Abstract:In recent years,Jiangsu province has been promoting the high-quality development of the fruit industry with the guidance of"green,high-quality,simplified and efficient".However,under the background of supply side structural reform and the policy of preventing non-grain use of cultivated land,the high-quality development of fruit industry faces many challenges.In order to review the achievements and shortcomings of industrial development,this article described the basic situation of Jiangsu's fruit industry(excluding watermelon and muskmelon),covering aspects such as production scale,planting structure,distribution,and facility cultivation.It analyzed the problems and deficiencies faced by the industry including the breeding and promotion of improved varieties,production costs,and green production.Relevant development suggestions were proposed,which would help clarify the key breakthrough directions and work promotion focus for future industrial development.

Abstract:Asparagus has a well-developed root system and strong ecological adaptability,with notable drought resistance,salt and alkali tolerance,and ability to thrive in poor soil conditions,making it a pioneer plant for reclaiming saline-alkali lands.Selecting asparagus varieties that suit local climate and soil conditions while excelling in both nutritional value and market quality is crucial for enhancing cultivation efficiency and meeting market demands.This study selected three asparagus varieties('Jinguan''Feicuimingzhu''Hangtian 6')as experimental materials.The nutritional quality of the tender edible stems was analysed by measuring the water content,soluble protein,soluble sugar,reducing sugar,chlorophyll,and comparing and analysing the differences among the three varieties.The results showed that'Feicuimingzhu'performs best in terms of water content(93.78％),flavonoids(0.11 mg/100 g),soluble sugar(1.11 mg/100 g),reducing sugar(0.94 mg/100 g),vitamin C(11.66 mg/100 g),and carotenoids(0.047 mg/g).'Hangtian 6'demonstrated higher levels of soluble protein(8.17 mg/100 g)and chlorophyll(0.48 mg/g).Comprehensive analysis revealed that the nutritional indicators of'Feicuimingzhu'were relatively good,making it suitable for local cultivation.The experimental results provided important theoretical support and practical references for the selection of excellent asparagus varieties,the optimization of cultivation layout,and the improvement of the industry quality in this region.

Abstract:As an important form of fruit tree production,protected cultivation enables effective regulation of environmental factors,achieves off-season fruit availability,and significantly enhances economic benefits.As a major stone fruit species in China,plum has great potential in protected cultivation to meet off-season market demand and mitigate risks associated with open-field cultivation.Therefore,this paper systematically summarized variety requirements for protected cultivation,techniques for regulating chilling requirements,precise control methods for light,temperature,and humidity within the protected environment,meticulous management practices for tree structure,flowers,and fruits,as well as green prevention and control strategies for major pests and diseases.On this basis,it integrated and established a high-quality and efficient cultivation technology system for protected plums,centered on the principles of"optimal variety selection,precise chilling management,controllable environment,optimized tree structure,intelligent water and fertilizer application,and green plant protection".The development trends were also discussed,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the standardized,efficient,and sustainable development of the protected plum industry in China.

Abstract:Weihai is one of the areas,where the"Tea Introduction from the South to the North"project was implemented in Shandong province in the 20th century,and is also an important base of producing tea in the north of Yangtze River regions.In recent years,Weihai's tea industry has evolved from scattered cultivation to a thriving sector that supports rural revitalization and boosts farmers' incomes,becoming one of the city's key"Five Golden Flowers"industries and playing a significant role in driving rural economic development and increasing agricultural earnings.The paper summarized the current situation of tea industry in Weihai,analyzed the development advantages and existing problems,according to the existent problems,such as small proportion of clonal varieties,low processing level,low brand recognition,low level of integrated development,put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions,providing theoretical reference for promoting high-quality development of the tea industry in Weihai.

