Abstract:Pine wilt disease,caused by the pine wood nematode,is one of the most devastating forest diseases globally.The removal of infected dead wood is a core measure in its control,crucial for preventing the spread of the epidemic.This study employed systematically evaluated the operational efficacy of cargo drones(DJI T70 model)in the removal of pine wood nematode-infected trees through field experiments.The results indicate that the drone's average operation time per sortie is kept under 4 minutes and 30 seconds,with an average load capacity of 55.3 kg,enhanced transportation efficiency by 58.8％and reduced costs by 23.5％compared to traditional manual methods.The drone demonstrates significant advantages in complex terrains,with a maximum daily transport capacity of 57 trees,unrestricted by forest road conditions,and capable of precisely reaching remote areas inaccessible to humans.However,drone transportation still faces limitations such as high equipment investment and susceptibility to weather conditions.Based on the findings,this paper proposes a hybrid model combining drone and manual transportation to achieve optimal control effectiveness and economic benefits.

Abstract:With the continuous progress of society,while pursuing material fulfillment,people's demand for spiritual enrichment has also grown significantly.As the"second nature"in urban life,gardens are increasingly demonstrating their indispensable importance.The construction of parks aims to provide visitors with spaces that combine aesthetic environments and recreational functions,embodying the concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.By creating ecological and visually pleasing environments,parks further promote the physical and mental well-being of citizens.The West Suburban Forest Park in Jinan places particular emphasis on visitor experience while developing its ecological landscape.Detailed considerations in path planning,boundary treatment,signage systems,node design,and zoning fully incorporate ergonomic principles,resulting in a highly user-friendly space.Based on field investigations and urban image theory,this paper briefly analyzes the application of urban elements in park landscape design.

Abstract:To accelerate the utilization and development of Liriodendron tulipifera,this study systematically analyzed phenotypic variation in elite progeny of L.tulipifera during the seedling stage and conducted preliminary selection by investigating seedling height,ground diameter,and primary branch data from 2-year-old half-sib family seedlings of three elite varieties.Results demonstrated significant variations in growth and morphological traits among 180 randomly selected seedlings.Tree height,ground diameter,and branch number exhibited extremely significant or significant differences(P＜0.0 1).Coefficients of variation ranged from 2.07％to 17.01％,with branch number showing the highest variability(17.01％),followed by primary branch length(10.87％),while tree height and ground diameter exhibited lower variability.Significant positive correlations were observed between tree height and ground diameter(0.581**)and tree height and primary branch length(0.557**)respectively,and the strongest correlation was between primary branch length and thickness(0.769**).Principal component analysis extracted three principal components(cumulative contribution rate:88.19％).Specifically,Y1(growth potential factor,explaining 61.24％variance)was positively associated with tree height,primary branch length,and thickness;Y2 characterized branching patterns;and Y3 reflected shoot-root balance.Using the M+2SD selection threshold(tree height＞239.48 cm,ground diameter＞30.28 mm),two elite individuals were preliminary technical screened from 14,000 seedlings(selection rate:0.014％),the phenotypic gains in average tree height(242.5 cm)and basal diameter(34.62 mm)ranged from 57.45％to 86.23％.This research not only enhanced the understanding of phenotypic variation characteristics in elite progeny of L.tulipifera at the seedling stage,but also contributed significantly to laying a robust foundation for the breeding of superior new varieties.

Abstract:A plant specimen belonging to the genus Bothriospermum was discovered by the author at Xinglong Temple in Zhangqiu District,Jinan City,Shandong Province(coordinates 36°33′22″N,117°39′58″E).Its morphological characteristics are significantly different from other plants of the same genus in Shandong.Based on data comparison,it was determined as a new distribution record of plants in Shandong Province-Bothriospermum longistylum Q.W.Lin & Bing Liu.With this addition,the number of species of Bothriospermum grass in Shandong Province has increased from 3 to 4.

Abstract:Bud dormancy is a crucial physiological mechanism enabling temperate deciduous trees to adapt to seasonal environmental changes,which is regulated by environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature.Against the backdrop of global climate warming,systematic studies on bud dormancy-regrowth in temperate deciduous trees will facilitate a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms.Based on previous findings,this study synthesizes and summarizes the key factors influencing the bud dormancy cycle,including environmental factors,hormonal changes,metabolic changes,and the molecular regulatory mechanisms of DAM and EBB1 genes.It aims to provide a theoretical foundation for deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of bud dormancy-regrowth in deciduous trees,as well as for advancing dormancy-related molecular breeding efforts.

