Efficacy of 3D-printed guide-assisted puncture and drainage for patients with massive brainstem hemorrhage
WU Tongshuai
LIU Zhenyang
LUO Wei
NIU Jianping
Abstract：Objective To investigate the feasibility,safety,and preliminary efficacy of 3D-printed guide-assisted punc-ture and drainage for patients with massive(>10 mL)brainstem hemorrhage.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 10 patients with massive brainstem hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Shanxi Bethune Hospital,between December 2018 and May 2022.All 10 patients underwent hematoma puncture and drainage assisted by a 3D-print-ed guide.Results The hematoma volume in the 10 cases ranged from 10 to 24 mL[(17.7±4.4)mL].The 3D-printed guides showed satisfactory adherence to the scalp in all cases,and the surgeries were successfully completed.The operation time(from skin incision to suture closure)ranged from 40 minutes to 1 hour.Follow-up CT scans within 24～48 hours postoperatively showed a hematoma clearance rate of≥80%.There were no postoperative complications such as new-onset bleeding,intracranial infection,or neuro-logical deficits.Postoperative CT images were fused with preoperative planning images to assess the coincidence of the catheter tip with the planned target.The results showed that the error between the drainage catheter tip and the preset target was less than 2 mm.Trajectory analysis indicated that the maximum axial deviation of the drainage catheter trajectory from the planned path was less than 2 mm,and the deviation angle was less than 2°.The puncture trajectory followed the planned path through the middle or supe-rior cerebellar peduncle,avoided the ventricles and cerebellar midline nuclei,and did not cause puncture-related bleeding in venous sinuses or the cortex.During the 6-month postoperative follow-up,the Glasgow Coma Scale score[(7.50±4.01)]showed significant improvement compared to the preoperative score[(4.60±1.58)](P=0.010).Modified Rankin Scale scores were 2 in 2 cases and 5 in 8 cases.Conclusion 3D-printed guide-assisted puncture and drainage for massive brainstem hemorrhage is characterized by mini-mal invasiveness,short operation time,and high accuracy,yielding satisfactory therapeutic outcomes.
Keywords：massive brainstem hemorrhagepuncture and drainage3D-printed guideefficacy
Publication Date：2026-01-25
Online Publishing Date：2026-03-16(First online date of this platform, not the publication date of the document)
Pages：5( 16-20 )