Abstract:Objective To explore the mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(葛根芩连汤)in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Methods We downloaded the microarray datasets of GSE89632 and GSE63067 for NAFLD from the GEO database.After data cleaning,we identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between healthy individuals and NASH patient samples.Secondly,we downloaded the phenotype genes encoded by NAFLD proteins from the GeneCards database.Using the TCMSP database and relevant literature to screen the main active ingredients and targets of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(葛根芩连汤),matching the target genes corresponding to the targets through the Uniprot protein platform,and then crossing the database dataset and differentially expressed genes on GeneCards with the effective active ingredient targets of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(葛根芩连汤),drawing a Venn diagram and uploading it to the STRING platform for protein protein interaction analysis(PPI).Core genes were mined using different algorithms of Cytoscape,and a core gene protein interaction network and a"Gegen Qinlian Decoction(葛根芩连汤)active ingredient intersection target gene"network were constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software.And perform immune infiltration,immune cell differential analysis,and core gene immune cell differential analysis on intersecting target genes.Perform gene(GO)functional enrichment and(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis on the target using R software.And predict upstream miRNAs that regulate core genes through the Targeted Scan database,use AutoDock software for molecular docking of small molecule drug ligands with miRNA receptors,and use Pymol for visualization processing.Results 8467 differentially expressed genes were screened from databases such as GEO,146 active ingredients of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(葛根芩连汤)were identified,47 target genes of drug active ingredients intersected with differentially expressed genes in the database,10 core genes,and 10 genes including chemokinase-2(CCL2),interleukin-6(IL-6),heme oxygenase 1(HMOX1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)were identified as promising diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD.GO enrichment analysis involves responses to oxidative stress,lipid metabolism,ubiquitin ligase binding,cell necrosis and apoptosis,miRNA transcriptional regulation,etc.KEGG enrichment analysis is used in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NF-κB pathway,and P53 signaling pathway.The intersection gene immune infiltration analysis of drugs and disease targets shows that activated dendritic cells,NK-T cells,NK cells,Tfh cells,Th2,CD8+T cells are the main immune cells infiltrating NAFLD.Differential analysis of immune cells and immune correlation analysis of core genes show that Tfh cells,dendritic cells,Th2,and other core genes are highly correlated with AKT1,STAT3,and other core genes.The molecular docking method was used to verify the strong binding ability of eight active ingredients,including baicalein,kaempferol,and quercetin,to miRNA molecules that regulate core genes.Conclusion This study identified 10 core genes and miRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosing NAFLD.Through molecular docking verification,it is suggested that small drug molecules have strong binding ability with miRNA,indicating that miRNA may be a potential regulatory pathway affecting the development of NAFLD.The effective active ingredients of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(葛根芩连汤)provide new clues for the molecular mechanism of treating NAFLD by regulating miRNA and affecting the transcription of core targets.Meanwhile,immune cells such as Tfh,dendritic cells,and Th2 may synergistically affect the progression of NAFLD disease with core genes.