Abstract:This study investigated the effects of different warming methods on strawberry growth and heat energy utilization in elevated substrate cultivation in research facilities.'Hongyan'strawberries were used as the test material,and two types of heating equipment were installed in the greenhouse:a coal-fired hot air furnace and an electric heater,with non-heated conditions as the control.Strawberry growth parameters,photosynthetic traits,yield,and quality were measured under different heating treatments.The results showed that compared with the non-heated control,heating treatments promoted strawberry growth.Photosynthetic efficiency and quality were significantly improved.After heating with the coal-fired hot air furnace,plant height,leaf number,total chlorophyll,net photosynthetic rate increased by 12.97％,67.44％,9.73％,25.34％ respectively,while titratable acid decreased by 20.49％.After heating with the electric heater,plant height,leaf number,chlorophyll b,net photosynthetic rate,soluble solids increased by 59.18％,87.21％,30.08％,55.08％,28.03％respectively,and titratable acid decreased by 26.76％.Principal component analysis indicated that intercellular CO2 concentration,soluble sugars,transpiration rate,and maximum single fruit weight could serve as evaluation indicators for different heating methods on strawberry growth and heat energy utilization in elevated substrate cultivation.Comprehensive evaluation showed that the electric heater was more effective than the coal-fired hot air furnace.

Abstract:This study utilized 8-year-old'Korla fragrant pear'trees as experimental materials to investigate the effects of five different row spacings(220,280,340,420,480 cm)on fruit color,single fruit weight,and overall fruit quality.Although no significant differences in average single fruit weight were observed across treatments,the T4 treatment(420 cm row spacing)exhibited the most uniform distribution of fruit weight between the upper and lower canopy layers,with values of 111.83 g and 108.94 g,respectively.In terms of color characteristics,fruits from the T4 treatment displayed a more pronounced yellow-green hue,greater peel transparency,and enhanced color saturation.Furthermore,the soluble solids content in the upper and lower canopy fruits under T4 was 13.95％and 13.60％,respectively,while titratable acidity remained consistent at 0.54％in both canopy positions,indicating high physiological uniformity.Principal component analysis revealed that the 420 cm row spacing treatment significantly enhanced overall fruit quality and visual appearance,achieving the highest comprehensive score of 2.295.In summary,the'Korla fragrant pear'orchard with a row and plant spacing configuration of 420 cm×100 cm exhibited the best performance in fruit color and quality.

Abstract:Summer Black grape juice contains abundant bioactive compounds.Low-temperature vacuum concentration can effectively reduce the degradation of active ingredients while maintaining high concentration efficiency.To explore the effects of low temperature vacuum concentration on grape juice bioactive substances,Summer Black grape juice was used to study changes in TAC,TPC and antioxidant activity at 40-65℃,and an anthocyanin thermal degradation kinetic model was established.Results showed anthocyanin degradation followed first order kinetics(activation energy 21.57 kJ/mol):rate constant increased from 1.55×10-3(40 ℃)to 2.85×10-3(65 ℃),half-life shortened from 447.19 min to 243.21 min.TAC,TPC and antioxidant activity first increased then decreased,with 50-55 ℃ optimal and 55℃ showing the best comprehensive quality.Principal component analysis and cluster heatmap indicated that at 55 ℃,the retention of bioactive components and antioxidant capacity were synergistically optimized.Compared with thermal concentration,it improved TAC(355.69 mg/L)and TPC(3 669.74 mg/L).55 ℃ vacuum concentration achieved efficient concentration and maximized nutritional quality,providing theoretical and technical references for high-quality grape juice processing.

Abstract:As a non-thermal processing technology,pulsed electric field(PEF)has gradually been widely applied and developed in the field of fruit and vegetable processing due to its advantages of low-temperature energy saving,efficient sterilization,and high solubility of nutritional components.PEF technology achieves the solubility of nutritional components and efficient inactivation of microorganisms by enhancing the permeability of cell membranes through irreversible electroporation caused by the application of high-intensity pulsed electric fields to fruit and vegetable cells.Based on this,this paper first elaborated on the generation principle,mechanism of action,and various factors affecting the processing effectiveness of PEF technology.Subsequently,it systematically discussed the specific roles of PEF technology in maintaining the sensory attributes of fruits and vegetables,promoting the solubility of nutritional components,and enhancing the safety of fruits and vegetables.Finally,it summarized and prospected the existing shortcomings and future development directions of PEF technology,in order to provide a reference for the extensive application of PEF technology in the field of fruit and vegetable processing.

