Abstract:Polysaccharide bioactivity is closely associated with their molecular weight.Ultrasonic technology featuring simplicity,rapidity,environmental friendliness,and high efficiency has attracted increasing attention for degrading polysaccharides and enhancing their bioactivities.This review provided current advances in understanding ultrasonic degradation effects,mechanisms,and influencing factors.It demonstrated that ultrasonic degradation effectively modifies physicochemical properties by reducing molecular weight,solution viscosity,and particle size while improving solubility.Simultaneously,it induces structural changes in monosaccharide composition,molecular conformation,and crystallization patterns,thereby enhancing antioxidant,immunomodulatory,and hypoglycemic activities.The degradation mechanisms involve mechanical bond cleavage,cavitation effects,and free radical redox reactions,which are modulated by multiple factors including initial molecular weight,temperature,ultrasonic power,and frequency.Practical applications require parameter optimization based on polysaccharide type and desired outcomes.Current research predominantly focuses on limited polysaccharide types.Future directions include elucidating structure-activity relationships,exploring homologous polysaccharide degradation limits,developing targeted glycosidic bond cleavage strategies,analyzing structure-bioactivity correlations,expanding degradation conditions,constructing precise kinetic models,and advancing industrial applications to achieve precise degradation control.

Abstract:In this study,the effects of selenomethionine on the in vitro digestibility of myofibrillar protein(MP)in pearl gentian grouper were investigated using a static in vitro digestion model to simulate gastricointestinal digestion.The results showed that after simulated gastricointestinal digestion,the selenium content in the high-level selenomethionine group(Y2 group)was 0.130 mg/kg(gastric)and 0.072 mg/kg(intestinal),significantly higher than that in the control group(C group)and low-level selenomethionine group(Y1 group)(P<0.05).Specifically,the carbonyl content(2.02 nmol/mg and 2.59 nmol/mg),dityrosine content(3962 a.u.and 4062 a.u.),thiobarbituric acid(TBA)value(0.31 mg/kg and 0.32 mg/kg),and particle size(365 nm and 357 nm)in the Y2 group were significantly lower than those in the C and Y1 group(P<0.05).Additionally,the Y2 group exhibited higher UV absorption peak intensities and endogenous fluorescence intensities,indicating that high-level selenomethionine delayed MP oxidation and denaturation,thereby better maintaining the structural stability of MP during in vitro digestion.The in vitro digestibility(62.19%and 67.25%)and degree of hydrolysis(0.31 mmol/g and 0.34 mmol/g)in the Y1 group were significantly higher than those in the C and Y2 group(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementation with selenomethionine not only enhanced the antioxidant capacity of MP but also improved their in vitro digestibility,suggesting that selenomethionine has potential applications in enhancing the nutritional quality and stability of fish proteins.

Abstract:To simultaneously address the treatment and disposal issues of food industry production waste and low organic matter residual sludge,these two wastes were co-fermented.The performance of H0,H1,H2 and H3 co-fermentation systems under mass ratios of 0∶1.0,0.5∶1.0,1.0∶1.0 and 1.5∶1.0 was evaluated.Results indicated that food industry production waste introduction significantly reduced hydrolysis performance but enhanced acidification performance of the co-fermentation systems.In the H3 system,COD and volatile SCFAs concentrations reached their maximum,being 2.83-fold and 2.30-fold higher than those in H0,respectively.As food industry production waste dosage increased,NH4+—N concentration decreased markedly(31.9%of H0 in H3),while PO43-—P remained low(≤1.01 mg/L)due to Ca3(PO4)2 and CaNH4PO4 precipitates.Enzyme activities varied:protease,acid phosphatase,and butyrate kinase decreased;α-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase increased;dehydrogenase was less affected;acetate kinase initially rose then declined.Appropriate food industry production waste introduction also enriched functional microorganisms,including Firmicutes(dominant acetic acid-producing phylum,63.1%in H2),Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,and Bacteroidota.Thus,food industry production waste addition enables efficient acid production in low organic matter residual sludge co-fermentation systems.

Abstract:Barley polyphenols were prepared by fermentation(using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy-1)and enzymatic hydrolysis(with sulfatase),respectively.The phenolic profiles of fermented barley polyphenols(FBP)and enzymatic hydrolysis barley polyphenols(EBP)were analyzed.The antioxidant capacities and lipid-lowering effects of FBP and EBP were further investigated.The results showed that the total phenolic contents of EBP and FBP were 78.35 μg GAE/mL and 146.56 μg GAE/mL,respectively.The absolute concentrations of vanillin,benzoic acid,2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid,epicatechin,and salicylic acid differed significantly between the two barley polyphenol preparations.Under equivalent total phenol content conditions,vanillin,chlorogenic acid,and gallic acid were characteristic components of EBP,whereas benzoic acid,3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid,and epicatechin were characteristic components of FBP.Compared to EBP,the DPPH and ABTS+scavenging capacities of FBP were enhanced by 36.8%and 13.3%,respectively.At a total phenolic content of 20 μg GAE/mL,both FBP and EBP effectively reduced intravital lipid droplet,accumulation and decreased triglyceride(TG,23.3%and 27.9%reduction,respectively)levels in Caenorhabditis elegans.Furthermore,both FBP and EBP enhanced locomotor activity in C.elegans,thereby accelerating lipid catabolism,and exerted lipid-lowering effects by suppressing the aberrant activation of the SBP-1 signaling pathway.Notably,EBP showed a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway compared to FBP(P<0.05).In conclusion,under equivalent total phenolic content conditions,the compositional differences of barley polyphenols significantly modulated their antioxidant capacities and lipid-lowering activities.

Abstract:Pectinase-producing strain TS-1 and laccase-producing strain TS-2 were isolated from tobacco field soil and decayed tobacco stems.Morphological observation and molecular biological identification confirmed their taxo-nomic status as Aspergillus niger and Phanerodontia chrysosporium,respectively.Enzyme production conditions were optimized via single-factor experiments:for TS-1 pectinase production,the optimal parameters were tobacco stem powder concentration 50 g/L,fermentation temperature 30℃,and pH value 6.0;for TS-2 laccase produc-tion,the optimal conditions were tobacco stem powder concentration 50 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 concentration 0.6 g/L,and fermentation temperature 30℃.The hydrolysis conditions for pectin in expanded tobacco cut stems were opti-mized as crude pectinase dosage 240 U/g,hydrolysis time 4.0 h,liquid-to-solid ratio 1∶2,at 30℃;for lignin hydrolysis,the optimal conditions were crude laccase dosage 2.0 U/g,hydrolysis time 3.5 h,liquid-to-solid ratio 1∶2,at 30℃.The co-application of crude enzymes achieved optimal hydrolysis at pectinase dosage 170 U/g,laccase dosage 1.5 U/g,and hydrolysis time 3.0 h.Post-hydrolysis,the sensory evaluation score of expanded cut stems increased by 8.2 points compared to untreated samples,accompanied by a significant elevation in aroma con-stituent content.

Abstract:Starch was extracted from wheat doughs fermented for 0～120 min(0 min,30 min,60 min,90 min,and 120 min)to examine changes in its hydration capacity.The starch was then recombined with gluten to prepare reconstituted doughs,and the effects on dough water distribution,microstructure,and steamed bread specific vol-ume,textural properties,and sensory quality were analyzed.Results showed that starch water absorption capacity and solubility increased continuously with fermentation time,while swelling power initially rose and then declined,peaking at 7.05 g/g after 60 min.In the reconstituted doughs,strongly bound water(A21)and free water(A23)proportions decreased,while weakly bound water(A22)increased,indicating a conversion of strongly bound to weakly bound water.The gluten network became more uniform and continuous,with starch granules densely embedded.At 60 min,starch granules were uniformly integrated into the membranous gluten matrix,forming an ordered starch-gluten composite.Steamed bread specific volume,springiness,and resilience initially increased and then decreased,while hardness and chewiness showed the opposite trend.At 60 min,the steamed bread exhibited the best specific volume and textural properties,with the highest sensory score of 79.4.Moderate fermentation enhanced starch hydration capacity,thus improving steamed bread quality.

Abstract:To address corrosion issues in natural alkali brine collection pipelines,a composite anti-corrosion coating(EP+PDMS@SiO2)was prepared based on epoxy resin(EP)and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)as matrix materials,incorporated with octadecyltrichlorosilane(OTS)-modified nano-silica(n-SiO2)particles as fillers.The corrosion resistance of the coating was characterized via Tafel polarization analysis,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and mass loss method.Results indicated that the dosages of n-SiO2 particles and OTS(used as modifier)were critical factors influencing the corrosion resistance of EP+PDMS@SiO2 coatings,with optimal values of 2.1 g(for n-SiO2)and 0.5～1.0 mL(for OTS),respectively.When coated onto N80 steel coupons,the optimized EP+PDMS@SiO2 coating reduced the self-corrosion current and elevated the charge transfer resistance by three orders of magnitude,respectively.The corrosion rate decreased from 2.004 4%to 0.029 2%.These results demonstrate that the OTS-modified n-SiO2-reinforced anti-corrosion coating(EP+PDMS@SiO2)effectively inhibits corrosion in natural alkali brine collection pipelines.

Abstract:To elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the sensory quality differences in fermented filler tobacco leaves from Yunnan,we evaluated the sensory quality of six grades(B1,X1,C1,C2,C3,and C4)of post-fermentation filler tobacco leaves.Metabolomic profiling was performed using GC-MS,followed by comparative analysis via principal component analysis(PCA),orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),and KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis.The results revealed that,compared to other grades,C1 exhibited richer aroma,reduced irritation,and longer aftertaste.A total of 123 significantly different metabolites were identified between different parts of filler tobacco leaves,and 35 between different grades,primarily comprising heterocyclic compounds,aldehydes,ethers,carboxylic acids,and aromatic compounds.Notably,(E)-buta-2-enonitrile was a highly abundant and significantly different metabolite in all four comparison groups involving C1.The three metabolic pathways—cyanoamino acid metabolism,aromatic compound degradation,and butyric acid metabolism—were significantly enriched in the comparison groups involving C1.(E)-buta-2-enonitrile might contribute to metabolomic differences among different grades by modulating the accumulation and interaction of metabolites within these pathways,thereby leading to variations in sensory quality.

