group(n=2,including 1 male case):Histology showed damaged and shed ductal epithelium,intraductal foamy histiocyte accumulation,occasional intraluminal granulomas,and varying degrees of fat necrosis;Autoimmune-associated group(n=1):Histology demonstrated focal lesions distributed across multiple lobules,rare large confluent areas,vasculitis,and perivascular/intramural lymphocytic infiltration;Idiopathic group(n=5):Histology exhibited overlapping features of the above subtypes.Cytological findings of fine-needle aspiration or intraoperative imprint cytology in 3 cases revealed abundant neutrophils(3/3),multinucleated giant cells(3/3),and necrotic background(1/3).Conclusion The etiological related groups of GLM have characteristic pathological diagnostic patterns.The discovery of male cases provides new clues for the hormone-dependent hypothesis of GLM;cytological examination has a high indicative value for granulomatous lesions,but it cannot distinguish subtypes,and its diagnostic value needs to be comprehensively evaluated in combination histopathology and laboratory examination..

Abstract:Objective To explore the cytologic features of suture granulomas in cervical/vaginal cytologic smears,which were rarely reported in literatures.Methods Cervical/vaginal liquid-based cytology smears were retrospectively analyzed from six patients with a history of uterine surgery.Results All patients had a history of cervical surgeries,and their cytologic smears were sampled within half a year following their surgeries.While foreign sutures were found in all the 6 cervical/vaginal liquid-based cytologic specimens,granulomatous reactions were found in 4 of them.Such sutures appeared as rectangular foreign bodies,varying in sizes,lengths,and staining(red or blue),some of which were engulfed or wrapped by multinuclear giant cells.Conclusion Suture granulomas are rarely observed in cervical cytology,but can be confidently diagnosed in cytologic specimens in conjunction with the history of uterine surgery in patients,thus offering some hints to the clinical treatment.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the application effects of three techniques in pleural effusion cell block preparation and to analyze their impacts on slide quality.Methods A total of 106 pleural effusion specimens collected from February 2022 to December 2024 at the Department of Pathology,Yibin First People's Hospital were randomly divided into three groups:using a random number table method filter paper transfer method(n=35),agar encapsulation method(n=35),and ethanol-pipette method(n=36).Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was first performed on paraffin-embedded sections for morphological observation.Subsequent immunohistochemical(IHC)staining was selectively conducted based on diagnostic requirements.The HE/IHC staining quality,slide preparation outcomes,and operational efficiency were compared across methods.Results The cell yield obtained by the filter paper transfer method was relatively small,with good cell morphology and local cell density.The cells obtained by the agar encapsulation method had good aggregation and integrity,but the cell quantity had a great impact on the section quality.The ethanol-pipette method had a good cell fixation effect,was not limited by the cell quantity,and the cells in the section were relatively dispersed.The excellent and good rate of HE slide preparation by the ethanol-test-tube method was significantly higher than that of the filter-paper transfer method and the agar-encapsulation method(P<0.05).The excellent rate of IHC preparations using the ethanol-pipette method was 77.78%(28/36),which was significantly higher than the 8.57%(3/35)for the filter paper transfer method and 34.29%(12/35)for the agar encapsulation method(P<0.05).Conclusion While the filter paper method offers simplicity(average operation time 25±3.5 min)and the agar method ensures clustering capability,the ethanol-pipette method combines operational efficiency(time required 18±2.1 min),high diagnostic accuracy(93.5%concordance rate),and excellent section quality,making it the most clinically practical technique for standardized cell block preparation.