Abstract:Winter-spring facility cultivation of bitter gourd is an important and efficient production pattern in Fujian province.However,the current grafting seedling production of bitter gourd in winter faces problems such as low efficiency,low grafting survival rate,and uneven seedling quality,ect.This paper systematically expounded on the standardized configuration of seedling facilities,strict disinfection procedures,scientific selection of rootstock and scion varieties,optimized matrix preparation,precise sowing and germination,efficient grafting operations,meticulous environmental regulation during the healing period,seedling management,green comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests,and the formulation of seedling standards,and so on.The key technologies of intensive production of grafted seedlings of bitter gourd in winter and spring cultivation based on the climatic characteristics of Fujian province were summarized,aiming to provide reliable seedling guarantees for the high-quality,high-yield and sustainable development of the winter and spring bitter gourd industry in Fujian.

Abstract:In order to comprehensively evaluate the vitamin nutritional levels of different fruit categories and their matching degree with human requirements,this study selected 178 fruits as research objects,constructed a comprehensive evaluation model based on the vitamin C index and vitamin matching index,and explored the correlation between vitamins and the vitamin C index,as well as between vitamins and the matching index,using Pearson correlation analysis.The results showed that citrus fruits,tropical and subtropical fruits exhibited relatively high vitamin C index values,while berries,tropical and subtropical fruits showed outstanding vitamin matching index values.Among them,76 fruit types fell into the category of"high vitamin C index,high matching index".Wild or semiwild characteristic fruit resources with deeper colors,such as red fruit(Crataegus pinnatifida var.major;Chinese hawthorn),Rosa roxburghii(cili pear,muli pear),sea buckthorn,sour thorn,sour jujube,and crabapple(Malus prunifolia),exhibited relatively high vitamin C index and matching index.Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between the vitamin matching index and vitamin C content(P=0.99).This study clarified the differential characteristics of various fruit categories in terms of vitamin supply,aiming to provide data support and theoretical reference for residents to make scientifically informed fruit choices and to formulate differentiated dietary intervention strategies.

Abstract:Tyrophagus putrescentiae is a cosmopolitan stored-product pest mite that is widely distributed in many provinces and municipalities across China.It causes severe damage to fruits,vegetables,grains and other agricultural commodities,reduces seed germination rates,contaminates high-protein foods,and induces human respiratory diseases.To clarify its occurrence patterns and green prevention and control pathways,this paper analyzed the biological characteristics and damage features of T.putrescentiae,and reviewed current control strategies including physical,chemical and biological control methods.Furthermore,it proposed measures for constructing a green integrated pest management(IPM)system,which could not only effectively control the occurrence of this pest mite and reduce post-harvest losses of agricultural products,but also lower chemical pesticide residues,ensure agricultural ecological safety and agricultural product quality safety,and promote the green and sustainable development of the storage industry.

Abstract:High temperatures in summer are one of the challenges limiting the development of hydroponic Chinese chive industry.Due to the high one-time investment,hydroponic Chinese chives generally require annual production.In order to reduce the production cost,the effects of different nutrient solution temperatures on the growth and quality of hydroponic Chinese chives'Hangyan 998'were studied.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter and dry(fresh)mass of single plant of hydroponic Chinese chives increased first and then decreased with the decrease of nutrient solution temperature,and reached the peak at 22 ℃.The cooling treatment of nutrient solution significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD),and significantly reduced the content of malondialdehyde(MDA).The cooling treatment of nutrient solution significantly increased the contents of flavonoids,total phenols and proline in leeks,and improved the flavor of hydroponic Chinese chives.It promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar,soluble protein,vitamin C,pyruvic acid and other nutrients,and the nitrate content significantly reduced.Among them,the treatment effect at 22 ℃ was the best.In summary,the nutrient solution cooling treatment helped to improve the yield and quality of hydroponic Chinese chives.The 22 ℃ treatment could take into account the yield,quality and production cost of leeks,and achieve the annual production of high-quality hydroponic Chinese chives.

