Abstract:Objective To explore the application value of real-time navigation puncture technique in neuroendoscop-ic surgery for hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage.Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage who underwent neuroendoscopic surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery,Wuhan Brain Hospital from May 2021 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,42 patients were assisted with real-time navigation puncture technique during neuroendoscopic surgery(navigation group),while 44 patients did not receive navigation assistance(control group).Results The navigation group had a significantly longer anesthesia time(P<0.05),but showed significantly higher hematoma evacuation rates on postoperative days 1 and 5(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in total operative time between the two groups(P>0.05).The navigation group demonstrated significantly lower incidences of postoperative rebleed-ing,in-hospital pulmonary infection,and postoperative tracheostomy(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the rate of reoperation between the two groups(P>0.05).During the 6-month postoperative follow-up,the navigation group exhibited a significantly higher rate of favorable prognosis(P<0.05).Conclusion Establishing the neuroendoscopic working channel under real-time navigation guidance provides reliable assurance for hematoma evacuation in hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage and enhances surgical benefits.Compared with conventional neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation,the real-time navigation puncture technique improves overall surgical efficiency,shortens postoperative recovery time,reduces postoperative complications,and contributes to better patient prognosis.

Abstract:Chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH)is a common neurosurgical disease that can lead to symptoms such as headache,impaired consciousness,and neurological deficits,and may be life-threatening in severe cases.Symptomatic CSDH is typically treated with burr hole drainage.Postoperative hemorrhage and hematoma recurrence remain major complications.Antiplatelet drugs play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,effectively reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.Therefore,for CSDH patients on long-term antiplatelet medication,the optimal timing for restarting antiplatelet therapy after burr hole drainage remains controversial.Restarting an-tiplatelet therapy too early may increase the risk of postoperative bleeding and hematoma recurrence,while delaying its restart may elevate the risk of thrombosis,leading to thromboembolic events.Thus,a reasonable assessment of the timing for restarting antiplatelet therapy is crucial for improving the prognosis of CSDH patients.This article reviews the research progress on restart-ing antiplatelet therapy after burr hole drainage for CSDH.

Abstract:Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)is a significant factor affecting the long-term prognosis of patients,and its underlying mechanisms require in-depth elucidation.The glymphatic system,a recently discovered brain fluid circulation pathway,plays a crucial role in clearing metabolic waste from the brain.Research on this system offers a new perspective for un-derstanding PSCI.This review systematically summarizes recent research progress on PSCI and the glymphatic system,focusing on three major stroke types:ischemic stroke,intracerebral hemorrhage,and subarachnoid hemorrhage.By integrating clinical and basic evidence,it elaborates on the role of the glymphatic system in PSCI and proposes a unified pathological model centered on impaired glymphatic clearance:although the initial pathological events differ among ischemic stroke,spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage,and subarachnoid hemorrhage,all can lead to the loss of perivascular aquaporin-4(AQP4)polarity,triggering glym-phatic system dysfunction.This results in impaired clearance of metabolic waste and toxic products,amplified neuroinflammation,and ultimately converges into a common pathway of cognitive impairment.This provides a theoretical basis and direction for de-veloping novel prevention and treatment strategies for post-stroke cognitive impairment in the future.