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of ovarian clear cell carcinoma(OCCC)in order to provide evidence for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods Thirty-nine cases of OCCC were collected for analysis of their histopathological and immunohistochemical features.Follow-up was conducted until April 2025.Results The average age of the patients was 52 years,and among them,66.7%of cases were classified as early-stage FIGO(26/39,including 20 Stage I and 6 Stage II).Five patients died within one year after surgery,five were lost to follow-up,and 29 cases remained disease-free.Among four patients with p53 mutations,two experienced one recurrence and one had twice recurrences;all were disease-free at the end of follow-up.Most tumors were unilateral(76.9%),with solid-cystic or solid cut surfaces and an average diameter of 9 cm.Microscopically,the tumors exhibited various patterns,including cystic-tubular,sieve-like,papillary,and solid structures,with 69.2%showing eosinophilic secretions.Tumor cells were diverse in morphology,with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm and varying nuclear grades.Immunohistochemistry showed high expression of Pax-8,HNF-1β,and Napsin A,and low expression of WT-1.The mutation rate of p53 was 10.26%,and the loss rate of ARID1α expression was 25.81%.Conclusion OCCC is characterized by unique clinicopathological and molecular features.The combined application of HNF-1β and Napsin A serves as important immunohistochemical markers for OCCC diagnosis.Loss of ARID1α expression and p53 mutation status are significant for individualized therapy.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics,immunophenotypes,and molecular genetics of BCL2-negative follicular lymphoma(FL).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 7 cases of BCL2-negative FL to analyze their histopathological characteristics,immunophenotypes,molecular genetic features,and prognosis.Results The patients included 5 males and 2 females,with an age range of 36 to 72 years,and a median age of 51 years.Microscopically,lymph node structures were destroyed,with numerous tumor follicles visible within,loss of follicular polarity,reduction or disappearance of the surrounding mantle zone,absence of the anechoic area,and tumor follicles composed of central cells and centroblastic cells.All tumor cells expressed B-cell markers and germinal center markers BCL6;2 cases showed loss of CD10 expression,all BCL2 were negative,all CD38 were negative or weakly positive,and some CD23 and MUM1 were partially positive(3/7).FISH was performed in 5 cases,and the results showed that 1 case had BCL2(18q21)gene translocation(1/5),and 1 case had BCL2 and BCL6 gene copy number amplification.Clonal IgH and IgK gene rearrangements were tested on 4 biopsy specimens,with 3 cases showing monoclonal configuration(3/4).2 cases underwent simple tumor resection,5 cases received 6-8 cycles of G/R+chemotherapy,followed by G/R consolidation therapy.Follow-up ranged from 12 to 74 months,and currently,all 7 patients were alive.Conclusion BCL2-negative FL is a rare B-cell lymphoma with unique clinical,pathological,and molecular genetic characteristics.It should be differentiated from reactive follicular hyperplasia and childhood follicular lymphoma to improve its understanding and to avoid missed diagnosis,misdiagnosis,and overtreatment.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features and gene mutations of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma to the breast,in order to distinguish metastatic lesions from primary breast cancer.Methods A total of 5 cases were collected.The morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of tumors in breast tissue were observed,and molecular detection of lung adenocarcinoma was performed by PCR.Results All patients were female,with age ranging from 47 to 60 years(median 50 years).The time from the diagnosis of primary lung cancer to the current breast metastasis was 0 to 64 months.PET/CT showed that breast metastasis was found along with metastases to other sites in 4 patients,including bone,lymph nodes,and subcutaneous tissues.Histologically,the tumor infiltrated surrounding normal breast tissue.None of the cases showed an in situ ductal carcinoma and none showed micro-calcifications.Lymphatic vessel emboli were observed in 1 case,necrosis was found in 2 cases.Immunohistochemically,TTF-1 was positive in all cases,NapsinA was positive in 4 cases,ER was weakly positive in 2 case,HER2(1+)was observed in 2 cases;GATA3 and PR were negative in all cases.Primary lung adenocarcinoma showed different genetic mutations by PCR,including HER2-Exon 20 ins,K-RAS Exon 2,EGFR-Exon 21(L858R),EGFR-Exon 18(E709A,G719A)mutation.3 patients died after breast metastasis,1 was alive and 1 was lost of follow-up.Conclusion Differential diagnosis between primary breast cancer and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma is difficult.Microscopic,immunohistochemical and radiologic findings in conjunction with the patient's clinical history should be considered in order to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment for patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of nodular fasciitis of the breast(NFB).Methods The clinical data of 11 cases of NFB were retrospectively analyzed to summarize its pathological