Abstract:The fresh corn planted in Barkol Kazak Autonomous County has higher yield,the corn ears are plump,sweet,with few pests and diseases,and have good commercial quality.According to the climatic characteristics,soil moisture and other factors of Barkol Kazak Autonomous County,the efficient cultivation techniques suitable for local fresh corn were systematically clarified,including pre-sowing preparation,sowing management,field management,pest and disease control,timely harvest,which provide reference and technical support for fresh corn growers and fresh corn production in Barkol Kazak Autonomous County.

Abstract:Luomai 50 is a new semi winter wheat variety cultivated by the Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024.Luomai 50 had a uniform panicle layer,good yellowing,plump grains,and coordinated yield of three factors.It had outstanding high yield,stable yields,and good comprehensive resistance.During production,it was necessary to pay attention to the management of water and fertilizer and the prevention and control of diseases,pests and weeds should be well done.This study aimed to understand the characteristics and key points of cultivation techniques of Luomai 50,and to provide reference for further promotion in the Huanghuai wheat area.

Abstract:By 2025,under the overall loose supply and demand pattern of rice,the price of domestic rice market showed a trend of rising first and then falling due to the mismatch between stage supply and demand.Among them,there were differences in performance among varieties,and the japonica rice market was relatively strong.With the continuous harvest of new rice,the adverse weather in some producing areas had little effect on the overall yield.Under the situation of stable planting area and overall increase in yield per unit area,it is expected that the total rice yield in 2025 will be higher than that in 2024.In addition,the supply pressure had increased,and the price of new rice had been weak.The state had successively initiated the implementation plan for the minimum purchase price of rice in some major production provinces,which had promoted the market purchase and sale and stabilized the market prices.In the later period,with the large-scale listing of autumn grain,it is expected that the domestic rice market will operate stably overall,and the feature of policy-driven market conditions will be more prominent.

Abstract:This study explored the effects of spraying selenium fertilizer at different stages and dosages on millet yield and grain selenium content,Yugu 18 was used as the test variety,and a two-factor split-plot experimental design was adopted.Three spraying stages(jointing stage,booting stage and early filling stage)and five spraying dosages(16.5,33,66,132 and 264 g/ha)were set,and spraying water was used as the control.The agronomic traits,yield and grain selenium content of Yugu 18 under different treatments were investigated.The results showed that when different dosages of selenium fertilizer was sprayed at the jointing stage,there was no significant difference in the agronomic traits of Yugu 18,the yield was the highest when the dosage was 66 g/ha,and the grain selenium content reached the requirement of selenium-rich agricultural products when the dosage was 33-264 g/ha.When different dosages of selenium fertilizer was sprayed at the booting stage,there was no significant difference in the plant height of Yugu 18,the ear length was the highest when the dosage was 16.5 g/ha,both the ratio of winnowed paddy and yield were the highest when the dosage was 66 g/ha,and the grain selenium content reached the requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products when the dosage was 16.5-132 g/ha.When different dosages of selenium fertilizer was sprayed at the early filling stage,there were no significant differences in the plant height and ear length of Yugu 18,both the ratio of winnowed paddy and yield were the highest when the dosage was 66 g/ha,and the grain selenium content reached the requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products when the dosage was 16.5-66 g/ha.In summary,spraying 33-66 g/ha selenium fertilizer at the early filling stage,the yield of millet is relatively high while the grain selenium content reaches the requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products.

Abstract:This study aimed to understand the characteristics of new wheat variety Zhengmai 1833,based on the results of the water and land group regional trials of the Middle Variety Huanghuai Wheat Region Southern Wheat Trial Consortium in 2020-2022 and the production trials in 2022-2023.The agronomic traits,quality traits,disease resistance and yield of Zhengmai 1833 were comprehensively analyzed.The results showed that compared with the control variety Zhoumai 36,Zhengmai 1833 had shorter growth period,moderate plant height,stronger tillering ability,and its quality meets the standard of medium-strong gluten wheat.It had better disease resistance to leaf rust and good yield stability.The characteristics of Zhengmai 1833 were studied,and its supporting cultivation techniques were elaborated in details,so as to promote its application in the southern Huanghuai winter wheat region.

Abstract:The market monitoring of crop seed plays an important supporting role in ensuring food security,supporting government decision-making and promoting the development of seed industry.This paper introduced in detail the development of crop seed market monitoring in Henan Province,analyzed the problems existing in the work,and put forward corresponding suggestions to improve the efficiency of seed market monitoring in Henan Province.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on soil fertility and fruit quality of apple orchards,a 10-year-old red Fuji apple orchard in Changdao Town,Xihe County,Longnan City,Gansu Province was used as the test field.Four treatments were set up,including conventional chemical fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer reduction 20%combined with organic fertilizer 3 000 kg/ha(T1),chemical fertilizer reduction 40%combined with organic fertilizer 6 000 kg/ha(T2),and total organic fertilizer 12 000 kg/ha(T3).The soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities and fruit quality were determined.The results showed that the soil organic matter content,available nitrogen content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content and pH value of T2 treatment apple orchard were higher.The soil urease activity,sucrase activity and catalase activity of T2 treatment apple orchard were significantly higher than those of CK.The apple single fruit weight,soluble solids content,sugar-acid ratio and fruit hardness of T2 treatment apple orchard were better than those of CK,T1 and T3.In summary,chemical fertilizer reduction 40%combined with organic fertilizer 6 000 kg/ha of apple orchards in Changdao Town can significantly improve soil fertility and fruit quality.

Abstract:Wheat-muskmelon-eggplant three-crop-a-year stereoscopic cultivation is a new planting mode in open field with simple technical operation in Neihuang County,Anyang City.This paper elaborated the key points of three-crop-a-year stereoscopic and high-efficiency cultivation technology of wheat-muskmelon-eggplant in Neihuang County,and analyzed its economic benefits,aiming to encourage farmers in Neihuang County to return home and start businesses and help rural revitalization.

Abstract:This study aimed to explore the effects of pelleted seed technology on the growth and development of sesame,Zhouzhi No.16 was used as the test variety,three kinds of pelleted treatments were set up,which were T1(only inert material,without adding any other substances),T2(adding antibacterial agents)and T3(adding trace elements).The unpelleted seeds were used as the control.The seedling conditions,disease resistance,agronomic traits and yield traits of different treatments were investigated.The results showed that the seedling emergence rate and seedling rate of Zhouzhi No.16 with T2 treatmengt were the highest,the disease resistance was better,the empty tip was the shortest,the fruit axis was the longest,and the yield was 1 281.75 kg/ha,which was 31.06%higher than that of the control treatmengt.In summary,the pelleting treatment of sesame seeds and the addition of bacteriostatic agents could effectively improve the seedling conditions,enhance the disease resistance of plants,and achieve stable yield and yield increase.The research results provide technical support for mechanized planting of sesame.

Abstract:Sclerotinia rot is one of the main diseases affecting the development of the sunflower industry in China,which leads to the decline of sunflower yield and quality,and brings huge economic losses to growers.In this paper,the occurrence of sclerotinia rot in sunflower and the germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in China were studied in detail,and the prevention and control measures were expounded,including breeding resistant varieties,agricultural control,chemical control and biological control,so as to promote the high‑quality development of the sunflower industry in China.

Abstract:In order to improve the efficiency of scientific research management in agricultural scientific research institutions,the problems existing in the current scientific research management were summarized,including the lack of attention to the management of scientific research archives,the imperfect scientific research management system,the low level of management team and the lack of scientific research project management.This paper puts forward targeted development countermeasures for the reference of relevant scientific research managers.

Abstract:This study aimed to screen the selenium-enriched millet varieties suitable for western Henan,12 common millet varieties in the local area were used as experimental materials(Yugu 18,Henggu 36,Chaogu 58,Yugu 43,Yugu 45,Yugu 35,Jigu 39,Canggu 9,Henggu 11,Henggu 35,Jigu 42 and Zhonggu 989),and 66 g/ha sodium selenite was sprayed on the leaves at the booting stage to determine the yield related factors and grain selenium content of different millet varieties.The results showed that among the 12 millet varieties tested,Henggu 11 had the highest yield,which was 6 438.00 kg/ha.Jigu 42 had the largest number of spikes,which was 42.05 million spikes/ha.Chaogu 58 had the highest thousand grains weight,which was 2.74 g.Henggu 36 had the highest grains weight,which was 19.58 g.Henggu 11 had the highest ratio of winnowed paddy,which was 85.25%.The grain selenium content of Yugu 18,Yugu 35,Yugu 43,Henggu 36 and Chaogu 58 all reached the requirements for selenium-enriched agricultural products.Among them,the grain selenium content of Yugu 18 and Chaogu 58 was relatively high,which was 0.180 mg/kg.The research results provide a reference for the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the development of selenium-enriched millet industry in western Henan.

Abstract:As an important raw material for tobacco flavoring,tobacco extracts mainly include different forms of products such as extract,tobacco tincture,essential oil and refined oil.This study aimed to investigate the differences in volatile components of different tobacco extracts,headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS)and electronic nose were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the volatile components of four typical tobacco extracts,including tobacco tincture,extract,essential oil and refined oil.Hierarchical clustering heat map was used for visual analysis.The results showed that,based on HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis,the volatile components of tobacco tincture,extract and essential oil were relatively complex,while the volatile components of refined oil were relatively simple.Among them,47 volatile components were identified in tobacco tincture,45 volatile components were identified in extract,43 volatile components were identified in essential oil,and 35 volatile components were identified in refined oil.Moreover,there were differences in the main volatile components of different tobacco extracts.The volatile components of tobacco tincture were mainly esters(44.12%)and ketones(21.25%).The volatile components of the extract were mainly ketones(42.69%)and alcohols(22.25%).The volatile components of essential oil were mainly ketones(71.05%).The volatile components of refined oil were mainly ketones(57.34%)and esters(17.63%).Based on the electronic nose analysis,it was found that there were significant differences in the contents of aromatic compounds and nitrogen oxides in the volatile components of tobacco tincture,extract,essential oil and refined oil,and the variation coefficients of sensor response values was 35.60%and 48.70%.The results of hierarchical clustering heat map showed that the volatile components of tobacco tincture,extract,essential oil and refined oil showed obvious clustering differences.Megastigmatrienones(Including three isomers Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ),α-damascenone,solanone,nicotine and 2-acetylpyrrole were the common core aroma substances.The results confirmed that there were significant differences in the aroma characteristics of tobacco extracts prepared by different processes,which provided a scientific basis for the development of cigarette flavoring technology and product innovation.

Abstract:This study aimed to clarify the germination and release rules of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ascospores and pathogenicity of different flowering period to sunflower,SH363 was used as the tested sunflower variety.The number of ascospores released by the ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at different time in the same day and different humiditys,as well as the length of the germ tubes germinated by ascospores at different temperatures,were investigated.The sunflower discs at different flowering periods were inoculated to investigate the disease index and yield.The results showed that from different times in the same day,the time of ascospore release from the ascus was 7:30-19:30 in the same day,and the release peak was at 14:00-15:00.From the perspective of culture humidity,the ascospores released by the ascus disc under the condition of wet first and then dry were the most,which was significantly higher than under other humidity treatments.From the perspective of culture temperature,the length of the germ tube germinated by ascospores at 25℃ was significantly higher than that at other temperatures treatments,and the length of germ tube increased gradually with the increase of time and temperature.From the perspective of inoculation flowering periods,the infection effect of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ascospores in sunflower R5.1—R5.2 period(The proportion of tubular flowers is less than 20%)was the best,the disease index was 97.92,and the yield was 517.20 kg/ha,which was 84.26%lower than that of normally growing sunflower.The infection effect of inoculation in R5.3—R5.5 period(Tubular flowers account for 21%to 50%)and R5.6-R5.8 period(Tubular flowers account for 51%to 80%)were inferior,the disease index were 85.42 and 27.08 respectively,and the yield were 1 008.15 and 2 257.05 kg/ha respectively,which were 69.32%and 31.33%lower than that of normally growing sunflower.The infection effect of inoculation in R5.8+period(The proportion of tubular flowers is over than 80%)was almost not infected,and there was no significant difference in the yield of sunflower compared with normally growing.The research results provide theoretical references and data support for the prevention and control of sunflower sclerotinia.

Abstract:Precise pixel-level segmentation is a key technology for achieving automated diagnosis and quantitative assessment of crop leaf diseases.However,the generalization performance of existing models across crops and diseases has not been fully verified.In this study,the public PlantDoc dataset was used as the experimental material to systematically evaluate the generalization performance of the mainstream deep learning models U-Net and DeepLabV3+in the pixel-level segmentation task of multiple crop leaf diseases.The results showed that the U-Net model showed excellent segmentation performance on the PlantDoc dataset,with the average intersection over union,average pixel accuracy and accuracy were 77.20%,84.50%and 93.64%respectively,which were better than the corresponding indicators of the DeepLabV3+model,which were 55.63%,62.77%and 86.41%respectively.The research results provide a model selection basis for agricultural intelligent diagnosis system.

Abstract:This study aimed to screen high‑yield and stable‑yield sesame varieties suitable for planting in Zhoukou City,a comparative test of 12 new sesame strains was carried out in Zhoukou City in 2024.The grey correlation analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the 10 agronomic traits(equivalent yield,plant height,initial capsule height,empty slightly length,fruit axis length,capsule number per plant,number of seeds per capsule,thousand‑grain weight,whole growth period and stem spot blight disease index)of the 12 new sesame strains.The results showed that,from the perspective of agronomic traits,empty slightly length,stem spot blight disease index and yield were the key factors affecting the comprehensive performance of the sesame strains,and the cumulative weight exceeded 70.00%.From the perspective of sesame strains,the sesame strains P3,P8 and P9 showed better comprehensive performance.Among them,the sesame strain P3 had a yield of 1 396.80 kg/ha,which was 24.50%higher than that of the sesame strain P1.In summary,in the process of sesame breeding,the varieties with shorter empty slightly length,stronger disease resistance and higher yield should be selected.

Abstract:This study explored the performance of fresh corn varieties resowed in melon fields in Hami City,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,to screen out high-quality fresh corn varieties that are suitable for the local ecological,soil,and climatic conditions for resowing.Twelve varieties of fresh corn(Kennuoyu 4008,XS9056,Mihuatiannuo 3,Mitiannuo 4,Mitiannuo 1,Meiyu 27,Zhenzaoshangshi,Meiyu 16,Zhentiannuo 108,Tianguinuo 937,Zhenjinnuo 199,and Jinuo 181)were selected for variety screening,and the fertility period,agronomic traits in the field,pests and diseases,cob traits,and yield traits were recorded.The results showed that there were differences in fertility,field agronomic traits,pests and diseases,cob and yield traits among different edible corn varieties.In terms of fertility period,XS9056,Mitiannuo 4,Zhenzaoshangshi and Jinuo 181 had shorter fertility periods;in terms of field agronomic traits,Mitiannuo 4,Zhenzaoshangshii and Tianguinuo 937 had higher double cob rates;in terms of diseases and pests,except for Zhentiannuo 108,Zhenjinnuo 199 and Meiyu 27,no pests or diseases were found in any of the other varieties;in terms of cob characters,Meiyu 27 had the largest spike length and spike thickness,Kennuoyu 4008 had the largest number of grains in rows and the largest number of grains in spikes,Jinuoyu 181 had a shorter bald tip length,and Jinuoyu 181 and XS9056 had the largest number of rows in spikes;in terms of yield traits,XS9056,Mitiannuo 4,Zhenzaoshangshi and Jinuo 181 had higher fresh fruit spike equivalent yields.By comprehensive evaluation,Mitiannuo 4,XS9056,Jinuo 181 and Zhenzaoshangshi are fresh corn varieties suitable for planting in melon fields in Hami City and similar ecological regions,the best sowing period being June 25—July 10th.

Abstract:Cultivation conditions and yield dates in different soil and areas of wheat variety Fanmai 8 on the Huangfan farm from 2009 to 2024 were analyzed,and the key points of high yield management technology of Fanmai 8 were summarized.The results showed that the yield of Fanmai 8 in Xihua County was 8 977.7 kg/ha from 2009 to 2024,which was higher than that in Fugou County(8 715.9 kg/ha).The yield of Fanmai 8 in clay land was 9 053.1 kg/ha,which was higher than that in sandy land(8 678.8 kg/ha).From the yield distribution,the annual yield of Fanmai 8 was generally 8 250-9 750 kg/ha,which had the potential to break through 9 750-11 250 kg/ha,and it could exert the potential of increasing yield in Fugou County and sandy soil area.In addition,according to the cultivation situation,the key points of high yield management technology of Fanmai 8 from sowing to regreening stage,from regreening to heading stage and from heading to maturity stage were put forward,so as to provide references for farmers.

Abstract:In order to understand the status of the germplasm resources of Amanita in the mountainous areas of Henan Province,a systematic survey was conducted in 2021-2023 in Taihang,Funiu,Tongbai and Dabie Mountains,aiming to record and categorize their morphological characteristics,ecological information,and virulence.Preliminary investigation showed that there were 36 kinds of Amanita,among them there were 26 kinds of poisonous Amanita,including 10 kinds of highly toxic Amanita and 16 kinds of weakly toxic Amanita,which accounted for 72.22%;4 kinds of Amanita with unknown use,which accounted for 11.11%;and 6 kinds of edible Amanita,which accounted for 16.67%.From the morphological characteristics,most of the Amanita were toxic,edible Amanita accounted for a relatively small proportion,and there was an overlap between highly toxic Amanita and edible Amanita in terms of morphological characteristics,which made it difficult for non-professionals to accurately differentiate between them.From the ecological information,there were various kinds of Amanita in the mountainous areas of Henan Province,with 15 kinds of Amanita in Funiu Mountains,12 kinds of Amanita in Taihang Mountains,8 kinds of Amanita in Tongbai Mountains,and 10 kinds of Amanita in Dabie Mountains.Understanding the germplasm resources of Amanita in mountainous areas,is helpful to strengthen the popularization of science education to the public,avoiding the occurrence of accidental food poisoning,and can provide an important scientific basis for the protection of wild mushroom resources and food safety in Henan Province.

Abstract:In order to screen high-yield and high-quality alfalfa varieties suitable for spring sowing in western Henan,the 27 alfalfa varieties from home and abroad(Strong hold,Reindeer,Juneng 995,WL440,SW8421S,SW425,SW6330,WL363HQ,WL919,Andona,Juneng 601,Jinneng 5010,Longdong,Juneng 418,hf2110,Jinneng 211,Claudie,Saidi NO.10,601,SW5213,SW9720,Ausin118,Juneng Salt-tolerant Star,Jinneng 4.2,Caoyuan NO.3,Jinneng 806,Aohan)were selected and were cut for four times.The plant height,fresh yield,hay yield,fresh-dry ratio,stem mass,leaf mass,stem-leaf ratio,crude ash content,crude protein content,crude fat content,neutral detergent fiber content,acid detergent fiber content,relative feeding value,equal weight correlation degree and weighted correlation degree were investigated and calculated.The 27 alfalfa varieties were comprehensively evaluated by variance analysis,correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis.The results showed that the first crop of SW9720,the second crop of Jinneng 806,the third crop of WL919,the fourth crop of Saidi NO.10 had higher plant height.In terms of fresh yield,the first,second and fourth crops of Juneng 601 and the third crop of Juneng 995 had higher fresh yield,Juneng 601,WL440,Juneng 995 and WL919 had higher fresh yield throughout the year.In terms of hay yield,the first crop of Reindeer,the second crop of Juneng 601,the third crop of WL363HQ and the fourth crop of Strong hold had higher hay yield,Juneng 601,Juneng 995,WL363HQ and Strong hold had higher hay yield throughout the year.In terms of fresh-dry ratio,the first crop of WL440,the second crop of SW8421S,the third crop of Caoyuan NO.3 and the fourth crop of Jinneng 211 had higher fresh-dry ratio.In terms of correlation of agronomic traits,plant height was significantly positively correlated with stem mass and leaf mass,and extremely significantly positively correlated with fresh yield and hay yield.The stem-leaf ratio was extremely significantly negatively correlated with leaf mass and extremely significantly positively correlated with stem mass.The fresh yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with hay yield,stem mass and leaf mass.The hay yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with stem mass and leaf mass.In terms of nutritional components and relative feeding value,Juneng 418 had the highest crude ash content,WL440 had the highest crude protein content,Aohan had the highest crude fat content,Jineng 5010 had the highest neutral detergent fiber content,SW6330 and Caoyuan NO.3 had relatively high acidic detergent fiber content,and WL440 had the highest relative feeding value.In terms of perspective of comprehensive performance evaluation,the equal weighted correlation degree and weighted correlation degree of WL440,Juneng 601,WL919,Jinneng 4.2 and Juneng 995 were higher.By comprehensive evaluation,Juneng 601,WL440 and WL919 have high yield,high feeding value and yield stability of cutting stubble,which are suitable for planting in western Henan.