Abstract:Baby pumpkin is a small-sized high-quality chestnut-flavored pumpkin cultivar with starchy,glutinous,sweet and aromatic texture,low caloric value and abundant nutrients,which is suitable for cultivation in southwestern Shandong province.However,due to the drastic temperature fluctuations in spring and the high difficulty of environmental regulation in arch sheds,problems such as unscientific water and fertilizer management,inadequate temperature and light control,delayed pest and disease prevention and control,poor pollination and low fruit setting rate are widespread in baby pumpkin production,which seriously restrict the growth vigor,yield and commercial quality of the crop.Combined with the climatic characteristics,occurrence regularity of pests and diseases,and characteristics of protected cultivation in southwestern Shandong province,this paper summarized the efficient cultivation techniques of baby pumpkin adapted to spring arch greenhouses from key links including cultivar selection,temperature regulation,water and fertilizer management,pruning and shoot thinning,aiming to provide technical support for the development of the local Beibei pumpkin industry.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of different temperatures on enzyme activities of'Yangjiaomi'melon fruit during postharvest storage and shelf life,the fruits were stored at low temperatures of 3,6,9,12 ℃ for 14 days,and then transferred to an environment of(19±0.5)℃ to simulate shelf life conditions,changes during the shelf life were observed.The activities of pectinase,amylase,brassinolide(BR),superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)in the pulp were measured at different stages.The results showed that,compared with treatments at 3,6,12 ℃,under 9 ℃ low-temperature storage,SOD activity increased by 0.24％-2.41％during storage and by 0.48％-5.63％during shelf life,both showing significant difference.CAT activity increased by 1.5％-2.8％during storage.POD activity decreased by 7.0％-10.5％during storage and by 1.7％-10.9％during shelf life.Meanwhile,it slowed down the transformation of amylase and brassinolide,and suppressed pectinase activity,thereby improving fruit stress resistance,delaying fruit oxidation and softening,and better maintaining fruit quality on day 2 of storage and shelf life.

Abstract:Agricultural product quality and safety serves as the core pillar for the revitalization of rural industries,bearing on people's livelihood and health as well as the sustainable development of the industry.Based on its regional agricultural realities,Huangdao district has innovatively established a"One-Two-Three-Four"agricultural product quality and safety supervision model by focusing on the control of pesticide residues in agricultural products,improving the two systems of testing and grid-based supervision,advancing three major breakthroughs in standards and branding,and deepening four key supervision campaigns,achieving a marked improvement in supervision efficiency.This paper systematically sorted out the practical outcomes of the model,analyzed prominent problems such as the supervision of small-scale individual farmers,the implementation of standards,and the application of traceability systems,and explored targeted optimization paths,aiming to provide practical references for the governance of agricultural product quality and safety in the region and similar areas.

Abstract:Based on multi-source data from the National Bureau of Statistics and the National Apple Industry Technology System,this study adopted a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to comprehensively examine China's apple industry in 2024 from the perspectives of production,trade,market,science and technology,standards,and policies.It systematically reviewed the development status,operational characteristics,technological progress,and challenges of China's apple industry in 2024,providing scientific basis for industrial policy formulation,corporate strategic planning,and production and operation decisions.The findings indicated that the industry was characterized by"stable production with optimized and resilient performance under pressure".The layout of the apple industry continued to improve,with steadily declining planting areas in the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay Rim dominant regions,while characteristic production areas grew steadily.In terms of international trade,exports of fresh apples and concentrated apple juice grew significantly,enhancing global market competitiveness.However,deep-seated contradictions remain prominent,including severe cultivar homogenization,structural labor shortages,frequent natural disasters,and the"five imbalances and four aging statuses"that constrain high-quality development.At the same time,significant scientific and technological breakthroughs had been achieved,forming new productive forces in stress-resistance gene mining,dwarf and dense planting,and intelligent sorting,and so on.These research outcomes hold important theoretical and practical value for promoting the transformation of the apple industry toward large-scale,intelligent,and brand-oriented development,and for supporting rural revitalization and the building of an agricultural powerhouse.