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of ultraearly keyhole surgery for expansile hyperten-sive basal ganglia hematoma.Methods The clinical data of 69 patients with expansile hypertensive basal ganglia hematoma treated by keyhole surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery,Linfen People's Hospital between July 2022 and June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent microscopic surgery via a pterional keyhole transsylviantransinsular approach within 6 h after onset.Results The operative time ranged from 65 to 150 min(mean,106±18 min).Postoperative cranial CT on the first day showed hematoma evacuation>90%in 51 cases,80%～90%in 13 cases,and 70%～80%in 5 cases,with an aver-age evacuation rate of(91.3 ± 5.5)%.The GCS score at 3 days postoperatively[(13.7 ± 0.9)points]was significantly higher than that before surgery[(10.0 ± 2.4)points;P <0.01].Postoperative complications included intracranial rebleeding in 1 case,pul-monary infection in 9 cases,intracranial infection in 2 cases,and gastrointestinal bleeding in 1 case.At 6 months after surgery,the GOS score was 5 in 37 cases,4 in 25 cases,and 3 in 7 cases;the rate of favorable prognosis(GOS score 4～5)was 89.9%.Conclusion For expansile hypertensive basal ganglia hematoma,ultraearly microscopic surgery via a pterional keyhole trans-sylviantransinsular approach is safe,straightforward,efficient,and minimally invasive,achieving a high hematoma evacuation rate and significantly improving patient prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the feasibility,safety,and preliminary efficacy of 3D-printed guide-assisted punc-ture and drainage for patients with massive(>10 mL)brainstem hemorrhage.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 10 patients with massive brainstem hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Shanxi Bethune Hospital,between December 2018 and May 2022.All 10 patients underwent hematoma puncture and drainage assisted by a 3D-print-ed guide.Results The hematoma volume in the 10 cases ranged from 10 to 24 mL[(17.7±4.4)mL].The 3D-printed guides showed satisfactory adherence to the scalp in all cases,and the surgeries were successfully completed.The operation time(from skin incision to suture closure)ranged from 40 minutes to 1 hour.Follow-up CT scans within 24～48 hours postoperatively showed a hematoma clearance rate of≥80%.There were no postoperative complications such as new-onset bleeding,intracranial infection,or neuro-logical deficits.Postoperative CT images were fused with preoperative planning images to assess the coincidence of the catheter tip with the planned target.The results showed that the error between the drainage catheter tip and the preset target was less than 2 mm.Trajectory analysis indicated that the maximum axial deviation of the drainage catheter trajectory from the planned path was less than 2 mm,and the deviation angle was less than 2°.The puncture trajectory followed the planned path through the middle or supe-rior cerebellar peduncle,avoided the ventricles and cerebellar midline nuclei,and did not cause puncture-related bleeding in venous sinuses or the cortex.During the 6-month postoperative follow-up,the Glasgow Coma Scale score[(7.50±4.01)]showed significant improvement compared to the preoperative score[(4.60±1.58)](P=0.010).Modified Rankin Scale scores were 2 in 2 cases and 5 in 8 cases.Conclusion 3D-printed guide-assisted puncture and drainage for massive brainstem hemorrhage is characterized by mini-mal invasiveness,short operation time,and high accuracy,yielding satisfactory therapeutic outcomes.

Abstract:Objective To perform multimodal imaging-based digital three-dimensional reconstruction of a hyperten-sive basal ganglia hematoma model and its adjacent anatomical structures,and to simulate the process of neuroendoscopic hema-toma evacuation using virtual simulation technology based on the three-dimensional visual model.This aims to provide a novel approach for learning neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation,enhancing the understanding of the relevant anatomical structures of hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage and the procedural workflow of neuroendoscopic hematoma removal.Methods Imag-ing data from a patient with hypertensive left basal ganglia hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,The Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province,were collected.Using the post-processing capabilities of the open-source 3D Slicer software,structures including the hematoma,arterial system,venous system,skull,brain tissue,and skin were reconstructed sequentially.Virtual simulation technology was employed to simulate the neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation procedure.Results The hematoma model and its adjacent anatomical structures were successfully reconstructed.By adjusting color and transparency combinations of the models,the relevant structures were effectively displayed.Virtual simulation of the surgical procedure was performed,dynamically demonstrating the puncture process of a virtual hematoma puncture needle,illustrating the sequential pas-sage of the virtual neuroendoscopic working channel through anatomical structures and their spatial relationships,and simulating hematoma evacuation.Conclusion The open-source 3D Slicer software can be utilized to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage.Combined with virtual simulation technology,it can