Abstract:Recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA)is a pathological pregnancy.The international definition of RSA is not yet unified,and it is often formulated based on the economic situation and social background of the country or region.Even in economically developed countries,the definition of RSA is not the same,which seriously endangers the physical and mental health and social harmony of women of childbearing age.The pathogenesis of RSA is complex,and it is currently known to be related to abnormal anatomical structures of the reproductive tract,autoimmune diseases,endocrine factors,etc.,but there are still a considerable number of unknown reasons.In current understanding,the causes of RSA are classified as chromosomal or genetic abnormalities,anatomical structural abnormalities,autoimmune diseases,pre-thrombotic status,male factors,infectious factors,endocrine factors,and environmental psychological factors,etc.The purpose of classification is to facilitate induction and clinical research.In terms of treatment,the main methods include targeted therapy,expectant therapy,immunotherapy,assisted reproductive technology,and traditional Chinese medicine treatment.This article mainly summarizes the pathogenesis and treatment methods of recurrent spontaneous abortion from the above aspects,based on the latest relevant research and guidelines.Provide reference for clinical doctors to better manage recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Abstract:Depression,being one of the most common mental disorders,is a serious threat to human health due to its high incidence,recurrence rate,and disability rate.Compared with traditional Western medications,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)possesses numerous prominent advantages in treating depression,such as multi-target effects,stable efficacy,and limited adverse reactions.By virtue of refined herbal medicines and strict compatibility,classic prescriptions exhibit unique effectiveness in treating mental diseases.Especially,the prescriptions,represented by Gan Mai Da Zao Tang and Chai Hu Jia Long Gu Mu Li Tang,have been utilized to treat mental and emotional diseases since ancient times.Through searching related literature concerning the treatment of depression by classical prescriptions in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Database in recent 30 years,a total of 515 pieces of clinical research literature and 169 cases,this paper selects 11 prescriptions with a larger number of literature and greater relevance for statistical analysis.In this regard,based on the TCM's pattern differentiation characterized by"herbs,prescriptions,and syndrome",this research investigates the law of medication patterns as well as primary therapeutic effects of various prescriptions from a perspective of associated prescriptions.Specifically,in terms of cases with depression characterized by symptoms of sadness and apathy,typically categorized as heart-lung yin deficiency,associated prescriptions based on Baihe class formulas can be employed to nourish yin while calming their spirit.Regarding cases where depression is accompanied by chest discomfort or gastrointestinal symptoms with liver qi stagnation,Chahu class formulas can be leveraged to promote yang,dissipate depression,harmonize the liver,and regulate qi.Additionally,Zhizi class formulas can be utilized to clear away heat and alleviate annoyance for patients with primary symptoms such as restlessness and agitation due to heat stagnation in the chest.Moreover,Ganmai Dazan Decotion is generally used for women with visceral agitation,while Suanzao Ren Decotion is primarily employed to treat depression complicated with insomnia,with Banxia Houpo Decotion being effective for treating globus hysteriocus.Simply put,this research aims to inherit and carry forward classic prescriptions more effectively by digging their advantages in the treatment of depression,thereby furnishing valuable insights for clinical practice and further academic research.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of Erchen Decoction and Shenling Baizhu Powder on intestinal flora of obese type 2 diabetes rats,and explore the scientific connotation of"treating the same disease differently".Methods 5-week-old male ZDF rats were randomly divided into a model group,a Erchen Decoction group,and a Shenling Baizhu Powder group,with the same litter lean type as the control group.The Erchen Decoction group and the Shenling Baizhu Powder group were given daily gavage interventions of 4.58 g/kg and 24 g/kg corresponding formulas,respectively.The remaining groups were given equal amounts of ultrapure water for a total of 4 weeks.Perform 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis on the contents of the cecum in rats.Results Erchen Decoction and Shenling Baizhu Powder can jointly increase the bacteria genera including Lactobacillus,Blautia and Dorea.The difference in their regulation is that Erchen Decoction can reduce the abundance of 7 bacteria genera including Holdemania,Ruminococcus and Atopostipes,and increase the abundance of 20 bacteria genera including Blautia,Clostridium and Lactobacillus,while Shenling Baizhu Powder can reduce the abundance of 7 bacteria genera including Allobaculum,Eubacterium and Coprococcus to improve the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism and delay the occurrence of obesity type 2 diabetes development.Their functional enrichment displays obvious similarities and differences.Conclusion Erchen Decoction and Shenling Baizhu Powder can improve obesity type 2 diabetes by regulating the intestinal flora of ZDF rats.The difference in biological targets reflects the difference in the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine between the two prescriptions,which makes a preliminary exploration of the biological basis of the traditional Chinese medicine theory of"treating the same disease differently".

