Abstract:Rare ancient trees in the alpine region of western Xizang possess significant ecological,scientific and so-cial value,However,current knowledge about the baseline information and growth conditions of these resources re-mains insufficient.Using dendrochronological method,this paper investigated the baseline resources of scattered an-cient cypresses in Angren county,Rikaze.A total of 20 scattered ancient cypresses were discovered,including 1 in first-class protection,3 in second-class and 16 in third-class.The majority of these trees are distributed in the south-eastern part of the county,with 13 in Duobai and Kaga town,5 in Daju and Yamu town,and only 2 in Sangsang and Xiongba town.Narrow rings occurred synchronously in many cypresses across different periods,whereas wide rings occurred mostly between 1989 and 2006.The tree ring growth pattern,including stable period,fluctuating period,suppressive period,releasing period and growth trend showed both synchronicity and variability.These results sug-gested their spatial distribution pattern characterized by a"higher density in southeastern river valleys,scattered in-dividuals in remote mountains,,and large ones near temples".The ancient cypresses have developed diverse ecologi-cal resilience among individuals in response to climatic change and natural disturbances over centuries.The findings have enriched the baseline information about ancient cypresses in western Xizang,providing data support for the ar-chival work of famous and notable trees.

Abstract:To screen high-quality fresh-edible maize varieties suitable for agricultural areas of plateau valleys in southern Xizang,a field comparison experiment was conducted in Lhoka,Xizang(3560m)in 2024,involving 19 tested varieties(including sweet maize and waxy maize).By accurately observing key phenological stages,calculat-ing the full growth period and silking-to-harvest interval combined with cluster analysis and variance statistical methods,the ecological variety adaptability was comprehensively evaluated.The results showed significant differ-ences in the full growth period among the tested varieties,ranging from 123 to 146 days,with a range of 23 days.Systematic cluster analysis categorized the tested varieties into three ecological groups:early-maturing(≤128 days),medium-maturing(132 to 139 days)and late-maturing (≥140 days).Silking-to-harvest interval duration ranged from 44 to 58 days,with 84.2％of the varieties falling within the ideal window of 47 to 55 days for premium quality formation.Comprehensive evaluation demonstrated that early-maturing groups such as"Jinyinzao No.1"(full growth period of 127 days,harvest date at Aug,31th),"Jingcai Tezao 718"(full growth period of 123 days)and"Baitiannuo 79"(full growth period of 128 days)exhibited highly synchronized growth process with the local frost-free period,along with excellent agronomic adaptability,making them recommended as predominant varieties for lo-cal promotion.In contrast,late-maturing groups such as"Jinjinglong No.2"(full growth period of 146 days)were poorly recommended due to their excessively long growth period,leading to high risk of exposure to low tempera-ture and early frost.This study had established a phenology-based evaluation system for the adaptability of fresh-edi-ble maize in plateau areas,providing scientific basis and technical support for variety introduction and promotion in similar ecological zones.

Abstract:This paper has analyzed an asphyxiation fatality caused by differential pressure valve failure in the liq-uid outlet pipe of a buried storage tank at an LPG(liquefied petroleum gas)refueling station.Through on-site inves-tigation,the accident process is reconstructed,and the key role of the differential pressure valve in the LPG refueling system along with its failure causes are examined.The direct correlation between personnel violations and safety man-agement loopholes is highlighted.Based on industry standard,suggestions for technical improvement and emergency management optimization are proposed to provide reference for preventing similar accidents at stations of the kind.

Abstract:Objective/Significance Focusing on the value empowerment of large model technology for the intelli-gent construction of grassroots libraries in Xizang,this paper has explored the construction path and management mechanism for a technology-driven intelligent service system to form a complete framework of"technology adapta-tion-service reconstruction-management guarantee-effectiveness evaluation",providing reference to solve problems including insufficient service coverage,inadequate cultural exchange and mutual learning,and untimely response to user needs in grassroots libraries in Xizang.Methods/Process To adress the special needs of grassroots public cul-tural service in Xizang,this paper uses methods such as literature analysis,field investigation and case verification to analyze the problems existing in cultural inheritance,service modes,regional adaptation and intelligent construc-tion wihthin these libraries.Results/Conclusion Grassroots libraries in Xizang have already laid digital foundation for intelligent construction,but there still exist shortcomings in terms of resource activation degree,service accuracy degree and technology adaptation,making it difficult to fully meet the public cultural demand and cultural inheri-tance mission.With the development of information network technology and in-depth application of large models,continuous optimization is needed in the aspects of resources,service,management and culture to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the grassroots public cultural service system in Xizang.

Abstract:The southern periphery of Lhoka boasts abundant wind energy resources.With the social-economic de-velopment and influence of distinctive terrain and microclimate,there exists a growing demand for electricity and ra-tional development of clean energy resources.In forested regions,"wind-solar complementary"energy supply sys-tem can be implemented in locations such as forest fire monitoring stations,meteorological observation stations,management and protection offices,grazing sites and tourist destinations to achieve the"zero-carbon"operation,which plays a crucial role in enhancing environmental quality in border DB areas and addressing climate change.This paper has selected remote forested regions ranging from 2,800 to 3,800m as pilot sites to explore the feasibility of adopting an wind-solar complementary energy structure.The results reveal that the altitude between 2,800 and 3,800m exhibits a superior wind energy contribution rate and more stable wind energy resources,and the performance of wind-solar complementary system is proved to be effective,providing feasible reference for the effective utiliza-tion of clean energy in similar regions.

Abstract:New quality productive forces serve as a new engine for driving regional economic development and hold profound significance for promoting urban-rural integration in border and ethnic regions.This paper utilizes panel da-ta from seven cities and prefectures between 2016 and 2021 in Xizang to empirically examine the impact effect and mechanisms of new quality productive forces on urban-rural integration development.The research findings indicate that new quality productive forces have exerted significantly positive driving effect on urban-rural integration devel-opment in Xizang,a conclusion that remains valid after a series of robustness tests.Mechanism analysis reveals that new quality productive forces indirectly empower urban-rural integration primarily through three ways:promoting technological innovation,improving infrastructure construction and facilitating high-quality talent flow.Based on the findings,this paper proposes policy recommendations including focusing on key areas to increase factor input,opti-mizing institutional supply to stimulate innovation vitality and strengthening infrastructure connectivity,aiming to provide theoretical and practical reference for urban-rural integration development in Xizang and other ethnic regions.

Abstract:Alpine grasslands in northern Xizang are core components of the ecological security barrier on the Qing-hai-Xizang Plateau.Their degradation has directly threatened regional ecological security and sustainable develop-ment of pastoral areas.In this study,Nakchu was taken as the research area to quantitively reveal the degradation sta-tus,driving mechanism and effect of ecological restoration measures for alpine grasslands.Based on the local statis-tical yearbook data,field surveys and expert questionnaires,the fractional vegetation coverage(FVC)grading meth-od was used to evaluate their degradation level;the ecological service value equivalent factor method was used to evaluate its functional changes,and the contribution of each driving factor was clarified.The results showed that:(1)Alpine grassland degradation in Nakchu from 2000 to 2010 exhibited a spatialtemporal pattern of"first increas-ing and then decreasing",but the formation of local"black soil patch"had been aggravating,and the ecological pro-tection measures had achieved certain results.Monitoring data in 2023 showed that undegraded grasslands in Na-kchu dropped to below 50%,mildly degraded grasslands accounted for approximately 30%,and severely or extreme-ly degraded ones accounted for around 15%.(2)Overgrazing and rodent pest damage were the two major human factors leading to grassland degradation,with their contribution rate at 45%～60%and 20%～30%,respectively.Cli-mate change and mineral exploitation contributed 15%～20%and 10%～15%,respectively.(3)Ecological restoration measures such as fencing enclosure and shallow ploughing could significantly increase vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass.A systematic governance model with"grass-livestock balance as the core,engineering resto-ration as the means,and policies and regulations as the guarantee"was proposed,which was a feasible path to re-verse the alpine grassland degradation in Nakchu and realize the coordinated development of ecology and animal husbandry.

Abstract:Objective This paper aims to construct an identification method for the technique themes in the solar energy industry and deeply explore their evolution paths,addressing challenges such as unclear themes and ambigu-ous development paths in the process of technique development,which helps provide reference for policymakers,ad-ministrative departments and practitioners in this field.Methods Taking technical papers in the solar energy industry as the research object,an analytical framework of"paper vectorization-stage clustering-global vector-global sim-ilarity calculation"is designed.A model integrating"Word2Vec+TF-IDF+K-means"has been innovatively con-structed for feature vector generation,theme clustering and theme identification.The evolution paths of solar energy industry techniques have been identified through similarity calculation.Results The research finds that the"Word2Vec+TF-IDF+K-means"model can more accurately depict technical papers and identify technical themes.The results show that solar energy techniques have shifted from"single device innovation"to"intelligent system synergy".Photovoltaic materials have been upgraded and replaced from crystalline silicon to thin films and perovskite.The photovoltaic grid system has formed development paths of"supplementary power source-main power source","unidirectional flow-multi-directional interaction"and"passive adaptation to the grid-active sup-port for the grid",presenting a composite pattern of"multi-dimensional gradient technical evolution+networked and intelligent synergy"overall.Approach Future research would utilize models based on semantic relations such as BERT and STM to conduct in-depth analysis on papers and patents relatd to solar energy techniques,and explore their evolution characteristics and development trend.

Abstract:Due to its unique natural geographical environment and eccentric climate,Xizang is one of the regions where meteorological disasters occur frequently and cause serious harm in China.This paper has systematically ana-lyzed the formation mechanism,classification methods and distribution characteristics of major meteorological di-sasters(droughts,floods,snow disasters,frosts,hailstorms,gales and thunderstorms)in Xizang,and comprehensive prevention countermeasures are proposed based on this.The research shows that meteorological disasters in Xizang exhibit obvious seasonality and quasi-periodicity in temporal distribution,while showing significant regional differ-ences in spatial distribution.Areas along rivers,northeastern and southern Xizang are the high-incidence areas of dif-ferent disasters.In view of the characteristics of major meteorological disasters in Xizang,this paper has constructed a comprehensive prevention system including monitoring and early warning,disaster prevention and mitigation,risk assessment and emergency management to provide scientific reference for meteorological disaster prevention,re-duce disaster losses and ensure sustainable regional development in Xizang.

Abstract:Four newly recorded species of Ennominae newly discovered in Nyingtri,Xizang are recorded in this pa-per,which are Ophthalmitis cordularia(Swinhoe,1893),Amphidasys superans(Butler,1878),Euryobeidia langui-data and Dalima metachromata(Walker,1862).Detailed description of external adult morphology and genitalia characteristics are provided,accompanied by illustrations of genitalia and adult specimens,as well as their distribu-tion at home and abroad.The documentation of the four newly recorded species of Ennominae from Xizang has en-riched regeional biodiversity,filled gaps in regional species distribution,and enhanced baseline resource informa-tion about Ennominae in Xizang,providing new data support for insect diversity studies in Xizang and across China,contributing to refining the geographical distribution map of Ennominae and offering foundational support for re-gional studies,precise identification,as well as prevention and control of Ennominae-related agricultural and forest-ry pests in Xizang.

Abstract:This paper focuses on the red archives during the Peaceful Liberation of Xizang(1949-1952).In response to the current situation where the archive exploration during this period was limited to traditional forms such as texts,with insufficient data and application-layer exploration,this paper has conducted research on the knowledge graph construction.Taking documents such as Peaceful Liberation of Xizang and related telegrams as data sources,the paper processes the data through OCR conversion,Jieba word segmentation and manual cleaning.CIDOC CRM metadata are reused,unique metadata are constructed,ontology modeling is completed using Protégé,visualization is realized with Neo4j,and tools such as HanLP are introduced to improve recognition accuracy.The paper has orga-nized archive retrieval and application from three dimensions-time,figures and location,contributing to the dissemi-nation of red culture and providing reference for related researches.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical value of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)concept in the perioperative period of laparoscopic hepatectomy in plateau areas.Methods The clinical data of 49 patients under-going laparoscopic hepatectomy in the Department of General Surgery of People's hospital of Xizang autonomous from July,2023 to August,2024 were retrospectively analyzed,who were divided into the ERAS group(25 cases)and the control group(24 cases)according to whether the ERAS concept model was applied in the perioperative pe-riod,and the relevant clinical indicators of the two groups were compared.Results Some clinical data were compa-rable between the two groups.Compared with the control group,there were no statistical differences in terms of in-traoperative blood loss,operation time,anal recovery exhaust time or complications in the ERAS group(all P>0.05).However,the ERAS group was significantly better than the control group in terms of postoperative drain re-moval time,postoperative hospital stay,CRP level around the 3rd or 5th day after surgery,with statistical signifi-cances(all P<0.05)(figure 1 and 2).In terms of total hospitalization cost,the ERAS group was superior,but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion The ERAS concept plays a significant role in the perioperative period for patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy in plateau areas,which can significantly reduce the postop-erative stress response of patients,relatively lower the incidence of postoperative complications,thus shortening their postoperative hospital stay and cutting the total hospitalization cost.

Abstract:With the continuous upgrading of mining equipment,the shortcomings of traditional DC(direct current)motors and AC(alternating current)asynchronous motors have gradually been exposed.In contrast,PMSMs(perma-nent magnet synchronous motors)offer advantages such as stronger power output capabilities,wider speed regula-tion range and lower energy consumption,which have made permanent magnet traction motors an important devel-opment direction for the driving systems of mining transportation equipment,gradually replacing traditional DC mo-tors and AC asynchronous motors.This paper has discussed methods to suppress the cogging torque in PMSMs and analyzes their theoretical basis and calculation process.By establishing a parameterized model of the pole arc coeffi-cient for PMSMs,the cogging torque is reduced by methods such as slot opening size optimization,V-shaped angle of permanent magnets and pole arc coefficient,thereby minimizing torque ripple.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified through finite element simulation,demonstrating a notable improvement in the efficien-cy of permanent magnet motors for mining electric locomotives,along with a significant reduction in both cogging torque and torque ripple.

Abstract:Objective To verify the origin of Tibetan ephedra ointment and establish its quality standard.Methods The origin of Tibetan ephedra ointment was determined through literature from ancient and modern times,market re-search and expert consultation.The properties of six batches of ephedra ointment from different oringins were identi-fied.The TLC(thin-layer chromatography)method was used to distinguish ephedra and ephedrine hydrochloride in ephedra ointment.Results It was found that ephedra ointment originated from the dried above-ground part of Ephe-dra saxatilis Royle ex Florin,Ephedra gerardiana Wall and Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Mey from Ephedra genus of Ephedraceae family,characterized by a strong smell and bitter taste.The six batches of ephedra ointment exhibited consistent properties,strong specificity,clear spots and notable separation effect by the TLC method.Conclusion This method is simple and highly accurate,and can be used for the quality control of ephedra ointment.

Abstract:To build a climate quality evaluation system for agricultural products in Lhoka and facilitate the transfor-mation of the ecological value of climate-specific agricultural products,recently,the city has systematically carried out climate quality evaluation on agricultural products.Based on the previous research on the city's distinctive agri-cultural products,it is found that the"Lecanglian"tea series from Lebu Valley has shown a positive trend of simulta-neous improvement in economic benefits and market reputation in recent years,making it well-suited for climate quality evaluation.This report has comprehensively used meteorological data from the automatic meteorological sta-tion in Mama town,production data such as output,plantation area and output value of"Lecanglian"tea,quality data such as tea polyphenol and amino acid,as well as professional tea testing reports.Combining with advanced techni-cal methods a detailed calculation,in-depth analysis and comprehensive evaluation are carried out on the climate quality index of"Lecanglian"tea in Cuona from 2016 to 2024..After conducting the climate quality evaluation on the tea planting base and products in Lebu Valley,it is concluded that the"Lecanglian"tea series performs excellent-ly in terms of comprehensive quality and climate suitability,demonstrating obvious advantages in many aspects such as climate suitability,and meeting the standards of high-quality agricultural products.Based on the scientific climate quality evaluation index system for grading,the"Lecanglian"tea series has been successfully rated as"supe-rior"agricultural product.

Abstract:To enhance the yak production performance in Xizang,120 Ashidan yak breeding cattle(including 20 bulls and 100 cows)were introduced from Qinghai Yak Breeding and Promotion Service Center,and were reared at Gesangtang Yak Breeding Farm in Linzhou,Lhasa for adaptability observation.Observation on the growth and de-velopment of Ashidan yaks reared in Lhasa,Xizang revealed that after 6 months of introduction(at 2.5 years old),the average weight of bulls reached 196.86±9.47 kg,while cows averaged 164.16±2.45 kg.After 18 months of in-troduction(at 3.5 years old),the average weight of bulls reached 288.39±4.02 kg,while cows averaged 216.35±2.01 kg.A comparative study on the body size and body weight between introduced Ashidan yaks and those in their original habitats revealed excellent adaptability of Ashidan yaks in Lhasa,Xizang,indicating that Ashidan yaks are suitable for introduction into Lhasa,Xizang.

Abstract:Located in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River canyon,Motuo County in Xizang boasts a complete vertical ecosystem and rich biodiversity.The unique natural landscape blends with traditional culture of Monba and Lhoba ethnic groups,creating highly valuable tourist resources.With the advancement of hydropower development of Yarlung Zangbo,growth in the ecological hydropower tourism will promote tourism expansion in Motuo from a single sightseeing model to diversified ones,such as ecological experience and cultural heritage,pro-viding new impetus for sustainable regional development.However,due to limitation in data acquisition,there is currently a lack of analytical research on the spatiotemporal distribution of tourists in Motuo.Based on tourist regis-tration forms from Guoguotang scenic spot,this study has compiled tourist data for Motuo in 2024 and employs spa-tiotemporal analysis method to systematically examine the spatialtemporal differentiation pattern and dynamic evo-lution characteristics of tourist flows.The results show that the tourist market in Motuo presents a composite spatial structure characterized by overall dispersion and local concentration.It has a wide range of tourist sources through-out the year and a geographical concentration index of 21.79.Sichuan,as a neighboring province,serves as a persis-tent core market throughout the year.In March and November,significant clustering effect is observed in Guang-dong Province and within Xizang Autonomous Region,respectively.Temporally,tourist distribution exhibits a multi-level temporal structure characterized by climate-driven baseline,holiday-induced peaks and traffic-control-induced intraday fluctuation,forming a composite temporal pattern defined by warm-season baseline,holiday peaks and du-al-high-single-low periodic cycle(high traffic flow,high risk and low efficiency).Further analysis indicate that key events such as March Peach Blossom Festival and September pre-National Day period has significantly extended the spatial appeal radium of Motuo and has strengthened its capacity to attract mid-to long-distance tourists.At the same time,a strong coupling is observed between the age structure of tourists and their spatiotemporal behaviors,with different demographic groups dominating across seasons,influenced by holiday schedules and climatic prefer-ences,collectively shaping the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the tourism market in Motuo.This study has deep-ened the understanding of tourist flow dynamics in peripheral plateau destinations and offers a theoretical founda-tion for regional tourism regulation and market optimization.

Abstract:Based on meteorological data from the three long-sequence national benchmark climate stations(Shiqua-nhe,Gaize,and Pulan)in Ngari prefecture from 1981 to 2024,this study has comprehensively analyzed the trend in temperature and precipitation over the past 44 years using methods such as linear trend analysis,M-K(Mann-Kend-all)mutation test and cold-warm index.The results indicated a significant warming trend in the average annual tem-perature in Ngari prefecture,with an average rise of 0.51℃ per decade.A mutation point in the average annual tem-perature was identified between 1998 and 1999,but it was statistically insignificant.The average temperatures in all four seasons exhibited an increasing trend,with the most significant warming occurring in winter and autumn.One year was classified as exceptionally cold and one as exceptionally warm,while three years as colder.The average an-nual precipitation showed a weak increasing trend,with an average increase of 5.8 mm per decade,primarily ob-served in summer and autumn,and the increase rate in summer was far greater than that in autumn.A mutation point in the average annual precipitation occurred between 2005 and 2006,but it was statistically insignificant.Annual sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend,with the most significant decrease rate in summer.The average wind speed showed a decreasing trend,with the most pronounced decrease in spring.This study reveals a'warming and wetting'development trend in the climate in Ali prefecture from 1981 to 2024,characterized by significant tempera-ture rise and slight precipitation increase,particularly evident in summer.The research findings would provide refer-ence insight for understanding the climate response of the Tibetan Plateau and the construction of regional ecologi-cal security barriers.

Abstract:With rapid economic development and accelerated urban expansion in Lhasa,both numbers of pedestri-ans and vehicles have been increasing,leading to congestion at certain intersections,which has disrupted pedestrian travel and vehicle operation,and affected social economic development.Therefore,relevant optimization research is needed.In response to unreasonable road design and signal timing,this paper has selected the intersection of Jiangsu East Road and Linju North Road in Lhasa as the research object.The traffic flow of the corresponding road entrance direction is obtained by manual counting as the basic data.The current intersection simulation data is obtained by us-ing VISSIM and SYNCHRO simulation software.Based on the current intersection situation,corresponding chan-nelization and signal timing optimization schemes are proposed,which are analyzed and verified by simulation soft-ware.Through the comparison of data before and after optimization,the optimization schemes have effectively im-proved the operational efficiency of road intersections and reduced the conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles,providing reference for optimization of other intersections in Lhasa.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the training injury incidence between inland and plateau troops stationed at the same high-altitude location for training,identify existing problems,put forward targeted and effective management experiences,and provide robust support to enhance its support capacity for high-altitude training injuries.Methods Using the holistic sampling method,800 people were selected from plateau and inland troops stationed for training as study object,respectively.The trained medical professionals completed Questionnaire on Training Conditions for Stationed Troops.The data analyzed included age,unit,ethnicity,education level,specialty,training altitude,train-ing intensity,training injury incidence and treatment results.Results A total of 1,423 valid questionnaires were col-lected,including 740 from the plateau stationed troops with training injury incidence at 13.15%,and 683 from the in-land stationed troops with training injury incidence at 18.17%.Regarding injury parts,the plateau stationed troops were primarily concentrated in the lower limb injuries,while the inland stationed troops were mainly concentrated in the lumbar part ones.Regarding injury types,the plateau stationed troops were primarily dominated by acute frac-ture,whereas the inland stationed troops were mainly prevailed by acute lumbar sprains.Multifactorial logistic re-gression analysis revealed that risk factors for training injuries in the plateau stationed troops included technical pro-ficiency,protective measures,warm-up exercises and training intervals,while those for the inland stationed troops included protective measures,warm-up exercises,training intervals and training duration.Conclusion The training injury incidence was lower in the plateau stationed troops compared to the inland ones.In the future training deploy-ment,emphasis should be placed on the prevention and protection enhancement for vulnerable parts such as lower limbs and lumbar part to effectively minimize training injury incidence.