visually demonstrate the process of neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation,including real-time display of the puncture position,angle,depth,and optimal trajectory of the virtual working channel.This provides a novel and effective tool for learning neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy of the continuous suturing with intermittent knot-tying technique in end-to-end anastomosis of the mouse abdominal aorta and to provide an effective training method for neurosurgeons in perform-ing end-to-end vascular anastomosis using this technique.Methods Twenty-four adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table,with 12 mice in each group.End-to-end anastomosis of the abdominal aorta was performed in both groups.The control group received traditional interrupted suturing,while the observation group underwent continuous suturing with intermittent knot-tying.Results The diameter of the mouse abdominal aorta ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 mm(mean,0.66±0.07 mm).All 24 mice successfully underwent end-to-end anastomosis of the abdominal aorta.The suturing time in the observation group[(8.67±0.89)min]was significantly shorter than that[(13.17±1.11)min]in the control group(t=10.940,P<0.001).Both the immediate and 30-minute postoperative patency rates were 100%in both groups.No accidental suturing of the posterior vessel wall occurred during the procedure.No additional sutures were required after blood flow restoration.The anastomotic sites in both groups exhibited good morphology,with no local thrombosis or aneurysm formation.Conclusion The continuous suturing with intermittent knot-tying technique is an effective and fea-sible method for end-to-end anastomosis of the mouse abdominal aorta and serves as a valuable training approach for vascular anastomosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of robotic-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage for pri-mary brainstem hemorrhage.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of six patients with primary brainstem hemorrhage treated with robotic-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage in the Second Department of Neurosurgery at Handan Central Hospital from September 1,2023,to December 31,2023.Results The GCS scores on admission ranged from 3 to 8(mean,5.0±1.8).The hematoma volume ranged from 7.8 to 15.0 mL(mean,10.2±2.7 mL).All hemorrhages were located in the pons,including four transverse hemorrhages and two unilateral hemorrhages.The robotic registration error ranged from 0.48 to 1.2 mm(mean,0.69±0.29 mm).No puncture tract hemorrhage occurred postoperatively.Dynamic head CT scans were performed postoperatively.One patient experienced rebleeding at 48 hours postoperatively,did not respond to resuscitation and died.Com-plete hematoma resolution was observed in one patient at 2 days,one at 3 days,one at 4 days,one at 8 days,and one at 12 days postoperatively.Within the first postoperative month,complications included one case of intracranial infection,one case of severe pneumonia,two cases of stress ulcer,and one case of refractory hyponatremia.One patient required postoperative ventilatory sup-port.At the 90-day follow-up,two patients(33.3%)had died.Among the four survivors,the GOS scores were 5 in two patients(33.3%),3 in one patient,and 2 in one patient.Conclusion Robotic-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage demonstrates definite clinical efficacy in the treatment of primary brainstem hemorrhage,offering advantages such as precision,safety,minimal collateral damage,and rapid effective hematoma evacuation.

Abstract:With the innovation of medical imaging equipment(such as CT,MRI,DSA,PET-CT,etc.)and the realiza-tion of digital imaging technology,conditions and possibilities have been created for medical image fusion.Currently,hospitals at or above the county level in China are equipped with these digital imaging devices,providing the foundation for conducting mu ltimodal image fusion.However,in most hospitals and specialized disciplines,especially in tertiary Grade A hospitals,this new technology—which aids in improving diagnostic accuracy—has not yet been widely adopted.The reasons for this are two-fold:first,there is a perception issue,where it is believed that single imaging modalities such as CT,MRI,or DSA are sufficient for clear diagnosis,and due to busy workloads,there is reluctance to invest additional time in further work;second,when pur-chasing DSA machines(or due to budget constraints),postprocessing workstations and corresponding multimodal image fusion software were not acquired.As a result,most hospitals and specialties have not implemented this diagnostic technology that benefits patients.With the development of multimodal medical image fusion technology,new medical terms and concepts related to it have emerged.To facilitate academic exchange,paper writing,and monograph compilation,we have studied and collected relevant materials for reference.