Abstract:Traditional Chinese medicine aromatherapy is a unique traditional natural therapy.In the long history of the development of traditional Chinese medicine,this therapy has evolved with the development of ancient and modern formulas and therapies,forming its own unique theoretical system.Traditional Chinese medicine aromatherapy mainly uses the volatile aroma of traditional Chinese medicine to act on the human body.According to the theory of internal disease and external treatment in traditional Chinese medicine,volatile gases enter the pores through respiration,skin,and other channels,and directly reach the organs through meridians,playing a role in adjusting the balance of Yin and Yang in the body,supplementing positive Qi,and resisting external pathogens.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine aromatherapy has been applied to the treatment of breast diseases.The efficacy of aromatherapy can regulate the spirit and improve the anxiety and depression of breast cancer.Aromatic invigorating spleen effect can improve the function of spleen and stomach,and inhibit nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy for breast cancer.The pungent fragrance can promote the circulation of qi and blood,making it suitable for the treatment of breast hyperplasia diseases.A deep understanding of aromatic traditional Chinese medicine and expanding our thinking from the perspective of aromatic traditional Chinese medicine can provide certain reference and guidance for the treatment of breast diseases with traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract:Intrauterine adhesions(IUA)is a common and serious disease that affects female reproductive function in the field of gynecology.Thanks to the rapid development of hysteroscopy diagnosis and treatment technology,the diagnostic accuracy of this disease has been significantly improved.At present,hysteroscopic adhesiolysis has become the preferred clinical treatment for intrauterine adhesions,but its high postoperative recurrence rate remains a major challenge,and the postoperative pregnancy rate and outcome of women of childbearing age are also not optimistic.It is worth noting that in recent years,traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated unique therapeutic advantages.By integrating recent clinical research data,this study focuses on exploring the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting endometrial repair,improving uterine artery blood flow,and increasing pregnancy rate after intrauterine adhesions release surgery.

Abstract:Chronic diseases are a common type of disease in clinical practice,characterized by insidious development,complex pathogenesis,poor patient prognosis,and difficult clinical treatment.The synergistic treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has significant advantages in improving the quality of life and clinical efficacy of patients with chronic diseases.With the continuous progress of society and the increasing awareness of health among the people,the collaborative treatment of chronic diseases with traditional Chinese and Western medicine is the main direction of health service development today.This article systematically summarizes the characteristics of chronic diseases,which are characterized by weakness,persistence,and complexity,through literature review.The core pathogenesis of chronic diseases is the lack of vitality in the meridians,obstruction of phlegm and blood stasis in the meridians,and prolonged deficiency and blood stasis in the meridians.At the same time,a scientific approach and method of combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine for comprehensive and full cycle prevention and treatment of chronic diseases are proposed,aiming to provide a more comprehensive and scientific reference for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.

Abstract:Postmenopausal osteoporosis refers to a systemic and metabolic bone disease caused by a decrease in estrogen levels in postmenopausal women.The main clinical manifestations are damage to the microstructure of bone tissue,decreased bone mass,and increased risk of bone fragility.Based on the physiological characteristics of middle-aged and elderly women and the theory of visceral syndrome differentiation,this study explores the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.It is believed that kidney essence deficiency is the fundamental cause of the disease,spleen and stomach deficiency is an important cause,liver blood deficiency and lack of drainage are key factors,and heart,lung,and gallbladder dysfunction are secondary factors.Therefore,treatment should start with nourishing the liver and kidneys,warming the spleen and kidneys,nourishing the kidney and promoting blood circulation,nourishing the spleen and stomach,regulating the heart,lungs,and gallbladder organs to improve clinical efficacy,alleviate the pain of middle-aged and elderly female patients,and enhance their quality of life.

Abstract:Respiratory diseases are the leading cause of death in China,and their incidence rate and mortality are increasing year by year.The combination therapy of traditional Chinese medicine has its unique advantages.Studies have shown that the combination of ephedra and almonds is widely used as a common combination of cough and asthma relief drugs in the clinical treatment of respiratory diseases,such as asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,cough,etc.Ephedra sinica and almond medicine mainly exert their effects by reducing the expression of inflammatory factors,relaxing airway smooth muscle,alleviating airway hyperresponsiveness,inhibiting airway remodeling,regulating the conduction of multiple pathways and the expression of related proteins.By summarizing the mechanism of action and clinical application of ephedra almond medicine,we hope to provide inspiration for the current research and clinical application of ephedra almond medicine,and also provide sufficient basis for the"same treatment for different diseases"in traditional Chinese medicine theory.