features,immunophenotype,and molecular genetic characteristics,with review of relevant literature.Results There were all female,aged 18-54 years(median 38.5 years).Diameter of tumors was from 0.5 cm-3.2 cm(median 1.6 cm).Microscopically,the tumors exhibited an infiltrative growth pattern with ill-defined borders.The spindle-shaped myofibroblasts were arranged in fascicular or haphazard patterns,displaying bland cytologic features with small nucleoli.Mitotic figures were readily identifiable.The stroma showed variable degrees of collagenization to myxoid change,accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration and erythrocyte extravasation.Immunophenotypically,the spindle cells expressed SMA,vimentin and CD10 but were negative for ER,PR,CK,EMA,S-100,CD34,CD117,DOG1,BCL-2,ALK,and STAT6.Multinucleated giant cells expressed CD68.Fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for the USP6 gene revealed the gene rearrangements in all cases.Conclusion NFB is rare,and it needs to be differentiated from other spindle cell lesions of the breast.Molecular genetic detection for USP6 gene rearrangement can facilitate the diagnosis.For treatment,NFB requires local excision.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,imaging manifestations,pathological diagnosis,and differential diagnosis of epithelioid osteoblastoma(EOB)and osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma(OBOS).Methods Twenty-two cases of EOB and eleven cases of OBOS were collected,and a comparative analysis was conducted on their clinical imaging data,pathomorphological features,immunophenotypes and molecular genetic alterations,along with a review of the domestic and international literature.Results The male-to-female ratio in EOB was 2.1∶1,with ages ranging from 9 to 63 years(average 24.2 years).Among them,12 cases involved axial bones,6 cases involved long shafts at the metaphysis,and 1 case involved the pelvis,talus,scapula and clavicle each.Clinically,most patients experienced pain after activity,with imaging showing expansile lytic bone destruction.Histologically,the lesions exhibited epithelioid cells and osteoid tissues,with abundant blood sinuses between cells,but no definitive pathological mitotic figures were observed.The male-to-female ratio in OBOS was 0.57∶1,with ages ranging from 4 to 48 years(average 26.8 years).Among them,7 cases involved long bones,2 cases involved the jawbone,and 1 case involved the ribs and ischium each.Clinically,patients experienced persistent pain that could not be relieved,accompanied by local masses.Imaging showed unclear lytic or mixed osteosclerotic bone destruction with periosteal reaction.Histologically,the lesions exhibited osteoblastomatous hyperplasia with moderate atypia and atypical mitotic figures,showing invasion into bone and soft tissues.Conclusion The treatment and prognosis of EOB and OBOS differ,and the differential diagnosis requires a comprehensive analysis of clinical,imaging and histopathological morphology.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the adaptability and limitations of an artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted thin-prep cytology test(TCT)model in real-world screening settings of primary care institutions,and to explore its performance across different lesion types,screening processes,and physician acceptance,aiming to provide evidence for optimizing cervical cancer screening strategies.Methods A prospective controlled study was conducted,enrolling 1,200 women undergoing cervical cancer screening at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its affiliated community hospitals.Participants were assigned to three interpretation groups:AI-assisted interpretation,manual interpretation,and AI-human collaborative interpretation.Using HPV testing and histopathological examination as reference standards,the sensitivity,specificity,negative predictive value(NPV),interpretation time,and misinterpretation types of the three groups in identifying≥CIN2 lesions were assessed.Structured questionnaires and interviews with physicians were conducted to evaluate their subjective experiences regarding system usability,interpretation reliability,and operational interference.Results The AI model demonstrated a sensitivity of 92.8%,specificity of 86.5%,and NPV of 97.6%in identifying≥CIN2 lesions.It effectively pre-screened negative slides,with an average interpretation time of 11.5 seconds.The manual interpretation group(Group A)showed a sensitivity of 91.2%,specificity of 89.3%,NPV of 96.4%,and an average interpretation time of 94.2 seconds.The AI-human collaborative group achieved the highest sensitivity(95.3%)and the lowest false-negative rate.However,the AI model exhibited a tendency for misinterpretation in cases of atypical glandular cells(AGC),mixed lesions,and rare cell types.Physician feedback indicated that 82%believed AI improved work efficiency,78%acknowledged its value in alerting for low-grade lesions,yet 56%still preferred manual review for borderline cases.Conclusion The AI-assisted cervical cytology model demonstrates excellent efficiency and preliminary screening capability in real-world primary care settings,particularly suitable for rapid triage and negative case exclusion in large-scale screenings.While AI is effective for initial rapid triage in primary care,complex lesions require manual review.The AI-human collaborative approach represents a feasible strategy for improving screening quality.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of autoimmune gastritis(AIG).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 39 patients with AIG by endoscopic biopsy from January 2022 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 39 patients(23 confirmed cases and 16 suspected cases),25 were females and 14 were males.The age at onset ranged from 33 to 82 years,with a median age of 56 years.Endoscopically,the main manifestations were mucosal atrophy in the gastric body and fundus,while the gastric antrum was basically normal.Polypoid lesions were found in some patients.Histologically,the lamina propria of the gastric body and fundus showed infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells of varying degrees,a decrease in intrinsic glands accompanied by a reduction in parietal cells,intestinal metaplasia,(pseudo)pyloric gland metaplasia,and pancreatic acinar metaplasia.Neuroendocrine cell proliferative lesions/tumors were found in 37 cases:21 cases of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia,2 cases of dysplasia,and 14 cases of neuroendocrine tumors.Laboratory tests revealed that 23 out of 27 patients were positive for anti-parietal cell antibody(APCA)and/or anti-intrinsic factor antibody(AIFA),and 20 out of 24 patients had elevated serum gastrin levels.The clinical manifestations of patients were non-specific.Among the 39 patients,12 cases had anemia,15 cases were complicated with other autoimmune disorders,and 2 cases had gastric adenocarcinoma.Conclusion AIG predominantly affects middle-aged women with non-specific clinical manifestations.When endoscopic examination finds gastric mucosal atrophy in the gastric body and fundus,especially in patients complicated with anemia or other autoimmune disorders,the diagnosis of AIG should be suspected.

Abstract:Objective To explore the expression of Discs large homologous affinity protein 5(DLGAP5)and hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor(HMMR)in lung cancer tissues and their relationship with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis,in order to enhance the understanding of this disease.Methods A total of 80 patients with advanced lung cancer who were admitted to the hospital from April 2022 to April 2024 and scheduled to receive sintilimab combined with chemotherapy were prospectively enrolled as study subjects.Minimally invasive biopsy were used to collect samples of cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues.Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the differential expression of DLGAP5 and HMMR between cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues,and the relationships between their expression and the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients were analyzed.Results The proportion of high expression of DLGAP5 and HMMR in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues(P＜0.05);Significant differences were observed in the expression of DLGAP5 and HMMR in cancer tissues among different TNM clinical stages and differentiation degrees(P＜0.05).Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the expression of DLGAP5 and HMMR in cancer tissues was significantly correlated with TNM clinical staging and differentiation degree(P＜0.05).High expression of DLGAP5 and HMMR was associated with a poorer prognosis.The proportions of patients with TNM clinical stage IV,poor differentiation,high expression of DLGAP5,and high expression of HMMR in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group(P＜0.05).Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that TNM clinical stage,differentiation degree,DLGAP5 expression,and HMMR expression were related to patient prognosis.Multivariate analysis further confirmed that TNM clinical stage,differentiation degree,DLGAP5,and HMMR were independent prognostic factors affecting patient outcomes(P＜0.05).Conclusion DLGAP5 and HMMR are highly expressed in cancer tissues of lung cancer patients and are associated with prognosis,suggesting that DLGAP5 and HMMR may become potential molecular targets for the treatment of lung cancer.

