Abstract:Highland barley is an important characteristic food crop on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,with both nutritional and functional values.To systematically characterize the variation of major functional components in highland barley grains,we evaluated 243 germplasm accessions collected from China and abroad,and determined the grain mass fractions of total flavonoid and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA).The results showed that the total flavonoid mass fraction ranged from 1 360 mg/kg to 5 380 mg/kg,with a mean of 2 670 mg/kg and a coefficient of variation(CV)of 21.35％.The GABA mass fraction ranged from 81.3 mg/kg to 349.2 mg/kg,with a mean of 148.1 mg/kg and a CV of 29.44％.Overall,significant differences in total flavonoid and GABA mass fractions were observed among materials from different origins.In this trial,the foreign accessions showed relatively high levels of both total flavonoid and GABA.Among domestic materials,higher total flavonoid levels were mainly found in accessions from Qinghai and Gansu,whereas higher GABA levels were mainly found in accessions from Xizang and Sichuan.The origin-dependent distribution patterns of these two components were not completely consistent,suggesting that their accumulation is jointly regulated by distinct genetic backgrounds and environmental factors.This study proposes a grading and evaluation framework for total flavonoid and GABA contents,providing a basis for subsequent targeted identification of high-value materials.

Abstract:Wanhonggu No.6 is a new brewing millet variety bred by conventional breeding method with Wangu 023 as maternal parent and Zhonggu No.6 as paternal parent.It was registered as GPD millet(2024)410044 by National Non-Major Crop Variety Registration in July 2024.Wanhonggu No.6 is red millet yellow rice,suitable for brewing,and has the characteristics of 0％Amylose content,medium resistance to rice blast,medium resistance to rice rust,medium resistance to white disease.The variety has high and stable yield.From 2022 to 2023,it participated in the comparative test of new strains of independent millet.The average yield was 314.65 kg/667 m2,which was 0.96％higher than that of the control Yugu 18.In this paper,the breeding process,characteristics and cultivation techniques of Wanhonggu No.6 were introduced,which can provide technical support for the large-scale promotion and planting of this variety in the summer valley areas of Henan Province.

Abstract:To explore the optimal sowing date of spring barley under different ecological conditions at same Ecological Sub-region in Xizang,two representative experimental sites(Qiangga Township and Chundui Township)were selected in Linzhou of Lhasa for sowing date trials using Zangqing 690 as the test material.The study analyzed the effects of different sowing dates on key growth characteristics,yield,and yield components of Zangqing 690.The results showed that the growth process of Zangqing 690 shortened with delayed sowing dates.In 2024,the highest yield(2 487.66 kg/hm2)was achieved in Qiangga Ecological Zone with AS1(March 28)treatment.In Chundui Ecological Zone,BS3(May 1)treatment produced the highest yield(2 661.47 kg/hm2).In 2025,CS3(April 6)treatment in Qiangga Ecological Zone had the highest yield(3 606.76 kg/hm2),while DS1(March 27)treatment produced the highest yield(4 933.63 kg/hm2)in Chundui Ecological Zone.In conclusion,the optimal sowing date for spring barley in Xizang should be adjusted according to regional differences.The sowing date from mid-March to early April is suitable in the areas similar to Qiangga Ecological Zone,while the sowing date on late March is the best in the regions like Chundui.

Abstract:In response to the rare persistent drought affecting wheat fields in the Yancheng region of Jiangsu from winter 2024 to spring 2025,this study combined field investigations,in-situ observations,and literature analysis to systematically investigate the effects of drought stress on various growth stages of wheat and response strategies.The results showed that prolonged drought significantly negatively impacted wheat growth and development,mainly resulting in uneven seedling growth,a substantial decrease in effective tillering,and ultimately a decline in grains per spike.Comprehensive comparison of drought resistance techniques showed that the optimal timing for irrigation was during the wheat jointing stage.In terms of irrigation methods,the order was sprinkler irrigation＞watering irrigation＞furrow irrigation＞flood irrigation＞soaking irrigation.The appropriate irrigation amount should be controlled between 40 mm and 60 mm.The findings of this study can provide concrete technical guidance for drought resistance,and offer valuable references for drought management in wheat fields within Jiangsu Province and similar ecological areas.

Abstract:Huanghuazhan is a conventional xian(indica)rice variety with the largest cultivation area in the Yangtze River Basin in recent years.To enhance its yield potential,three sets of introgression line populations were developed by backcross breeding strategy using Huanghuazhan as the recipient parent,and tropical geng(japonica)variety Lemont,Aus varieties Dular and N22 as donor parents.These populations consisted of 186、172 and 154 lines,respectively.There were significant differences in some yield traits between the donor parents and Huanghuazhan.The yield and its related traits of the three sets of introgression lines showed continuous variation,among which spikelet number per panicle and grain number per panicle were generally higher than those of Huanghuazhan.A total of 14 high-yield introgression lines were selected,most of which have higher effective panicle number,spikelet number per panicle,grain number per panicle and thousand-grain weight compared with Huanghuazhan.Besides,the seed setting ratio of GL216 and GQL627 was above 85％in both medium rice and late rice seasons,showing high seed setting ratio.

Abstract:Luohan 19 is a drought-resistant wheat variety exclusively developed by the Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.It was approved in Henan Province in 2017(Approval Number:Yushengmai 2017024).Since its approval,it has remained a leading variety for dryland cultivation in southwestern Henan,central-western Henan,and northern Henan due to its outstanding drought resistance and high yield performance.To comprehensively introduce the characteristics and application traits of the new dryland wheat variety Luohan 19,the data from regional and production trials(2013-2016)and post-approval practical applications were analyzed.The results showed that Luohan 19 had an average yield of 6 064 kg/hm2 from 2013 to 2016,achieving a 6.87％increase over the control variety Luohan No.7,with a yield-increasing point rate of 97.1％,demonstrating highly significant yield improvement,and 29 trial sites recorded yield increases of ≥2％.The high stability coefficient and adaptability value of Luohan 19 were significantly higher than those of the control variety Luohan No.7,while the coefficient of variation was comparable,indicating excellent high and stable yield performance and wide adaptability.Therefore,Luohan 19 is a drought-resistant wheat variety with high yield,stable yield and strong adaptability.

Abstract:Mengkeli No.2 is a new grain-forage quinoa cultivar which was bred by Institute of Crop Science of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences through pedigree breeding method and directional selection.In March 2025,it obtained the certificate of grass variety approval in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Number:Mengshen-144-2024).It has many branches,and high fresh grass yield and hay yield.In the production test,the average fresh grass yield,hay yield and seed yield were significantly different from those of the CK.The average fresh grass yield was 64 593.21 kg/hm2,the average hay yield was 17 520.02 kg/hm2,and the average seed yield was 2 980.62 kg/hm2.It has the characteristics of dwarf,lodging resistance,early maturity and disease resistance.It is suitable for spring planting in Hohhot,Baotou,Ulanqab,Chifeng and neighboring provinces with similar climate in Inner Mongolia.

Abstract:The ecological environment in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau region is complex and varied,and the vegetation is fragile,making restoration difficult.However,the development base of animal husbandry in the region is relatively large,and natural vegetation cannot meet the feeding needs of cattle and sheep.As an advantageous characteristic crop in the region,highland barley can meet the supply of cattle and sheep forage during the snow-capped season through straw flexible fermentation.Moreover,the variety of highland barley that can be used for both food and forage is increasingly favored by farmers and herdsmen,and the demand is constantly increasing.Ganqing No.12,a new variety of highland barley,is a dual-purpose variety for both grain and forage.It has a growth period of 111～116 days,a plant height of 99.7 cm,a full heading habit,an upright spike neck,a spike length of 6.0 cm,41.0 grains per spike,a spike-grain weight of 1.88 g,a thousand-grain weight of about 42.2 g,yellow and oval shaped grains,and is cold and drought resistant.The grain protein content is 10.85％,starch content is 55.41％,lysine content is 0.41％,and β-glucan content is 6.03％.The crude protein content of straw is 8.84％,soluble sugar is 6.80％,lignin is 9.47％,neutral detergent fiber is 70.6％,and acidic detergent fiber is 39.7％.The breeding of this variety can further lay the foundation for the supply and demand of grain and forage in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone of Gannan and surrounding areas.

Abstract:Cereal crops are important food crops in the world,providing essential nutrients for human beings.The problem of pre-harvest sprouting seriously affects the processing quality and nutritional quality of grains.The problem of pre-harvest sprouting is closely related to the formation and release of seed dormancy,which are mainly regulated by abscisic acid (ABA),gibberellin(GA), jasmonic acid(JA),auxin(IAA),brassinolide(BR),ethylene(ET),cytokinin(CTK),and so on.This paper mainly expounds the effects of hormones on grain dormancy from the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant hormones affecting seed dormancy and hormone regulation pathways,which is of great significance for improving grain yield and quality.

Abstract:In order to clarify the global and Chinese barley trade pattern,this study systematically analyzed the evolution characteristics of the scale and market structure of global and Chinese barley trade from 1995 to 2024.The results show that from a global perspective,the global barley trade volume has increased significantly,with the concentration of both export and import markets rising steadily.In recent years,China has become the world's largest barley importer and the largest export destination for many countries.From a Chinese perspective,China's barley import volume has shifted from a stable state to high-level fluctuating growth.The average barley import price has changed from low-level operation to fluctuating growth,and the barley import sources have become more diversified,but Australia still remains the main import source.China's barley export volume is very small.The average barley export price has transitioned from low-level operation to high-level operation,and the barley export markets are concentrated but tend to be diversified.The reasons for the evolution of China's barley trade include the impact of changes in the global barley supply-demand and trade patterns,the driving force of the large domestic supply-demand gap and growing demand of barley,as well as the weak international competitiveness of domestic barley and adjustments to China's barley trade policies.In the face of the dynamic changes in the global and China's barley trade patterns,it is necessary to enhance the ability to coordinate the use of domestic and international markets and resources.By promoting the diversification of international supply chains,strengthening trade monitoring and policy regulation,improving domestic comprehensive production capacity,and enhancing the collaborative cooperation of the domestic industrial chain,a safer,more stable and efficient barley industrial chain and supply chain should be built to better safeguard China's national food security and the healthy development of domestic barley industry.

Abstract:Wheat production and breeding in China are facing the huge impact of climate change.In order to study the regulation mechanism of the agronomic traits of dryland wheat varieties in the Huang Huai winter wheat region of China on adapting to climate change,40 wheat varieties with a large area of dryland promotion in the Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region from 1950 to 2009 were used as experimental materials to plant in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region of Luoyang,Henan Province.After harvest,the average yield,the number of ears per plant,the number of fertile spikelets,the number of sterile spikelets per ear,the number of grains per ear,the number of effective panicles,ear length,ear weight,ear yield,biological yield per plant,1 000-grain weight,plant height,and drought resistance index were investigated.The variation patterns of yield traits,the correlation between yield and agronomic traits,and the contribution rate of agronomic traits to yield were analyzed.The results showed that with inter decadal changes,the drought resistance of dryland wheat varieties in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region first decreased and then rebounded,while plant height significantly decreased.The production potential continues to rise,with the largest increase of 70.75％compared to the 1950s in the 2000s across different eras.There is also an increasing trend between different eras,with relatively stable changes in production in the 1950s and 1960s(an increase of 3.94％),the larger increase in production in the 1980s and 1990s(an increase of 27.99％).The thousand-grain weight,number of grains per spike,and number of effective spikes all showed an increasing trend,with the increase range being thousand grain weight＞number of effective spikes＞number of grains per spike.The yield is extremely significantly positively correlated with thousand-grain weight(0.707**),grain number per spike(0.461**),effective spike number(0.237**),fertile spikelet number(0.488**),spike length(0.395**),spike weight(0.633**),spike yield(0.770**),and drought resistance index(0.298**).The yield contribution values of thousand-grain weight,number of grains per ear,and effective number of ears are all significant and have a positive effect,while plant height shows a negative effect.The agronomic traits of dryland wheat in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region are strongly influenced by climate change.Breeding drought resistant varieties with moderate plant height,strong drought and lodging resistance,moderate number of effective panicles,more grains per ear,and larger thousand-grain weight is a key improvement direction for dryland wheat breeding in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region in response to future climate change.

Abstract:In this study,the systematic identification and evaluation were conducted on 9 major agronomic traits(including plant height,panicle length,number of main stem nodes,l 000-grain weight and growth period)of 885 local japonica proso millet germplasm resources in Shaanxi Province.By analyzing the variation characteristics and intrinsic correlations of each trait,a total of 125 lodging-resistant resources,17 large-grain resources,145 resources with specific grain colors,and 2 representative tall-stem materials were screened out.The above results provide an important resource basis and theoretical support for the breeding of elite broomcorn millet varieties and germplasm innovation.

Abstract:In response to the problems of excessive application of chemical fertilizers,increased planting costs,soil compaction,soil pollution,and low yield in corn cultivation in Yulin,Shaanxi Province,a cost reduction and efficiency improvement experiment was conducted using corn microbial fertilizers.Through comparative analysis of the agricultural traits and harvest yield of maize after application of composite microbial fertilizers(Bacillus subtilis,beneficial microorganisms,EM bacteria)with traditional conventional chemical fertilizers,the results showed that the composite microbial fertilizers increased maize plant height by 19.5％,stem diameter by 10.4％,and leaf size by 1 leaf per plant at the grain filling stage compared to traditional conventional chemical fertilizers.Secondly,the composite microbial fertilizer has a significant effect on cost reduction and efficiency improvement compared to conventional fertilization,with a cost reduction of 11.2％,a yield increase of 9.5％,and a comprehensive income increase of 13.0％.All three indicators have reached a significant level(P＜0.05).

Abstract:To investigate the impact of saline-alkali stress on wheat grain quality,this study employed 104 genetically diverse wheat germplasm accessions as experimental materials.Comparative experiments were conducted at Nanyang Experimental Field(control)and Shuntai Farm(saline-alkali stress)in Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province.The core quality traits variations of wheat grains including crude protein content were measured.The results showed that saline-alkali stress significantly reduced crude protein content,wet gluten content,and sedimentation value,whereas starch content was less affected.The sedimentation value exhibited the highest genetic variability(control:18.11％,treatment:15.77％),while starch content showed the lowest coefficient of variation(control:1.32％,treatment:1.08％),indicating strong stability.Correlation analysis revealed that crude protein and wet gluten content maintained a highly significant positive correlation(r≥0.80)both under control and stress conditions,whereas the negative correlation between starch and protein-related traits weakened under stress.Significant varietal differences in stress responses were observed.Zhongguochun displayed high sensitivity across multiple quality traits,while Yang 14-88 exhibited specific responses in crude protein,wet gluten and starch.Sensitive varieties such as Ningmaizi 15318 and Huaimai 28 were identified,providing a theoretical basis for breeding saline-alkali-tolerant and high-quality wheat.

Abstract:Changmai 169 is a new wheat variety with high and stable yield,which was bred by the Wheat Research Group of Xuchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences through pedigree method with Xuke 718 as maternal parent and the self-selected F5 generation line(Zhoumai 16/Liangxing 99)as paternal parent.It has the characteristics of disease resistance,cold resistance,drought tolerance and full grain.The three key factors for the yield of Changmai 169 are relatively coordinated.The number of effective ears per hectare is 5.61～5.95 million,the number of grains per ear is 35.3～37.1,and the thousand-grain weight is 43.9～45.8 g.For two consecutive years,it participated in the regional trials of the Henan Province Innovation Strategy Alliance Consortium,with an average yield of 7 857.0 kg/hm2,which was 6.36％higher than the control Bainong 207 on average.In the production trial of 2022,the average yield was 8 838.0 kg/hm2,which was 7.30％higher than the control Bainong 207,with a 100.0％increase rate.In July 2023,it was approved by Henan Provincial Crop Variety Certification Committee(Approval number:Yushenmai 20230102).This paper introduces the selection process and characteristics of Changmai 169,and summarizes the supporting cultivation techniques including seed treatment,fine ground preparation,scientific irrigation and fertilization,in order to provide reference for the demonstration and promotion of this variety.

Abstract:Yiyou 8111 is a new high-quality high-yield and high-temperature resistance late maturity three-line hybrid rice variety,which bred by Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences through sterile line Yixiang 1A and restorer line Yihui 8111.The average yield of this variety in the regional trial was 8 736.30 kg/hm2,which increased by 4.92％compared with the control variety Yixiangyou 2115.The rice quality reached level 2 of Edible Rice Variety Quality(NY/T 593-2013).The high temperature resistance grade was level 3.It was approved as a new rice variety by Sichuan Province in February 2025(Approval number:Chuanshendao 20240011).It is suitable for cultivation in flat and hilly areas with an altitude of less than 800 meters in Sichuan Province(excluding the Panxi Ecological Zone).

Abstract:Taking the new medium-strong gluten wheat cultivar Yanmai No.7 as the research material,four seeding rate treatments of 12.5,15.0,17.5 and 20.0 kg/667 m2 were set up to compare and analyze the effects of different seeding rates on the photosynthetic capacity,lodging resistance,yield,and grain quality of Yanmai No.7,so as to provide data support for the subsequent promotion of this cultivar.The results showed that the seeding rate had a significant impact on the photosynthetic capacity of Yanmai No.7.The flag leaf chlorophyll content and area increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding rate,while the leaf area index continued to increase.The dry matter mass per plant consistently decreased with the increase of seeding rate,whereas the population dry matter mass increased first and then decreased,reaching the highest value at the seeding rate of 17.5 kg/667 m2.The plant height,as well as the lengths of the first,second,third,fourth internodes,and the peduncle of Yanmai No.7,all increased with the increase of seeding rate.However,the stem diameters of each internode and the breaking resistance of the second internode decreased significantly at the seeding rate of 20.0 kg/667 m2.The effective panicle number of Yanmai No.7 increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding rate,while the grain number per panicle consistently decreased.The thousand-grain weight decreased significantly at the seeding rate of 20.0 kg/667 m2.Ultimately,the yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding rate,reaching the highest value at the seeding rate of 17.5 kg/667 m2.All grain quality traits decreased with the increase of seeding rate,showing a significant decline at the seeding rate of 20.0 kg/667 m2.Based on the comprehensive research results,when Yanmai No.7 is sown around November 2 with a seeding rate of 17.5 kg/667 m2,it demonstrates favorable performance in terms of photosynthetic capacity,lodging resistance,yield,and grain quality.

Abstract:Mengkeli No.1 is a new grain-forage quinoa cultivar which was bred by Institute of Crop Science of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences through pedigree method and orthoselection.In March 2025,it obtained the certificate of grass variety approval in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Number:Mengshen-143-2024).It has many branches,high the fresh grass yield and hay yield.In the production test,the average fresh grass yield,hay yield and seed yield were significantly different from those of the CK.The average fresh grass yield was 62 168.59 kg/hm2,the average hay yield was 16 528.32 kg/hm2,and the average seed yield was 3 287.62 kg/hm2.It has the characteristics of dwarf,lodging resistance,early maturity and disease resistance.It is suitable for spring planting in Hohhot,Baotou,Ulanqab,Chifeng and neighboring provinces with similar climate in Inner Mongolia.

Abstract:Huigengnuo 903 is a new high-yield and high-quality medium geng glutinous rice variety developed by the Rice Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It was bred through multi-generational pedigree selection from a cross between Ning 1093(a medium-Japonica intermediate material from Jiangsu Province)as the maternal parent and Zhennuo 19(a high-yielding,high-quality,disease-resistant glutinous rice variety)as the paternal parent.This variety has outstanding characteristics of high and stable yield potential,high quality,ideal plant architecture,strong lodging resistance,and excellent maturity performance at late growth stages.In the Anhui provincial regional rice trials during 2019-2020,the average yield of Huigengnuo 903 was 700.4 kg/667 m2.Its grain quality met or exceeded the Grade 3 standards of Edible Rice Variety Quality(NY/T 593-2013).The variety showed moderate susceptibility to rice blast and bacterial blight,and was susceptible to rice false smut.It was approved by Anhui Crop Variety Approval Committee(Approval number:Wanshendao 20221093)in 2022.It is suitable for cultivation as single-season medium geng rice variety in Anhui Province and adjacent ecological zones.This paper elaborates on the breeding process,characteristics,and key cultivation techniques of Huigengnuo 903,aiming to provide references for its large-scale popularization and application.

Abstract:Zhengmai 918 is a new high-quality and high-yield wheat variety bred by the Fengyou Breeding Team of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences using the pedigree method.Its parental combination is Zhengmai 366/Fanmai 065050//Zhengmai 7698.This variety was approved by Henan Province in 2022(Yushenmai 20220040)and by the national Huanghuai southern region in 2024(Guoshenmai 20241043).In the national Huanghuai southern regional trial,the average yield of Zhengmai 918 reached 602.8 kg/667 m2,which was 6.49%higher than that of the control,and the yield was extremely significant for two consecutive years.The average high-stability coefficient of regional trial and production trial was 87.24%,which was 7.05%higher than that of the control.In the Henan provincial regional trial and the national Huanghuai southern region regional trial,the quality index of this variety has met the standard of strong gluten wheat for four consecutive years,showing that Zhengmai 918 has not only good high-yield and stable-yield performance,but also good quality.This study introduces the breeding process,variety characteristics and quality characteristics of Zhengmai 918,analyzes its yield components and high-yield cultivation technology points,and aims to provide a scientific basis for its large-scale promotion.