Abstract:The Fengfu point belongs to the Du vein,is the intersection point of the Du vein and Yangwei vein,with the effect of dispersing wind and clearing the passage,is one of the commonly used acupoints in clinical treatment of nervous system diseases.In ancient medical books,the stroke Fu point is located at"one inch into the hairline",the acupuncture depth is between three minutes and one inch,equivalent to the modern 0.92～1.47 cm,but there are few literatures on the acupuncture Angle of Fengfu point acupuncture techniques.The modern anatomy of Fengfu Point is further defined,and the specific anatomical level is given,and the maximum acupuncture depth of Fengfu point is 40.08 mm.In clinical studies,it was found that acupuncture tools,gender,obesity degree,and neck circumference all affected the safe depth of acupuncture at Fengfu point,and it was also concluded that the occurrence of"numbness inductance of limbs"during acupuncture at Fengfu point was its unique risk sign.In clinical practice,doctors have also obtained different acupuncture angles and depths when acupuncturing Fengfu point to treat different nervous system diseases.For example,in the treatment of dysphagia,the tip of the needle is oriented towards the jaw,the tip of the tongue,and the Adam's apple.The acupuncture depth of the millimeter needle is 10～26 mm,and the acupuncture depth of the awn needle is 45～75 mm.In the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy,the needle tip is directed towards Yintang point or straight acupuncture,and the acupuncture depth is 15～20 mm;In the treatment of mental diseases,the needle tip is directed towards the nose tip,ear lobe,jaw or Adam's apple,and the acupuncture depth is 15～25 mm;When treating headache,the fire needle is pierced for 5 mm;In the treatment of dementia,the tip of the needle is toward the mandible and the tip of the nose,and the depth of the needle is 5～33 mm.In the treatment of cerebral infarction,the tip of the needle is oriented towards the Yintang and the mandible.In the treatment of vertigo,the direct acupuncture depth is 5～10 mm,and the penetrating depth is about 25 mm.According to the medical accident,the clinicians also obtained the symptoms of the dangerous depth of acupuncture Fengfu,such as:inductance of limbs,delirium,headache,vomiting,screaming,breathing,or cardiac arrest.Therefore,this paper systematically collates the origin,location,acupoint anatomy,safe acupuncture depth and specific acupuncture methods for the treatment of nervous system diseases,providing reference for the clinical use of Fengfu point for the treatment of nervous system diseases.

Abstract:The sage Zhu Danxi proposed that"there are ten or twelve diseases of qi that are cold",and thus established the theory of"excess qi is fire"to guide clinical practice.His"theory of fire"has also been widely accepted by medical practitioners throughout history.Yang Qi,the Qi of the Six Obstructive Elements,Qi Mechanism,and the excess Qi of the Five Organs and Six Organs can all generate pathological fire.Clinically,symptoms such as dry mouth,dry throat,tinnitus,hunger relief,and constipation are common.Therefore,the principle of"excess Qi is fire"should be used as the diagnostic criteria,and methods of reducing Qi and purging fire should be applied.However,in clinical practice,it is not advisable to simply clear heat and reduce fire.It is necessary to carefully identify the pathogenesis and"eliminate excess heat"in a targeted manner,especially to prevent the harm of bitter cold and stomach deficiency.Based on reverse thinking,the theory of"insufficient qi is cold"can be derived.Qi is the foundation of all things,and when Qi deficiency is lost in warmth,Yin cold arises while taking advantage of deficiency.The deficiency of Wei Qi,Zhong Qi,Yuan Qi,and the Qi of the five organs and six viscera can all cause the decline of Yuan Yang and produce cold symptoms.Clinically,common symptoms include chills,loose stools,and cold limbs.By examining classic medical texts and literature records,the theoretical connotation and clinical application points of this theory can be systematically explained.If the cold phenomenon is observed,it must be attributed to the deficiency of qi,or if qi deficiency is encountered,caution should be taken when administering warm medicine.

Abstract:Meniere's disease(MD)is a common chronic condition in otolaryngology,characterized by endolymphatic hydrops(EH)as the main pathological feature,and has a certain degree of disability and heritability.Due to the complex causes of its onset and the fact that the exact pathogenesis of the disease has not been fully elucidated,there is still no consensus on an effective method to completely cure the disease.At present,modern medicine mainly controls clinical symptoms and reduces the frequency of attacks through surgical procedures,tympanic injections,oral medication,and other methods.With the rapid development of China's pharmaceutical industry,traditional Chinese medicine therapies such as acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine have also shown good clinical efficacy in treating MD.In order to comprehensively understand the latest research trends and existing treatment methods of MD,this article reviews relevant literature,sorts out existing research results,and refers to authoritative guidelines.It summarizes the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,and treatment methods of MD from both traditional Chinese and Western medicine,aiming to provide valuable insights and references for experimental research and clinical treatment of MD.

Abstract:Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism by which Huangqi(Astragali Radix)and Yinyanghuo(Epimedii Wushanensis Folium)treat hypothyroidism using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods Active ingredients of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)and Yinyanghuo(Epimedii Wushanensis Folium)were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database(TCMSP),and their corresponding targets were predicted using the PharmMapper database.Disease targets related to hypothyroidism were identified through databases including PharmGKB,GeneCards,DrugBank,and the Therapeutic Target Database.Intersection targets between the drugs and the disease were identified using R language.Protein-protein interaction networks(PPI)were constructed using the STRING database,and core targets were identified using R language and Cytoscape software.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were conducted using R and OrgDb package in R Studio.A"drug-component-target-pathway"network relationship diagram was visualized using Cytoscape software.Results 10 core components of the drug were obtained,including quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,betulinic acid,etc.Protein interaction network analysis obtained AKT1,IL-6,TNF,IL-1β,TP53 and other 16 key targets of Astragalus-Epimedium and hypothyroidism.GO enrichment is mainly due to processes such as cell apoptosis,proliferation,and response to oxidative stress that occur on the outside of the plasma membrane,the vesicle cavity,and other components.KEGG enrichment mainly includes the top 30 signaling pathways such as lipid and atherosclerosis pathways,AGE/RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications,and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Three key nodes of quercetin,AKT1,lipid and atherosclerosis pathways were obtained through the drug-component-target-pathway network.Conclusion Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Yinyanghuo(Epimedii Wushanensis Folium)may alleviate hypothyroidism through synergistic effects of multiple components acting on diverse targets and pathways.Specifically,the quercetin-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway emerges as a potential key pathway mediating their therapeutic effects.

Abstract:Psychosomatic diseases are classified as depressive diseases in traditional Chinese medicine,and their incidence is increasing year by year.Because of its characteristics of easy recurrence and difficult to cure,it has become a difficult problem faced by the medical community,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.In view of the current situation of"mixed disease and depression"but"serious illness and light depression"in clinical practice,the first national famous traditional Chinese medicine professor WANG Huiwu,on the basis of in-depth study of the core concept of Inner Canon of Huangdi,innovated the academic thought of"depression is heart disease"and"depression is the essence of heart disease after a long illness",believing that"depression"should not be limited to the liver,but the essence of the disease of the mind,and people who have been ill for a long time often have"depression".The treatment of depression must smooth the mind,summed up the drug experience represented by"three Huang and one Gui,the best of Tongxin",combined with ultra-drug therapy,for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of difficult and long-standing diseases to provide a new guiding ideology and treatment strategy.

Abstract:Exercise-induced fatigue is a self-protective response of the human body following substantial physical exertion,which impacts both physiological functions and cognitive judgment.In high-load military training scenarios,soldiers are particularly susceptible to fatigue,adversely affecting military combat effectiveness.This article synthesizes relevant research on exercise fatigue conducted over the past 20 years,both domestically and internationally.It identifies that the mechanisms underlying fatigue primarily revolve around two core components:energy metabolism and oxidative stress.Additionally,various theories regarding energy supply and stress in the context of acupuncture are examined.Given the widespread use of"structural acupuncture"in addressing military training-related ailments,this article illustrates the effects of acupuncture therapy by delineating the phases before and after exercise.It demonstrates that acupuncture can delay the onset of fatigue and enhance recovery,concluding that its intervention in exercise-induced fatigue possesses comprehensive,multifunctional characteristics.This exploration aims to foster new ideas for both clinical applications and fundamental research.

Abstract:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in premature infants,with an increasing incidence.However,its pathogenesis and effective prevention and treatment measures still require further research.Immature lung development,inflammatory injury,and abnormal repair after injury are key links in the occurrence and development of BPD.Recent studies have shown that inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of BPD,involving interactions among various cytokines,signaling pathways,and microbial communities.This article reviews the definition and pathogenesis of BPD,related inflammatory responses,and anti-inflammatory treatment from three aspects.The inflammatory mechanisms of BPD are complex and diverse,mainly including:infection-activated inflammatory response,mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury exacerbating local inflammation,oxidative stress triggered by hyperoxia exposure promoting inflammatory cascade,microecological imbalance affecting immune regulation through the"gut-lung axis",and genetic factors.In terms of treatment strategies,anti-inflammatory intervention has become a research hotspot,with glucocorticoids,macrolide antibiotics,traditional Chinese medicine,probiotics,optimized mechanical ventilation modes and stem cell therapy providing new ideas for the treatment of BPD.Systematically reviewing the pathogenesis and treatment progress of BPD-related inflammatory responses aims to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of lung diseases.

Abstract:The traditional Chinese medicine meridian external treatment method is based on the theory of channels and collaterals in traditional Chinese medicine,and diagnoses diseases through theories related to meridians and viscera.It is based on the principle of unblocking meridians and applies various styles of traditional Chinese medicine external treatment methods,for instance acupuncture,acupoint embedding,acupoint injection,acupoint application,moxibustion,acupoint massage,tuina,cupping,and so on,to stimulate the meridians and corresponding acupoints on the body surface,regulate the physiological functions of diseased organs,and achieve the goal of controlling and treating diseases.Asthma is one of the common respiratory diseases.This essay summarizes and debates the clinical application of External treatment of channels and collaterals in treating asthma.In recent years,the development situation of clinical and experimental research on the treatment of asthma by external meridians of traditional Chinese medicine was concluded to provide evidence for the clinical research on asthma in the future.

Abstract:Objective To observe the impact of the"nourishing earth to generate metal"acupuncture technique on lung function in patients with tracheotomy after stroke.Methods Sixty patients with stroke undergoing tracheotomy admitted to the rehabilitation department of our hospital from March 2024 to March 2025 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 30 patients in each group.Both groups received the same basic treatment,including treatment for the primary disease and underlying conditions(such as anti-inflammatory therapy,expectorant therapy,cough suppressant and antiasthmatic therapy,nutritional support,blood pressure and blood glucose regulation,maintenance of water-electrolyte balance,airway management,and body position management).The control group received respiratory rehabilitation training on top of the basic treatment,while the observation group received additional"nourishing earth to generate metal"acupuncture therapy on top of the control group's treatment regimen.The clinical treatment effect was evaluated by comparing the changes in cough reflex grading scale scores,daily average sputum excretion volume,blood gas analysis indicators,and hemoglobin levels before and after 4 weeks of treatment in both groups,and calculating the effective rate of extubation.Results Compared with before treatment,the cough reflex grading scale scores of both groups showed a downward trend after 4 weeks of treatment,and the scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.01).At the 2nd week of treatment,the daily average sputum excretion volume in both groups increased compared with before treatment,and the sputum excretion volume in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01).By the 4th week of treatment,the sputum excretion volume in both groups decreased compared with before treatment,and the decrease was more pronounced in the observation group(P<0.01).After 4 weeks of intervention,the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index in both groups improved compared with before treatment,and the improvement in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group(P<0.01).Meanwhile,the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide in both groups decreased compared with before treatment,and the decrease was more significant in the observation group(P<0.01).In addition,the serum hemoglobin levels in both groups increased after 4 weeks of treatment compared with before treatment,and the increase in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group(P<0.01).Finally,the effective rate of extubation in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The"nourishing earth to generate metal"acupuncture technique combined with respiratory rehabilitation training can effectively enhance the cough reflex ability of patients with tracheotomy after stroke,improve lung ventilation and gas exchange function,optimize nutritional status,and increase the success rate of extubation.