Abstract:In order to protect wild resources and meet the needs of medicinal and ornamental cultivation,we investigated the growth,distribution and reproductive characteristics of Delphinium L.in Qilian Mountain,and carried out artificial division and sowing cultivation by collected wild individuals and seeds.The result showed that there were 6 species in Qilian Mountain,which grows in shrub,grassland and other shady and wet environment in altitude ranging from 2,350 to 3,550 m.After artificial division cultivation,the transplant survival rate of different species were above 90％,but the number of divisions per plant was low;after artificial sowing cultivation,The number of seeds per plant and the germination rate of Delphinium densiflorum Duchie were the highest in all species,the number of seeds per plant was above 94,the germination rate was above 85％,followed by Delphinium trichophorum Franch.Therefore,the species D.densiflorum Duchie and D.trichophorum Franch priority species to fulfill medicinal and ornamental needs for.

Abstract:Avian species diversity represents a critical component of biodiversity,and it is of great significance to master avian species diversity in county-level administrative regions to guide bird conservation in the county.In order to fully understand the background status of bird resources,a systematic survey on avian communities during breeding and wintering seasons were conducted respectively by line transect methods and infrared camera traps in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County,Hunan Province,from May 2022 to May 2023.At the same time,combined with historical survey data,a total of 191 bird species were recorded,belonging to 17 orders and 51 families.Among them,2 species and 29 species are listed as the national Grade Ⅰ and Grade Ⅱ key protected wildlife,respectively,and 6 species are endemic to China.In terms of fauna division,there were 97 species belonging to affiliated with the Oriental realm,60 species belonging to Palearctic realm,and 34 species belonging to widely distributed species.Furthermore,there were 104 resident species,31 summer migrants,36 winter migrants,and 20 passing migrants.Species richness and abundance of breeding season were higher than wintering season,however,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index,and Pielou evenness index of wintering season were greater than breeding season.At the annual scale,forest avian communities exhibited the highest species richness,abundance,and Shannon-Wiener diversity index,while grassland avian communities displayed the lowest values.The highest similarity in community composition was observed between farmland and shrubland habitats,whereas the lowest similarity was found between grassland and forest habitats.The vertical distribution of avian species richness followed a mid-elevation peak pattern,with lower richness observed above altitude 800 meters and the lowest richness below altitude 200 meters.The results suggested that the avian species diversity was high in Jingzhou Miao and Dong autonomous county,and the structure characteristics of avian community was consistent with the local natural geography and ecological environment.Finally,conservation recommendations for bird resources were proposed based on the current threats to local avian populations.

Abstract:To update the Shandong bird checklist,clarify taxonomic changes and adjustments of some species,and assess avian species diversity for constructing regional bird conservation frameworks.Based on the Avifauna of Shandong China published by Sai Daojian in 2017,this paper synthesizes field investigations,specialized literature,and other relevant data to compile a comprehensive overview of the bird resources in Shandong Province.The checklist was updated based on A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China by Zheng Guangmei in 2023,and species diversity was analyzed using the G-F index.?As of January 1,2025,a total of 514 bird species have been confirmed,belonging to 23 orders,79 families,and 250 genera.Taxonomic dominance:Passeriformes constituted the largest order(239 species);Anatidae(43 species)and Phylloscopus(24 species)ranked highest at family and genus levels,respectively.Ecological composition:Songbirds dominated(239 species).Conservation status:29 species were classified as class Ⅰ nationally key protected wild animals,88 as class Ⅱ,and 72 as threatened according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.The study found that the avian diversity in Shandong Province showed a gradient change trend over time.Both interfamilial diversity and intergeneric diversity were relatively rich,especially the inter-familial diversity was more abundant.

Abstract:In recent years,flower border has rapidly developed in China due to their unique planting forms,rich color levels,and high ornamental value.However,overall,a distinctive and mature design language has not yet been formed,and there is a lack of local characteristics and personality.Additionally,the maintenance costs are high,and there is a lack of sustainability.Taking the award-winning work"Taking history as the theme,forging ahead"from the first flower border vocational skills competition in Shandong Province's landscaping industry as an example,this research explores its design and construction of small-scale themed flower borders,summarizes the construction of the flower border's plan layout,plant configuration,micro-terrain,structures,roads,etc.After two years of practical application,these borders have maintained sustainable aesthetic effects.The innovative integration of recreational function,environmental enhancement,and cultural-historical representation offers valuable insights for themed flower border development.

Abstract:In order to develop and utilize Caragana roborovskyi efficiently,we set up sample plant and plot in the arid region Qilian Mountain,investigated the characteristics of branch and leaf growth,root distribution,seedling production and plant dormancy,and analyzed drought resistance characteristics based on investigation results.The result showed that the crown of Caragana roborovskyi was low,branch was covered by prickle,root distribution showed umbrella-type,main root stretched into soil deeply.The propagation from stool shoots was main modality of seedling production,and the propagation from seeds was secondary modality;the dormancy has characteristics entered early and exited late,the drought resistance characteristics of Caragana roborovskyi was showed by leaf growth,root distribution,seedling production and plant dormancy from reduced water evaporation,absorbed deep soil water,increased propagation success rate and avoided adverse growth conditions,and mastered and followed drought resistance characteristics has certain guiding function to utilization efficiently of Caragana roborovskyi.

Abstract:[Objective]To grasp the distribution status of wild medicinal plant resources in Lixu District,Jinan City,and to provide a basis for the protection,development and utilization of medicinal plant resources in the district.[Methods]Guided by the technical specifications of the Fourth National Census of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources,field surveys were carried out using a combination of sample squa1re and sample line,and statistics and analyses were conducted on the species groups,family and genus composition,life types,key herbs and rare and endangered species of wild medicinal plants.[Results]There are 351 species of wild medicinal plants in Liucheng District,belonging to 77 families and 235 genera,including 344 species of 72 families and 229 genera of angiosperms;herbaceous plants accounted for 73.43%;the dominant families are Leguminosae and Chrysanthemums;according to medicinal properties,clearing the heat is the main medicines;according to the parts of medicinal herbs,the whole herbs are the most common ones,which accounted for 47.86%;there are 110 kinds of key medicinal plants and 122 kinds of Chinese medicinal tablets;and 5 kinds of key medicinal plants are under protection.There are 110 kinds of key medicinal plants,122 kinds of Chinese medicinal tablets and 5 kinds of key protected medicinal plants.[Conclusion]The wild medicinal plants in Lixing District are rich in resources,but the utilization rate is low.This study basically maps out the profile of the wild medicinal plant resources in Lixing District,and puts forward rationalization suggestions to provide guidance and scientific theoretical basis for the sustainable development of medicinal plant resources in the region.

Abstract:[Objective]To calculate the production cost for the tissue-cultured bottle seedlings of Arundo donax L.at a scale of 1 million plantlets per year.[Method]Based on the practical production experience,cost calculations were performed for each stage of industrialized production.[Results]The results showed that the production cost of Arundo donax L.bottle seedlings was 0.151 yuan per planet.In terms of production stages,the total cost included culture medium cost,inoculation cost,cultivation cost,depreciation of fixed assets,and low-value consumables cost,among which the first three items accounting for 80.93%of the total cost.In terms of cost components,the overall cost structure comprised labor cost,water and electricity cost,reagent and material cost,and depreciation of fixed assets,with the first two being the major parts,accounting for 76.16%of the total cost.[Conclusion]Labor and water-electricity costs are the main components of the production cost in the industrialized tissue culture of Arundo donax L..Accordingly,measures to reduce costs are proposed,providing a basis for lowering production costs and improving economic efficiency in the industrialized seedling production of giant reed through tissue culture.

Abstract:[Objective]Coastal cities experiencing rapid economic development will,to varying degrees,face issues such as fragmented ecological spatial layout,reduced urban green coverage,and isolated green spaces resulting from concentrated urban development and expansion.[Method]The construction of an urban-level ecological network can connect regional green spaces and enhance the capacity for ecological diversity conservation.This study takes Putian City as an example,employing the MSPA analysis method and landscape connectivity to extract ecological source areas.Through spatial principal component analysis,an ecological comprehensive resistance surface is constructed.Based on circuit theory,ecological corridors,ecological pinch points,and ecological barrier points are extracted and identified,initially establishing the ecological network of Putian City.Subsequently,the ecological network in the study area is optimized by adding"stepping stones,"new ecological source areas,and repairing ecological discontinuities.[Result]The results indicate that the initially extracted ecological source area covers 1515.12 km2,with 43 ecological corridors and 18 ecological nodes.After optimization,the total extracted ecological source area increases to 1577.41 km2.The optimization of the ecological network in Putian City is achieved through the identification and repair of 7 new"stepping stones,"5 new ecological source areas,34 ecological discontinuities,and a focus on ecological nodes.The optimized ecological network comprises 23 ecological source areas and 58 ecological corridors,with a more stable network structure and slight improvements in corridor network analysis indicators.[Conclusion]The findings of this study provide a reference for the future ecological civilization construction a nd regional ecological governance in Putian City,and offer insights for further research on the ecological network of Putian City.

Abstract:[Objective]The aim of this study was tocomprehensively understand the differences and characteristics of different measurement methods,which helpful for leverage the important role of forest ecosystem carbon sinks in achieving the"dual carbon"goals.[Method]This study focuses on the carbon sequestration measurement methods of forest ecosystems in Shandong Province.It analyzes three methods:binary volume model based on forest inventory data,remote sensing inversion,and flux observation,to identify the differences in forest carbon sequestration in Shandong Province under different measurement methods and to explore the measurement method suitable for forest carbon sequestration in Shandong.[Results]Over the past 20 years,the carbon sequestration of forest land in Shandong had shown an overall upward trend,but there were significant differences in the measurement results obtained using different methods.Among them,the results based on plot measurements were the highest.The forest land area increased by approximately 7.1×104ha from 2000 to 2020,the carbon storage increased to 3.42×107t by 2020,which is 1.45 times higher than that in 2000.The growth trend of remote sensing inversion results is consistent with that of plot measurements,with the measurement result in 2020 being 1.82×107t,which is 53.12%of the plot measurement result.The results based on eddy covariance flux observations are the lowest,only 1.23×107t,and the measurement results are significantly affected by changes in forest land area.[Conclusion]Different measurement methods can be applied to different application scenarios.Plot measurement method is the basic work and an important reference for other measurement methods.Establishing a plot measurement database has significant practical significance for accurately measuring forest carbon sequestration.Remote sensing inversion has advantages in calculating large-scale forest ecosystems,especially in detecting the spatial and temporal distribution and dynamic changes of carbon in forest ecosystems.The eddy covariance-based carbon flux observation method has advantages in small-scale ecosystem measurements,such as long observation periods,high data accuracy,and simultaneous measurement of multiple elements,and can be applied to mechanistic research on forest carbon.Therefore,this study believes that using appropriate measurement methods in different application scenarios is more conducive to promoting the implementation of the"dual carbon"goals.

Abstract:There are 92 species in 57 families of key protected wild plants in Shandong Province.Among them,12 species are endemic to this province;37 species reach their northern or southern boundary of natural distribution range in Shandong Province.Most species are extremely limit distributed,with clear aggregation in the Eastern Shandong Hilly Region(56 species)and Central and Southern Shandong Mountainous and Hilly Area(42 species),and then Coastal Zone Region(11 species),but sparse distribution in the plains areas of Northern and Northwestern Shandong and Southwestern Shandong,with only 3 and 1 species respectively.Based on the composition characteristics and their geographical distribution patterns,some protection recommendations are put forward.

Abstract:[Objective]To solve the problems of low efficiency and high cost of traditional propagation methods for the fine variety Catalpa bungei'Luqiu 3',this study aimed to achieve efficient seedling raising by establishing its tissue culture and rapid propagation system.[Method]Taking the current-year young shoots of Catalpa bungei'Luqiu 3'as explants,orthogonal experimental design and other methods were used to determine the optimal explants and disinfection time,screen the optimal culture media for primary induction,subculture proliferation and rooting culture,and select the suitable ratio of hardening-off and transplanting substrates.Relevant growth and survival indicators were counted.[Result]Using buds germinated in hydroponics as explants,soaking in 0.10%HgCl2 for 8 minutes was the optimal treatment,with a contamination rate of 3.30%and a germination rate of 96.70%.The optimal culture conditions for each stage were screened by orthogonal experiments:the primary induction medium was MS+6-BA 0.50 mg·L-1+IBA 0.10 mg·L-1,with the number of induced buds reaching 3.60 per explant;the subculture proliferation medium was N6+6-BA 0.75 mg·L-1+NAA 0.15 mg·L-1,with a proliferation coefficient of 6.20;the rooting medium was 1/2MS+NAA 0.50 mg·L-1+IBA 0.10 mg·L-1,with a rooting rate of 92.00%and an average number of roots of 10.50 per plant.After 7 days of hardening-off,the seedlings were transplanted into the substrate with perlite:vermiculite:peat(1:1:1),and the survival rate reached 94.00%.[Conclusion]The tissue culture and rapid propagation system of Catalpa bungei'Luqiu 3'established in this study can provide technical support for its industrial seedling raising and popularization and application.