Abstract:Steam explosion was applied to treat celery seeds,and the effects of different steam explosion pressures and holding times on the structure,oil extraction rate,physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of celery seed oil were investigated.The results showed that the maximum oil extraction rate of 6.72％was achieved under the steam explosion condition of 1.5 MPa for 30 s.Steam explosion treatment improved the quality of celery seed oil:the acid value and peroxide value decreased by 11.1％and 33.3％,respectively,while the iodine value and vitamin E content increased by 9.1％and 42.8％.This treatment also altered the fatty acid composition and reduced the content of free fatty acids in the oil.After steam explosion,the surface of celery seeds became rough with damaged internal structures,which facilitated the release of oil and active substances.Consequently,the antioxidant activity of celery seed oil was enhanced,and the composition and content of fatty acids were changed.At a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL,the scavenging rates of the treated oil against DPPH and ABTS free radicals reached 79.19％and 93.28％,respectively,indicating a significant improvement in antioxidant capacity compared with the untreated group.In conclusion,steam explosion pretreatment is conducive to the extraction of celery seed oil and the release of active components,which can provide a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of celery seeds.

Abstract:Aiming at the problems of unreasonable nutrient management and low fertilizer use efficiency in potato production,this paper is based on the nutrient uptake dynamics and yield formation rules of potatoes.Taking improving the temporal matching degree between nutrient supply and crop demand as the breakthrough point,a novel nutrient management model was proposed.For nitrogen fertilizer,the strategy of total quantity control,staged regulation,and nitrogen fertilizer postponement was adopted and precisely matched via integrated water and fertilizer management.For phosphorus fertilizer,the model of constant rate monitoring,maintenance priority,and rhizosphere activation was implemented,phosphorus fertilizer postponement combined with the application of potassium fulvate was adopted to enhance phosphorus availability.For potassium fertilizer,a technical approach of sufficient basal application and topdressing at key growth stages was established combined with soil testing and plant diagnosis.Combined with the application of green agricultural inputs such as slow-release and controlled-release fertilizers and organic fertilizer substitution,the above technical model could maintain or increase potato yield while reducing chemical fertilizer application,significantly improve fertilizer use efficiency,and lower environmental risks.It provided technical support for the green and high-quality development of the potato industry.

Abstract:Overwintering zucchini in solar greenhouses is a key category for winter vegetable supply,mainly meeting market demand during the Spring Festival and early spring.The overwintering zucchini in solar greenhouses in Xiajin county,Shandong province,covers a large area and yields good benefits,contributing to the income increase of local farmers.This article summarized the integrated techniques for high-yield and quality improvement of overwintering zucchini.It proposed that through meticulous land preparation and fertilization,scientific seed selection,precise regulation of temperature,humidity,light,water and nutrient supply,as well as reasonable control of load,a dynamic balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants could be achieved,significantly increasing the fruit setting rate and the proportion of commercial zucchini.At the same time,a harmless pest and disease control system had been established,significantly reducing the use of chemical pesticides,ensuring the safety and quality of products,and providing an efficient and sustainable production model for practitioners in facility agriculture.

Abstract:Owing to its high moisture content,thin peel,and tender flesh,the black-skinned winter melon(Benincasa hispida)is highly prone to weight loss,wilting,browning,and decay during post-harvest handling,especially in fresh-cut processing,which significantly restricts its commercial circulation.In this study,freshly cut black-skinned winter melons were utilized as the experimental objects.The impacts of essential oils derived from three traditional Chinese herbal medicines(clove,cinnamon,and star anise),on the quality of black-skinned winter melons during the storage period were investigated.Key physiological and biochemical indices,including the weight loss rate,soluble sugar content,activities of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)and peroxidase(POD),and vitamin C content,were measured.Combined with a sensory evaluation system,the effects of different essential oil treatment groups on the quality of black-skinned winter melons during storage were analyzed.The results demonstrated that the sample treated with 1％cinnamon essential oil had the lowest weight loss rate(1.34％),the highest vitamin C retention rate(45.46％),a 31.59％decrease in PPO activity,and a 29.22％increase in POD activity compared with the control group.Sensory evaluation indicated that this treatment group maintained good tissue morphology and a fresh aroma even at the end of the storage period.This study verified that Chinese herbal essential oils achieve preservation effects through a dual mechanism of inhibiting enzymatic browning and regulating respiratory metabolism,providing a theoretical foundation for the development of natural preservatives for black-skinned winter melon.