Abstract:Objective To elucidate the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of the active components contained in the herb pair of Poria cum Radix Pini(Fuling)and Coicis Semen(Yiyiren),as well as their interactions with gene targets and pathways related to hyperuricemia,this study utilized network pharmacology and big data mining techniques to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and potential pharmacological mechanisms of the Fuling(Poria)-Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)herb pair in treating hyperuricemia.Methods The active components and their corresponding targets of Poria cum Radix Pini(Fuling)and Coicis Semen(Yiyiren)were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).Disease-related targets of hyperuricemia were screened using the GeneCards,CTD,and OMIM databases.Common targets between the herb pair and the disease were identified.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the STRING database to screen core targets,and a"herb-component-target"network diagram was plotted.Gene ontology(GO)functional annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses of the common targets were performed using the DAVID database.Finally,molecular docking validation of the core targets and major active components was conducted using AutoDock software.Results A total of 12 active components of the Fuling(Poria)-Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)herb pair and 132 common targets with the disease were identified.Among them,five core targets serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(AKT1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),interleukin-6(IL-6),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARG),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)were identified as potential key targets for the treatment of hyperuricemia.GO biological processes primarily included the regulation of steroid and lipid metabolism,as well as ligand-activated transcription factor activity.KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt)signaling pathway,insulin resistance,lipid and atherosclerosis,metabolism,and cancer-related pathways may be associated with its mechanism of action.The major active components exhibited strong binding affinity with the core targets.Conclusion The Fuling(Poria)-Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)herb pair may exert its uric acid-lowering effects by acting on targets such as AKT1,TNF,IL-6,PPARG,and EGFR through active components such as cerevisterol,trametenolic acid,and hederagenin,thereby regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,insulin resistance,lipid and atherosclerosis,cancer,and metabolism-related pathways.

Abstract:Objective To explore the mechanism of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)in the treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF)based on network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.Methods This study is based on network pharmacology and molecular docking methods,using a traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform to screen the active ingredients and their targets of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix).At the same time,CHF related targets were obtained through the GeneCards database.After taking the intersection of drug targets and disease targets,a"drug active ingredient target"interaction network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape software.Further utilize the Metascape database for gene ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.Use AutoDock Vina software to perform molecular docking validation between key active ingredients and core targets to evaluate their binding ability.Results A total of 21 active ingredients and 224 intersecting targets related to CHF were screened from Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)drugs.The main active ingredients include 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavones,luteolin,and quercetin.Through protein interaction network analysis,key targets such as myeloid leukemia sequence 1,protein kinase B,heat shock protein 90 alpha family member A,transcription factor AP-1,estrogen receptor 1,cyclin D1,B-cell lymphoma 1,myeloid tumor virus oncogene,caspase 3,and FBJ mouse osteosarcoma virus oncogene were identified.GO enrichment analysis showed that these targets are mainly involved in biological processes such as response to oxygen concentration,response to decreased oxygen levels,and response to steroid hormones.KEGG pathway analysis showed that related signaling pathways mainly included cancer pathway,chemical carcinogenesis receptor activation,lipid and atherosclerosis,prostate cancer,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase protein kinase B signaling pathway,fluid shear force and atherosclerosis,human cytomegalovirus infection,hepatitis B,endocrine resistance,and the late glycation end products receptor signaling pathway of diabetes complications.The molecular docking results showed that the binding energy between quercetin and myeloid leukemia sequence 1 was the lowest(-8.6 kcal/mol),indicating that the two have the best affinity;The docking score of protein kinase B with 7-methoxy-2-methylisoflavone,quercetin,and luteolin was 0,indicating the existence of potential interactions.Conclusion Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix)medicine mainly uses 7-methoxy-2-methylisoflavone,luteolin,and quercetin as the main active ingredients to treat chronic heart failure through multiple pathways and targets,providing more reliable theoretical basis for clinical research.