Abstract:Objective To explore the value of combined detection of inflammatory,coagulation,and immune indices in the prognostic assessment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods Clinical data of 120 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were retrospectively analyzed.The relationships between C-reactive protein(CRP),D-dimer,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR),and patient survival were evaluated.ROC curves were used to determine optimal cutoff values,Cox regression analysis identified independent prognostic factors,and a combined prediction model was constructed and compared with the international prognostic index(IPI).Results Based on ROC curve analysis,the optimal cutoff values were:CRP>10 mg/L,D-dimer>500 ng/mL,NLR≥3,and LMR<2,all of which were independent prognostic factors(HR:2.35,1.98,1.75,and 0.54,respectively;all P<0.05).The combined prediction model had a C-statistic of 0.78,significantly higher than the IPI score(0.71),with an area under the ROC curve of 0.82,which was superior to the IPI score(0.74)(P=0.023).When the model was combined with the IPI score,the predictive accuracy for patient prognosis was further improved(AUC=0.87).The model performed consistently across different IPI score subgroups.Interaction analysis showed that the combined elevation of CRP and D-dimer significantly increased the prognostic risk(HR=3.25,P＜0.001).Conclusion Combined detection of inflammatory,coagulation,and immune indices is superior to the traditional IPI score and provides a new tool for the prognostic assessment of DLBCL patients,which is conducive to formulating individualized clinical treatment strategies.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical application value of artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted cytologic interpretation combined with human papillomavirus(HPV)genotyping in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2(CIN2+)or worse,thereby informing optimization of screening strategies.Methods A retrospective paired diagnostic efficacy study was conducted,including 300 cervical liquid-based cytology(LBC)specimens and corresponding histopathological results from women who attended Shanxi Bethune Hospital between March 2021 and March 2025.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)in the diagnosis of CIN2+were compared among four approaches:the AI cytology model,pathologist manual review,HPV16/18 genotyping,and the AI+HPV combined model.Differences were compared using the DeLong and McNemar tests.Clinical net benefit across risk thresholds was assessed using decision curve analysis(DCA).Results For CIN2+diagnosis,AI cytology model yielded a sensitivity of 87.2%,specificity of 80.4%,and AUC of 0.90(95%CI:0.86-0.94).Pathologist manual review achieved a sensitivity of 85.0%,specificity of 88.9%,and AUC of 0.91(95%CI:0.87-0.95).HPV16/18 genotyping showed the highest sensitivity(90.2%)but the lowest specificity(56.5%),with an AUC of 0.80(95%CI:0.75-0.84).The AI+HPV combined model demonstrated the best performance,with a sensitivity of 95.0%,specificity of 86.2%,PPV of 90.0%,NPV of 96.2%,and AUC of 0.95(95%CI:0.92-0.97),significantly outperforming any single method(all P<0.01).DCA indicated that the combined model consistently provided the greatest net benefit within the 10%-40%threshold probability range.Subgroup analysis confirmed that the combined model maintained stable performance across different HPV genotypes,age groups,and cytology categories.Notably,the combined model markedly improved NPV(96.2%)in ASC-US/LSIL cases and achieved a sensitivity of 98.0%in HSIL and above cases.Conclusion The combined diagnostic model of AI-assisted cytologic interpretation and HPV genotyping achieves both high sensitivity and specificity,reducing missed diagnoses while avoiding excessive referrals.It offers greater clinical net benefit than single-method approaches and shows promise as a multimodal strategy in cervical cancer screening and pathological diagnosis.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application value of vision foundation models in intelligent diagnosis of whole slide images(WSI)for breast cancer,to construct an artificial intelligence-driven pathological visualization diagnostic platform,and to develop a standardized report auto-generation system,thereby improving the accuracy,standardization,and efficiency of breast cancer pathological diagnosis.Methods A total of 2,938 WSI images of breast resection specimens and corresponding standardized pathological reports were retrospectively collected from the Department of Pathology,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,between January 2023 and 2025.The dataset was divided into training,validation,and test sets at a ratio of 7:1:2.The RuiPath Pathology Vision Foundation Model v1.0,independently developed by Ruijin Hospital and based on the Vision Transformer(ViT)architecture,was employed as the visual encoder.During training,regions of interest within the WSI were extracted and segmented into 256×256 pixel image patches for model input.During testing,the model's performance was evaluated on key diagnostic tasks,including tumor detection(presence or absence),histological typing,Nottingham grading(mitotic count,tubule formation,and nuclear pleomorphism),and lymph node metastasis.The primary evaluation metrics included F1 score,accuracy(ACC),and area under the curve(AUC).Finally,a web-based visual interactive system with a review function was developed to achieve full automation from image analysis to report generation.Results The pathological visualization diagnostic system demonstrated excellent performance in WSI-level tumor detection,accurately identifying the presence or absence of tumors within breast anatomical structures(nipple,base and quadrants).It presented probability heatmaps of tumor regions and visual annotations of key pathological features.The generated standardized reports included structured diagnostic elements,such as tumor size,histological type,grade,margin status,and lymph node metastasis,supporting multidimensional interactive review.Conclusion The artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system based on the ViT architecture vision foundation model can efficiently integrate multi-scale features from WSI,enabling automation and standardization of breast cancer pathological diagnosis and significantly improving diagnostic efficiency.The study confirms the clinical application potential of this technology in assisting pathologists with breast cancer pathological evaluation and report generation,offering a new paradigm for the advancement of digital pathology.Future multi-center prospective studies are required to further validate its clinical application efficacy.

Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between the expression levels of histone deacetylase 1(HDAC1)and fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2(FRS2)in cervical cancer tissues and patients'pathological characteristics and prognosis.Methods A total of 106 cases with cervical cancer from January 2020 to April 2022 were selected.Cancer tissue and adjacent tissue specimens were collected and divided into the cervical cancer group and the adjacent tissue group,respectively.The expression of HDAC1 and FRS2 was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of HDAC1 and FRS2 in patients with different clinicopathological characteristics was compared,and the risk factors affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer cases were explored by multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results Compared with the adjacent tissue group,the positive expression rates of HDAC1 and FRS2 in the cervical cancer group were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with patients with FIGO stage I-IIA,no lymph node metastasis,cervical interstitial infiltration＜1/2,and moderate to high differentiation,patients with FIGO stage IIB-III,lymph node metastasis,cervical interstitial infiltration≥1/2,and low differentiation had higher positive expression rates of HDAC1 and FRS2(P＜0.05).The 3-year overall survival rate of patients with negative HDAC1 expression and that of patients with negative FRS2 expression were respectively higher than those of patients with positive HDAC1 and FRS2 expression(P＜0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that FIGO stage IIB-III(HR=1.876,95%CI:1.048-3.357),lymph node metastasis(HR=2.079,95%CI:1.279-3.381),low differentiation(HR=2.641,95%CI:1.319-5.285),positive HDAC1 expression(HR=2.809,95%CI:1.588-4.970),and positive FRS2 expression(HR=3.077,95%CI:1.831-5.173)were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion HDAC1 and FRS2 are positively expressed in most cervical cancers.Abnormally high expression of both markers is closely related to advanced FIGO stage,lymph node metastasis,and poor prognosis.They are expected to be effective markers for early risk assessment of cervical cancer.