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical value of a ventricular intracranial pressure(ICP)monitoring device in neuroendoscopic surgery for hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage.Methods The clinical data of 94 patients with hyper-tensive basal ganglia hemorrhage who underwent neuroendoscopic surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery,Xiangcheng People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.During surgery,a ventricular ICP monitor-ing device was placed into the hematoma cavity for ICP monitoring.Results Clear bleeding points were identified within the hematoma cavity in 74 cases,while no bleeding point was found in 20 cases.The average indwelling time of the ventricular ICP monitoring device was 9 days.ICP was<20 mmHg in 80 cases,20～25 mmHg in 10 cases,and≥25 mmHg in 4 cases.Early functional rehabilitation exercises were initiated one week after surgery.Postoperative complications included 8 cases of surgi-cal site oozing,2 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding,16 cases of pulmonary infection,and 8 cases of urinary tract infection.At 6 months postoperatively,Activities of Daily Living(ADL)grading was as follows:GradeⅠin 6 cases,Grade Ⅱ in 70 cases,Grade Ⅲ in 12 cases,Grade Ⅳ in 4 cases,and Grade Ⅴ in 2 cases.A favorable outcome(ADL Grades Ⅰ～Ⅲ)was achieved in 88 cases(93.6%).Conclusion Placement of a ventricular ICP monitoring device in the hematoma cavity during neuroendo-scopic surgery for hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage not only minimizes surgical trauma and achieves satisfactory hemosta-sis but also enables timely monitoring of ICP changes and drainage of surgical site oozing.This approach helps reduce postoper-ative complications and effectively avoids the need for repeat craniotomy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of FOXO4-DRI on Hemin-induced HT22 cell injury and its poten-tial mechanism.Methods HT22 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with 100 μmol/L Hemin to induce cell injury.The cells were then intervened with low,medium,and high doses(1,5,10 μmol/L)of FOXO4-DRI.Cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay.Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in HT22 cells were measured using the H2DCFDA probe.Glutathione(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were assessed by biochemical analysis.The protein expression of NRF2 and HO-1 was detected by Western blot.Results FOXO4-DRI alone at low,medium,and high doses had no significant ef-fect on HT22 cell viability(P>0.05).Hemin significantly decreased HT22 cell viability,markedly increased intracellular ROS and MDA levels,significantly reduced GSH levels,and significantly downregulated the expression levels of NRF2 and HO-1(P<0.05).FOXO4-DRI significantly antagonized the damaging effects on HT22 cells in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusion FOXO4-DRI alleviates Hemin-induced HT22 cell injury by activating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy of stereotactic puncture and drainage for primary brainstem hem-orrhage and the factors influencing prognosis.Methods The clinical data of 95 patients with primary brainstem hemorrhage admitted to Zhengzhou Central Hospital from January 2015 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,55 patients were treated with stereotactic puncture and drainage(surgical group),and 40 patients received conservative treatment(conservative group).Patients were followed up for 6 months after discharge,and prognosis was assessed using the GOS score.Considering the particularity of brainstem hemorrhage,a GOS score of 1～2 was defined as a poor prognosis,and 3～5 as a favorable prognosis.Results At the 6-month follow-up after discharge,the conservative group had 18 cases with GOS 1,20 with GOS 2,1 with GOS 3,1 with GOS 4,resulting in 2 cases with favorable prognosis.The surgical group had 5 cases with GOS 1,28 with GOS 2,20 with GOS 3,2 with GOS 4,resulting in 22 cases with favorable prognosis.Compared with the conservative group,the surgical group showed a significantly lower mortality rate(9.1%vs.45.0%,P<0.001)and a significantly higher rate of favorable prog-nosis(40.0%vs.5.0%,P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a higher preoperative GCS score was associated with a better surgical prognosis,and patients with laterally-oriented hematomas also had a better surgical outcome.Conclusion Stereotactic puncture and drainage for evacuation of brainstem hematoma is an effective minimally invasive meth-od,demonstrating positive effects in reducing patient mortality and improving neurological function.Patients with laterally-orient-ed hemorrhages and those with higher preoperative GCS scores tend to have a better prognosis after surgical treatment.