Abstract:In order to better study the relationship between the growth status and salt tolerance physiological characteristics of T.chinensis Plantation in saline alkali habitats,key growth parameters and physiological indices of T.chinensisin saline alkali habitats were measured.The results showed that with the increase of salinity in the growth environment,the growth(height and ground diameter)of T.chinensis decreased significantly.The relative conductivity and MDA content of T.chinensis leaves in the moderate saline-alkali(3.5‰)habitat did not change significantly compared with the control,but increased significantly in the medium-height(5.9‰)and high-height(7.7 5‰)saline-alkali habitats.With the increase of soil salinity,the Pro content increased exponentially compared with the control plot(0.2‰).The trends of SOD activity,soluble protein and soluble sugar were consistent,and they all decreased first and then increased with the increase of soil salt content.The activities of malondialdehyde,osmotic regulators and enzymes reached a high level in the highly saline-alkali habitat,and there was no downward trend due to intolerance.The plants in the high salt(7.75‰)habitat had some dead branches due to the influence of salt stress,but they could survive and grow slowly,confirming its long-term adaptability to highly saline environments.

Abstract:In order to increase ecological benefit of Populus cathayana plantation,we investigated the effects of shrubby training and single trunk training on forest growth,forest microenvironment,plant community under forest,health degree of trees,and protection costs in tianzhu county of Gansu province.The result showed that the shrubby training increased forest growth,improved forest microenvironment,increased the vegetation growth under forest,increased the health degree of trees,and decreased protection costs.The crown density,crown diameter,dry weight of single plant on the ground,air humidity in the forest,soil relative water content,vegetation cover under forest,number of species,density,height and above-ground dry weight were increased 105.00％,87.36％,32.20％,15.81％,29.14％,37.89％,33.33％,80.00％,29.16％,and 46.64％than single trunk training,respectively.The tree height,air temperature in the forest,strength of illumination,damage rate by long horned beetle,top dry rate,wind folded rate,mortality rate,protection costs and weight of domestic garbage were decreased 51.48％,18.21％,43.79％,100.00％,100.00％,100.00％,100.00％,38.78％,and 54.44％than single trunk training,respectively.The difference of different test index between shrubby training and single trunk training was extremely significant level separately.

Abstract:Rosa chinensis is one of the ten famous flowers in China.In this study,the biological information of AP2 gene family of Chinese rose with disease resistance was analyzed,and AP2/ERF gene family discovery and identification were conducted based on the whole genome data of Rosa chinensis.The physicochemical properties,conserved motif,gene structure,cis-acting elements and phylogeny of AP2/ERF gene family were analyzed by MEME,MEGA and other bioinformatics tools.Results showed 169 AP2/ERF proteins were located through 7 chromosomes.According to physicochemical analysis of AP2/ERF genes,the amino acid number of AP2/ERF proteins ranged from 94 to 832 aa.Molecular weight range 10765.38～91007.8 kD;The isoelectric point ranged 4.52～10.31,all were hydrophilic proteins and mainly acted outside the nucleus.According to phylogenetic analysis,the 169 RchERF genes were divided into five subfamilies.This study screened and systematically analyzed the AP2/ERF gene of Chinese rose,which provided a basis for further research on the function of RchERF genes.

Abstract:As a new type of garden,the research on urban exhibition gardens is relatively scarce,and in social practice,there is a tendency towards homogeneity.Montage,as a narrative technique,has certain theoretical and practical value in showcasing the clear logic and easy-to-understand connotation of exhibition gardens.This paper analyzed the development of domestic urban exhibition gardens from the perspective of montage narrative,explored the design methods and new paradigms of urban exhibition,and interpreted the connotation of the Ulaanbaatar Garden in the International Horticultural Exhibition 2024 Chengdu(the Expo).It also analyzed and the practical application of montage in scene arrangement,and elaborated on the narrative techniques of montage in urban exhibition gardens.The paper summarized the design methods of urban exhibition from both theoretical and empirical research,providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for subsequent related researches.