Abstract:Aroma-producing microorganisms were isolated from high-temperature Daqu,followed by morphological observation,molecular biological identification,and growth profile analysis.A highly aroma-producing strain JQ-3 was identified as Cyberlindnera jadinii.The optimal growth conditions were 30℃,initial pH value 5,and shaking speed 180 r/min,under which the maximum cell density was achieved.After 24 h fermentation of low-grade tobacco leaves,the number of aroma components increased from 26 to 43,primarily alcohols,ketones,and esters,with concentrations 12.75-fold,2.25-fold,and 4.29-fold higher than those in the control group.Key aroma components,including phenyl ethanol,solanone,megastigmatrienone,and dihydroactinidiolide,showed significant increases.Compared to the control group,cigarettes supplemented with extracts from fermented low-grade tobacco leaves exhibited improved aroma quality,increased aroma intensity,a fuller aroma profile,enhanced coordination,and elevated sensory quality.

Abstract:To expand the utilization of Zingiber striolatum(a characteristic plant resource)and enhance the value-added potential of its products,Zingiber striolatum polysaccharides(ZSP)were extracted from fresh Zingiber striolatum using aqueous extraction followed by ethanol precipitation.The extraction process was optimized via single-factor and response surface experiments,and the biological activities of ZSP were evaluated,including emulsifying property,antibacterial activity,heavy metal adsorption capacity,antioxidant activity,and hypoglycemic potential.The optimal extraction parameters were:particle size 80 mesh,solid-liquid ratio 1∶65,extraction temperature 75℃,extraction time 96 min,and ethanol volume 400 mL.Under these conditions,the ZSP yield was(3.89±0.01)%.The emulsifying property of ZSP increased with higher mass concentration,reaching a maximum of(76.14±1.33)%at 15 mg/mL.ZSP exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli,with inhibition zone diameter increasing at higher concentrations;at 50 mg/mL,the inhibition zone diameter was(2.35±0.02)cm.The adsorption capacities of ZSP for Cu2+,Cd2+and Pb2+increased at higher mass concentrations,reaching(17.26±0.41)mg/g,(21.19±0.33)mg/g,and(27.64±0.61)mg/g at 1.0 g/L,respectively.The scavenging activities of ZSP against ABTS+,DPPH,and·OH radicals increased with higher mass concentration,with scavenging rates of(52.10±0.01)%,(60.40±1.95)%,and(22.20±0.02)%at 3 mg/mL,respectively.The inhibitory activity of ZSP against α-glucosidase increased with higher mass concentration,reaching a maximum of(38.00±2.00)%at 1.0 mg/mL.Collectively,ZSP demonstrated significant potential in heavy metal adsorption and hypoglycemic activity,suggesting its promise for developing edible materials for heavy metal removal and antidiabetic functional products.

Abstract:The vehicle license plate recognition system is an intelligent traffic control system based on image and technique of character recognition. In this system, the original image is first transformed, compressed, enhanced and horizontally rectified, then, the license plate is fixed in a position and cut apart by verge examination, while the characteristic extracting and modle matching are usually used in character recognition. It shows that combined pretreatments and recognition techniques can improve the ability of recognition, and the combination of neural network and artificial intelligence under the principle of efficiency and practicality will be two major development trendencies of parttern recognition.

Abstract:Three South America Chenopodium quinoa Willd (black,red and ivory Chenopodium quinoa Willd)and a domestic Chenopodium quinoa Willd were used as experimental materials,and the main nutri-tional components,eight kinds of mineral elements(K,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)and phytochemicals (polyphenols,flavonoids,saponins)content of them were measured.The results showed that the nutritional composition of these four kinds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd was slightly different.Compared with common grains(wheat,rice,corn and millet),Chenopodium quinoa Willd contains lower starch,richer protein and fat,and was a good source of dietary fiber,polyphenols and flavonoids.

Abstract:Applying regular morphology combined with the technology of ITS sequence analysis,the identi-fication and phylogenetic analysis of the 4 cultivated strains and 5 wild morel isolates mainly collected from Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality were carried out.The study followed the sequence identifica-tion program required by data bank of multilocus sequence typing(MLST).The phylogenetic tree was con-structed with reliable sequences obtained from BLAST one-by-one comparison.The results suggested that the cultivated morel varieties were identified as Morchella importuna,M.sextelata and M.septimelata.In addition,5 wild isolates were identified as M.elata and M.importuna,respectively.