Abstract:Patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus(iNPH)often experience neuropsychological impairments,among which apathy--characterized by a persistent decline in motivation and goal-directed behavior--is the most prominent.Its incidence is significantly higher than that of other psychiatric symptoms.This article reviews the research prog-ress on the neurobiological mechanisms of iNPH-related apathy,revealing that its etiology primarily involves the following four pathological cascades:reduced cerebral perfusion leads to hypoperfusion in the prefrontal-basal ganglia-thalamic circuit,triggering neurovascular unit damage and dysfunction of the reward network;cortical atrophy,through disruption of white mat-ter microstructure and reduction in gray matter volume,weakens emotional drive and cognitive regulation;decreased levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin directly impair the regulation threshold of motivated behavior;and accumula-tion of harmful substances like Aβ/tau proteins mediates neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity impairment.Current research still faces challenges such as insufficient analysis of mechanistic heterogeneity and a lack of biomarker profiles.Future studies need to integrate multimodal imaging and molecular dynamic monitoring technologies to establish precise intervention strategies based on neural circuit remodeling,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the early identification and individualized treatment of apathy in iNPH.

Abstract:Intracerebral hemorrhage and brain abscess are two distinct diseases,and clinical cases of intracerebral hemorrhage transforming into a brain abscess are extremely rare.Brain abscess carries high rates of mortality and disability.Due to the low positivity rate of etiological detection and culture for brain abscess,most cases are diagnosed and treated early based on medical history,clinical symptoms,and cerebrospinal fluid cytology.Streptococcus constellatus is an opportunistic pathogen,and cases of intracranial infection and brain abscess formation following conservative treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage are exceptionally uncommon.This article reports a case of hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage that transformed into a Streptococ-cus constellatus brain abscess after conservative treatment.The patient was successfully treated with sensitive antibiotics based on drug susceptibility testing combined with stereotactic puncture and drainage.This case suggests that when cerebral hematoma shows prolonged difficulty in absorption and significant edema,brain abscess should be suspected.Relevant examinations should be promptly completed to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment,thereby avoiding delays in management.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic spinal hematoma evacuation in the treatment of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma(SSEH).Methods The clinical data of 13 SSEH patients treated with endoscopic hema-toma evacuation in the Department of Spinal Surgery,Liuzhou People's Hospital from June 2017 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.The American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)impairment scale,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,and Japanese Or-thopaedic Association(JOA)score were assessed preoperatively,and at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively.The modified Mac-Nab criteria were recorded at the final follow-up.Results All 13 patients were followed up for 3-6 months postoperatively,with an average of 5.6 months.ASIA grades improved in all patients at 3 months postoperatively.Postoperative VAS and JOA scores showed significant improvement(P<0.05).At the final follow-up,according to the modified MacNab criteria:10 cases were rated as excellent,2 as good,and 1 as fair;the excellent and good rate was 92.31%.Conclusion Endoscopic spinal hematoma evacuation for SSEH offers advantages such as minimal trauma,precise decompression,and less bleeding.It can achieve adequate spinal canal decompression and complete hematoma evacuation,truly realizing the precision of endoscopic techniques.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the surgical outcomes of patients with spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage complicated by chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 136 patients with spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage who underwent craniotomy at the Departments of Neurosurgery of The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou between January 1,2019,and December 31,2022.Among them,18 patients had CKD(CKD group).Using propensity score matching(PSM),18 patients without CKD were selected as the control group in a 1:1 ratio.Results Before PSM analysis,there were statistically signif-icant differences in age and gender ratio between the two groups(P<0.05).After PSM,the baseline characteristics showed no significant differences(P>0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the CKD group(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in hospital stay or modified Rankin Scale(mRS)scores at discharge between the two groups(P>0.05).In the CKD group,outcomes at discharge were poor:14 patients had mRS scores≥5,and 4 had mRS scores<5.Patients with lower CKD stage,higher admission Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)scores,and no postoperative complica-tions had better outcomes at discharge.Conclusion The overall surgical prognosis for patients with spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage complicated by CKD is poor.Patient outcomes are closely related to CKD stage and GCS scores,emphasizing the need for enhanced comprehensive and individualized postoperative management.

