Abstract:Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy,and its early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient prognosis and survival rates.Radiomics,an emerging imaging analysis technology,enables the extraction of a large number of quantitative features from medical images,providing critical support for the diagnosis,prognostic assessment,and treatment decisions of esophageal cancer.This article provides a systematic review of the current applications and research progress of radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the curative effect of improved Ivor-Lewis operation.Methods 60 patients with esophageal cancer admitted to the Zhengzhou Ninth People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were divided into control group(open surgery)and observation group(modified Ivor-Lewis operation)with 30 patients in each group according to different treatment schemes.Assess patients' surgical outcomes quality of life scale for esophageal cancer(QLICP-ES)score and 5-year recurrence were evaluated.Results the obser vation group showed no significant difference in R0 resection rate and operative time compared with the control group(P＞0.05).However,the obser vation group exhibited lower intraoperative blood loss and shorter postoperative hospitalization duration,while having a higher number of lymph node dissections(P＜0.05).The QLICP-ES score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group 12 months after operation(P＜0.05).The incidence of complications and 5-year recurrence rate in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The improved Ivor-Lewis operation for patients with esophageal cancer has good curative effect and low complication rate,which is beneficial to improve the quality of life and reduce the recurrence 5 years after operation.This operation has high reference value for clinical treatment of esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Objective To construct an immune molecule-based prognostic model for predicting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy based on estimates of the types and characteristics of immune infiltrating cells within the tumor microenvironment(TME)in ESCC.construct an immune molecule-based prognostic model for predicting ESCC prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy.Methods The mRNA transcriptomic data of 179 ESCC samples(GSE53625)were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.The proportions of immune cell infiltration in 179 ESCC tissue were calculated using the CIBERSORT algorithm;unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed based on 22 immune infiltrating cell levels to identify key immune molecules associated with prognosis in different IIC groups.Based on the differential expression between IIC groups,a molecular prognostic TPM model was constructed,and the prognostic risk values(RS)of TPMpatients in each group were calculated.The predictive effect of TPMmodel on immune therapy response was validated further through multiple datasets(GSE 135222,GSE91061,IMvigor210).Kaplan-Meier curves were used to plot survival curves,and the Log-rank test was employed to assess differences in survival times between groups,with a test level of α=0.05.Results Among 179 ESCC samples,101 samples showed significantly infiltrated immune cells(P＜0.05).Through unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis,101 patients were divided into IIC-1,IIC-2,and IIC-3 groups.Among them,the overall survival time of patients in the IIC-3 group was significantly shorter than that of patients in the IIC-2 and IIC-1 groups at 5 years.Further analysis identified differentially expressed immune related molecules in the IIC 3 group,including CD8A,CD79A,and CXCL9,to construct a TPM model.Among the 101 patients,the high-risk RS group(32 cases)had the shortest overall survival time;the 26 independently validated ESCC samples showed a significant negative correlation between RS and patient prognosis(P=0.002).Conclusion The immune infiltrating cells within the ESCC tumor microenvironment exhibit heterogeneity,represented by CD8A,CD79A,and CXCL9,dictate anti-tumor immunity of ESCC patients,and are correlated with long-term outcome of ESCC patients,which could provide guidance for individualized immunotherapy of ESCC patients.

Abstract:Esophageal cancer(EC)is one of the most common malignant tumors.The number of new cases and deaths in China accounts for 53.7％and 55.35％of the total global figure respectively.As a region with high incidence of esophageal cancer,the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer is currently poor,and the treatment status is still unsatisfactory.In recent years,immunotherapy,as a new treatment for solid tumors,has been successfully applied in clinical settings,bringing new hope to cancer patients.Immunotherapy for esophageal cancer includes immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),tumor vaccines,and adoptive cell therapy.Among them,immune checkpoint inhibitors release immune cells to fight cancer by blocking the pathways that tumor cells use to shut down anti-tumor immune responses.The programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and its ligands are the main drugs that mediate tumor immunosuppression and have shown promising therapeutic effects in combination therapy.This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,targeted therapy,radiotherapy,and surgery in esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction(AEG)is a malignant tumour that originates at the junction of the oesophagus and the stomach.The incidence of AEG has been increasing globally,and it is challenging to diagnose at an early stage,with many patients presenting with locally advanced or metastatic tumours when diagnosed.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard treatment that can reduce tumour size and improve R0 resection and long-term survival rates.However,the efficacy of chemotherapy is limited,and the toxic side effects are significant.In recent years,immunotherapy has emerged as a prominent area of research in the context of preoperative treatment for AEG,particularly in patients with locally advanced AEG.The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy has demonstrated considerable therapeutic potential in this setting.This combination regimen has been demonstrated to increase the rate of pathologic complete response(pCR),while also enhancing the immune response and improving the survival prognosis of patients.Nevertheless,further research is required to address individual differences and immune-related adverse events(irAEs).This review focus on the research progress of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in AEG in recent years,and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this approach and explore the possibility of individualised treatment.

Abstract:Objective An analysis was conducted on the risk and protective factors associated with pulmonary infections following esophageal cancer surgery.Subsequently,a nomogram prediction model was developed to offer theoretical guidance for the precise administration of early antibiotic therapy in the postoperative management of esophageal cancer patients.Methods A thorough investigation was performed involving 300 patients who received radical resection for esophageal cancer at our institution from December 2020 to December 2024.Based on the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary infections,the patients were categorized into two groups:the infection group,comprising 114 cases,and the control group,consisting of 186 cases.To identify risk and protective factors associated with postoperative pulmonary infections,both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed.Utilize the R programming language to partition the dataset into a training set and a validation set,adhering to an 8:2 split ratio.Subsequently,develop a nomogram prediction model and conduct internal validation of the model.The model's predictive capability was evaluated through ROC analysis,calibration graphs,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit assessment,and clinical utility examination.Results The factors of age,smoking history,diabetes history,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease history,presence of an anastomotic fistula,and the duration of the surgical procedure were identified as independent risk factors for the development of pulmonary infections following esophageal cancer surgery(P＜0.05).Conversely,the postoperative administration of high-grade antibiotics emerged as an independent protective factor,demonstrating a significant association with the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infections in esophageal cancer patients(P＜0.05).Based on this,establish a column chart model for postoperative infection risk;Through ROC curve analysis indicated that within the training set,the area under the curve(AUC)for the model was 0.75(95%CI:0.68～0.83),while the AUC for the validation set was 0.80(95%CI:0.72～0.88),thereby affirming the model's robust predictive capability.The calibration curve training set Hosmer Lemeshow test has a P value of 0.232,and the validation set Hosmer Lemeshow test has a P value of 0.237,both of which are P＞0.05.This prediction model has good accuracy and fitting degree;The decision curve indicates that the model can produce better clinical benefits when the training set is within the risk threshold probability range of(0.12～0.81)and the validation set is within the risk threshold probability range of(0.05～0.83).Conclusion The nomogram model constructed in this study has high predictive power for postoperative lung infection in esophageal cancer,and early use of advanced antibiotics after surgery can effectively prevent infection.

Abstract:Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for esophageal cancer.However,due to the lack of obvious symptoms in the early stages,most patients are not eligible for surgery when they visit the doctor.Therefore,comprehensive therapies such as chemoradiotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy are crucial for controlling advanced esophageal cancer.Targeted therapy has significantly improved efficacy and reduced adverse reactions by identifying genetic variations or epigenetic characteristics of tumor cells.This review integrates the current main targeted treatment strategies for esophageal cancer and explores other emerging targets and technical methods,aiming to provide references for the development of novel targeted treatment strategies for esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of sindelizumab combined with paclitaxel-cisplatin(TP)chemotherapy in advanced esophageal cancer.Methods 80 patients with advanced esophageal cancer admitted to Hebi People's Hospital from June 2022 to December 2023 were divided randomly into control group(only received TP chemotherapy)and observation group(received Sindilumab combined with TP chemotherapy on the basis of control group),with 40 cases in each.The clinical efficacy,programmed death-1(PD-1)and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)in blood levels,serum tumor marker levels,incidence of adverse reactions and 1 a survival rate were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the levels of PD-1,PD-L1 and tumor markers in both groups decreased,and the levels were lower in observation group than those in control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 87.5%,and the 1-year survival rate was 32.50%,which were significantly higher than 67.50%and 12.50%ofthe control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment(P＞0.05).The survival curves of the two groups were drawn by Kaplan-Meier method.The 1-year survival rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(Log-rank χ2=6.901,P=0.009).Conclusion Sindilizumab combined with TP chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer patients,which can effectively reduce the levels of PD-1,PD-L1 and tumor markers,and significantly improve the 1-year survival rate,with certain safety.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of auricular point pressing with beans combined with emotional care on sleep quality,psychological resilience,and self-efficacy in esophageal cancer patients during chemotherapy.Methods 138 esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Anyang Cancer Hospital from August 2023 to December 2024 were divided randomly into a control group(receiving routine care)and a observation group(receiving auricular point pressing with beans combined with emotional care on the basis of routine care),69 patients in each.Sleep quality,psychological resilience,self-efficacy,and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results After the intervention,the scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and the Esophageal Cancer-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire(QLQ-OES18)decreased in both groups,while the scores on all dimensions and the total scores of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)and the Chinese version of the Strategies Used by People to Promote Health(SUPPH)scale increased(P＜0.05).The scores on all items of the PSQI and the scores on the eating and pain aspects of the QLQ-OES18 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,while the scores on all dimensions of the CD-RISC and SUPPH scales were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Auricular point pressing with beans combined with emotional care can effectively improve sleep quality,and enhance psychological resilience,self-efficacy,and quality of life in esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and targeted therapy as first-line treatment regimens in patients with advanced metastatic esophageal cancer.Methods By systematically searching multiple databases such as PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library,information on different treatment options for advanced metastatic esophageal cancer was collected and analyzed.Cochrane risk-of-bias tool(RevMan 5.4)was employed to evaluate the quality of the included literature,and RStudio and RevMan 5.4 software were conducted to a network meta-analysis,to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of different treatment regimens.This study used Bayesian model for frequency analysis,to complete the corresponding network meta-analysis.Results A total of 60 studies were included,involving 24 681 patients and 42 different treatment options.Among them,there are 27 randomized controlled trials involving 9 730 patients.The results showed that the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy ranked well,among which the"durvalumab+tremelimumab+paclitaxel+cisplatin"regimen,"camrelizumab+paclitaxel+cisplatin"regimen,and"toripalimab+paclitaxel+cisplatin"regimen all achieved good progression-free survival advantages.Conclusion In patients with advanced metastatic esophageal cancer,immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy yielded superior progression-free survival compared to both conventional chemotherapy and chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy of balloon dilation in treating dysphagia caused by late radiation-induced esophagitis(LRE)following radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.Methods 30 patients with dysphagia caused by LRE were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group,with 15 cases in each.The observation group received conventional swallowing training followed by catheter balloon dilation therapy,while the control group received only conventional swallowing training.The treatment duration was 4 weeks.Before and after 4 weeks of therapy,a videofluoroscopic swallowing study was performed,and swallowing function was assessed using the Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS)and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale(DOSS).Quality of life was evaluated using the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire(SUAL-QOL).Results After 4 weeks of treatment,both groups showed significant improvements in FOIS grades,DOSS grades,and SWAL-QOL scores compared to pre-treatment levels(P＜0.05).Moreover,the observation group demonstrated superior outcomes to the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Catheter balloon dilation significantly improves therapeutic efficacy in patients with dysphagia caused by LRE after esophageal cancer radiotherapy,enhancing oral intake ability.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the predictive value of intraoperative submucosal vascular density and postoperative dynamic monitoring of interleukin-6(IL-6)for stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)in early esophageal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 376 patients with early esophageal cancer who underwent ESD surgery in Luoyang Central Hospital from September 2021 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Submucosal vascular density,IL-6 levels at 1 d and 5 d after operation were counted and analyzed;the difference of IL-6 between 1 d and 5 d after operation(postoperative ΔIL-6)was calculated.The incidence rate of stricture after ESD in patients with different vascular density and IL-6 levels was compared.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of stricture after ESD in early esophageal cancer,and the predictive efficacy of each index on stricture after ESD in early esophageal cancer was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The submucosa vascular density in 376 patients with early esophageal cancer was(37.57±7.96)mm-2,and the levels of IL-6 at 1 d and 5 d after operation were(4.12±0.92)ng·mL-1 and(3.31±1.15)ng·mL-1 respectively,and the postoperative ΔIL-6 was(0.81±0.10)ng·mL-1.Within three months after ESD,the incidence rate of stenosis after ESD in the 376 patients was 19.15%(72/376).The incidence rates of stenosis in the high submucosa vascular density group and the high IL-6 group(1 d and 5 d after operation)were higher than those in the corresponding low level groups(P<0.05),while the incidence rate of stenosis in the high ΔIL-6 group was lower than that in the low ΔIL-6 group(P<0.05).The proportion of lesions with longitudinal length≥40 mm,lesion infiltration depth of M3+SM1,lesion circumference≥3/4 and muscularis propria injury in the stenosis group were higher than those in the non-stenosis group(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high intraoperative submucosa vascular density,high IL-6 at 1 d and 5 d after operation,lesion longitudinal length≥40 mm,lesion infiltration depth M3+SM1,lesion circumference≥3/4 and muscularis propria injury were risk factors for stricture after ESD in early esophageal cancer(P<0.05),while high postoperative ΔIL-6 was a protective factor(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity(95.83%)and area under the curve(0.946)of intraoperative submucosa vascular density combined with postoperative ΔIL-6 in predicting postoperative stenosis after ESD in early esophageal cancer were higher than those of single prediction(P<0.05),while the specificity of combined prediction(90.79%)was similar to that of single prediction.Conclusion Intraoperative submucosal vascular density and postoperative IL-6 level are risk factors for postoperative stenosis after ESD in early esophageal cancer,and both of them can effectively predict postoperative stenosis,and the combined prediction has higher clinical value.

Abstract:In 2025,breakthrough progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer,including innovations in the treatment paradigm for locally advanced disease,continuous optimization and innovation of multi-line therapeutic regimens for advanced esophageal cancer,and exploration of efficacy predictive biomarkers,showing an increasingly precise and individualized development trend.This paper systematically reviews important domestic and international clinical studies related to esophageal cancer treatment published in 2025,so as to provide references for current clinical decision-making.

Abstract:China is among the global regions with a high burden of esophageal cancer.The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in China exhibited a rising trend prior to 2010,followed by a substantial and sustained decline in the subsequent period.Emerging breakthroughs in etiological studies,particularly the definitive identification of oral microorganisms(e.g.,Porphyromonas gingivalis)as critical pathogenic contributors to esophageal carcinogenesis,have established a solid theoretical foundation for the optimization of prevention,treatment and rehabilitation strategies for esophageal cancer patients.Oral hygiene,as a key indicator for high-risk population screening,has been incorporated into the Plan for Esophageal Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis and Treatment issued by the National Health Commission.To standardize the whole-course oral hygiene management throughout the full workflow of esophageal cancer prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment and rehabilitation,the Committee of Infectious Tumors of the China Anti-Cancer Association assembled a panel of domestic multidisciplinary experts.Following multiple rounds of in-depth deliberation and iterative revision,this guideline was formulated based on a systematic review of the latest domestic and international evidence,with full consideration of the current status and practical demands of clinical practice in China.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-assisted subcostal transversus abdominis plane block(OTAPB)combined with rectus sheath block(RSB)for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy of esophageal cancer(EC).Methods 80 patients scheduled for elective thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy at Anyang Cancer Hospital between November 2023 and May 2024 were prospectively randomized into two groups:the TP group(ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia,n=40)and the OR group(ultrasound-guided oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane block combined with rectus sheath block and general anesthesia,n=40).Both groups underwent nerve block procedures after anesthesia induction,using 40 mL of 0.25%ropivacaine.Postoperatively,patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was provided to all patients.Primary outcomes included:visual analogue scale(VAS)scores at rest and during cough at 2 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,18 h,and 24 h postoperatively;number of PCA presses and rescue analgesia requirements within 24 h;and duration of nerve block procedure.Secondary outcomes included:MAP,HR,and PPI at predefined timepoints,surgical site,duration,intraoperative opioid and vasopressor use,and complications related to nerve block(hematoma,local anesthetic toxicity,infection)within 24 h postoperatively.Results Compared with the TP group,the OR group had significantly fewer PCA presses(P<0.05)and lower rescue analgesia requirements(P<0.05)within 24 h postoperatively.Additionally,the OR group demonstrated lower VAS scores at rest(4 h,8 h,12 h,18 h)and during cough(2 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,18 h)(P<0.05).The duration of the nerve block procedure was also shorter in the OR group(P<0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided OTAPB+RSB is a more convenient technique that effectively manages postoperative abdominal incisional pain in patients undergoing thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy,reducing postoperative pain scores.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1(FSP1)in esophageal cancer,its relationship with prognosis,the mechanism by which it mediates 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)chemotherapy resistance,and the chemosensitizing effect of the FSP1 inhibitor(iFSP1).Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)was used to analyze FSP1 expression and its prognostic significance in esophageal cancer.Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect FSP1 expression in esophageal cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues.A 5-FU resistant esophageal cancer cell line was established using the concentration gradient method.Western blot was used to detect FSP1 protein expression in the resistant cells.Cell immunofluorescence,flow cytometry,CCK-8 assay,and colony formation assay were employed to evaluate the reversal effect of iFSP1 on chemoresistance in esophageal cancer.Results FSP1 was highly expressed in esophageal cancer tissues and was associated with poor prognosis.FSP1 protein expression was increased in 5-FU resistant esophageal cancer cells.High FSP1 expression was closely correlated with resistance to 5-FU chemotherapy.Treatment with a specific FSP1 inhibitor enhanced ferroptosis in tumor cells and increased the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to 5-FU.Conclusion FSP1 mediates 5-FU chemotherapy resistance in esophageal cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis in tumor cells.Targeting FSP1 may reverse chemotherapy resistance in esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the infiltration or expression levels of M2 macrophages and their related key genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),and to assess their impact on the prognosis of ESCC patients.Methods The ESCC gene expression matrix was obtained from the TCGA database.Basingon Rstudio,the infiltration level of M2 macrophages in ESCC tissues was assessed with the immune infiltration CIBERSORT package,and the key genes related to M2 macrophages were identified through difference analysis with the Limma package.Finally,the influence of M2 macrophages infiltration level and related keys on the prognosis of ESCC patients was evaluated by survⅣal package.Results Studies have shown that there are differences in the infiltration levels of 22 types of immune cells in ESCC tissue,among which M2 macrophages have relatively higher infiltration levels and are significantly correlated with poorer survival rates.FOLR2,as a key gene,is highly expressed in ESCC tissues and is closely related to pathological grading,clinical staging,TP53 mutation and poor prognosis.Single-cell data analysis suggests that FOLR2 is mainly expressed in macrophages.Conclusion M2 macrophages play an important role in ESCC studies,and FOLR2 can be used as an effective biomarker and potential therapeutic target for ESCC.

Abstract:Objective To fabricate a biomimetic nanoparticle,that is enveloped by the membrane of tumor cells and to explore the photothermal effect and its impact on esophageal cancer cells.Methods Encapsulation of esophageal cancer cell membrane onto nano core surface using liposome extruder to synthe-size nanoparticles,CCM@PLGA-PEG-OXA-ICG(CCM@POI NPs).The morphology,particle size,Zeta potential,and other physical and chemical characteristics of this nanoparticle were analyzed.Additionally,the photothermal effect and temperature stability under 808nm near-infrared laser irradiation were investigated.Its impact on the proliferation,migration,and invasion ability of esophageal cancer cells.was studied.Results The CCM@POI NPs nanoparticles were successfully synthesized,which exhibit rapid heating capa-bilities upon 808nm near-infrared laser irradiation and demonstrate excellent photothermal cycling perform-ance.The combined application of photothermal therapy significantly suppresses the proliferation,migration,and invasion of esophageal cancer cells.Conclusion The combination of CCM@POI NPs biomimetic nan-oparticles and photothermal therapy can enhance anti-tumor effects and provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Objective To identify the risk factors associated with pulmonary infections following thoracoscopic-assisted radical esophagectomy via the right thoracic approach.Methods Clinical data were collected from patients who underwent thoracoscopic-assisted radical esophagectomy using a right thoracic approach in our hospital,between February 2023 and April 2024 and were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of postoperative pulmonary infections.Methods Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to identify potential risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infections,and the underlying pathological mechanisms were explored.Results A total of 86 patients with esophageal cancer were included,of whom 18(20.9%)developed postoperative pulmonary infections.Univariate regression analysis indicated that age≥60 years,abnormal body mass index(BMI),a history of smoking≥600 cigarettes annually,pre-existing lung disease,diabetes mellitus,operative time≥4 h,and preoperative serum albumin levels<40 g·L-1 were significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary infections(P<0.05),and that prolonged operative time,pre-existing lung disease,and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infections(P<0.05).Conclusion The risk of lung infection in patients with prolonged operation time,basic lung diseases and diabetes after right thoracic approach thoracoscopic assisted radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is significantly increased.Targeted preventive measures can help reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infections.

Abstract:Followed by neoadjuvant therapy,patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer will un-dergo radical surgical resection after a time interval,which is mainly to allow the tumor regression within it,to increase the R0 resection rate,pathological complete response rate and long-term survival.Secondly,a certain interval of time can maximize the recovery from toxicities caused by preoperative therapy and reduce the incidence of perioperative complications.However,a long interval before operation will increase the risk of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis,and the continuous fibrosis after tumor regression will increase the difficulty of surgery.The optimal timing of surgery is inconclusive.This article reviews and analyzes relevant literature and research,and elaborates on the selection of surgical timing after neoadjuvant therapy,hoping to provide reference for clinical work and further research,thereby improving the survival benefits of esophageal cancer patients.