Abstract:Glioma is the most common malignant intracranial tumor with a poor prognosis,primarily associated with the intraoperative difficulty in accurately delineating the boundary between glioma and normal brain tissue,leading to tumor res-idue and postoperative recurrence.Current techniques such as intraoperative navigation,intraoperative fluorescence imaging,and intraoperative MRI all have various limitations.The definitive detection of intracranial tumors still relies on postoperative patho-logical examination,failing to achieve rapid intraoperative detection.Raman spectroscopic imaging technology holds promise for realizing rapid intraoperative detection,thereby guiding tumor resection,reducing tumor residue,and offering new hope for glioma surgery.According to the cancer stem cell theory,glioma stem cells are considered the root cause of glioma recurrence.Raman spectroscopy can be used to study the metabolic characteristics and drug resistance mechanisms of glioma stem cells at different differentiation stages.This article reviews the principles of Raman spectroscopic imaging technology and its research progress in the field of glioma.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of microscope-assisted bipolar electrocautery for carotid body tumors(CBT).Methods The clinical data of 60 patients with CBT who underwent microscope-assisted bipolar electro-cautery in the Department of Neurosurgery,The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from October 2018 to February 2025 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 60 cases,29 were classified as Shamblin type Ⅰ,20 as typeⅡ,and 11 as type Ⅲ.All tumors were completely resected under the microscope,with no postoperative stroke or mortality.The operative time ranged from 50 to 240 minutes(mean 115.33±44.55 min),intraoperative blood loss ranged from 13 to 300 mL(mean 73.08±60.40 mL),and postoperative hospital stay ranged from 3 to 11 days(mean 5.85±1.78 d).The intraoperative vascular li-gation rate was 6.67%,and the cranial nerve injury rate was 8.33%.During postoperative follow-up of 3 to 76 months,no severe complications such as hemiplegia or cerebral infarction occurred.Postoperative hoarseness occurred in 4 cases,2 of which were accompanied by choking on drinking.These patients were treated with hormones and neurotrophic drugs for 1～6 months,and their symptoms improved.At the last follow-up,no tumor recurrence was observed.Conclusion For CBT,microscope-assisted bipolar electrocautery is a safe and effective surgical approach.This technique offers significant advantages in precise anatomical dissection and hemostasis,maximally preserving the carotid artery and surrounding neural structures.It is particularly suitable for patients with Shamblin type Ⅲ tumors,allowing safe and accurate surgery,effectively reducing intraoperative bleeding,and optimally protecting adjacent vascular and neural tissues.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the risk factors for ultra-early death(within 7 days of onset)in patients with hy-pertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).Methods The clinical data of 617 HICH patients admitted to Yunfu People's Hos-pital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 617 patients,128 died within 7 days of admission,with a mortality rate of 20.75%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the use of antiplatelet drugs,pupillary dilation on admission,infratentorial hemorrhage,low Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score on admission,high sys-tolic blood pressure on admission,and low hemoglobin level on admission were independent risk factors for ultra-early death in HICH patients(P<0.05).Conclusion The mortality rate is high in patients with HICH.The use of antiplatelet drugs,pupillary dilation on admission,infratentorial hemorrhage,low GCS score on admission,high systolic blood pressure on admission,and low hemoglobin level on admission are closely associated with ultra-early death in HICH patients.Comprehensive assessment of these risk factors is helpful for early identification of high-risk patients and formulation of individualized treatment plans,there-by improving the prognosis of HICH patients.

Abstract:Chronic internal carotid artery occlusion refers to occlusion of the internal carotid artery persisting for over four weeks,constituting a significant cause of ischaemic stroke.To better implement the major deployment of the Hubei Provin-cial Health Commission's"323"campaign,the Hubei Provincial Quality Control Centre for Neurointerventional Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques organised relevant experts within Hubei province.Through reviewing the latest literature and consider-ing the province's actual circumstances,we jointly formulated the Hubei Provincial Local Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines for Chronic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion.