Genetic Improvement Analysis of Different Ecotypes of Dryland Wheat Breeding in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region

FENG Weisen; ZHANG Xuepin; YANG Li; DING Zhiqiang; ZHAO Yan; GAO Haitao; WU Shaohui

doi:10.14069/j.cnki.32-1769/s.2025.05.004

Abstract：Wheat production and breeding in China are facing the huge impact of climate change.In order to study the regulation mechanism of the agronomic traits of dryland wheat varieties in the Huang Huai winter wheat region of China on adapting to climate change,40 wheat varieties with a large area of dryland promotion in the Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region from 1950 to 2009 were used as experimental materials to plant in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region of Luoyang,Henan Province.After harvest,the average yield,the number of ears per plant,the number of fertile spikelets,the number of sterile spikelets per ear,the number of grains per ear,the number of effective panicles,ear length,ear weight,ear yield,biological yield per plant,1 000-grain weight,plant height,and drought resistance index were investigated.The variation patterns of yield traits,the correlation between yield and agronomic traits,and the contribution rate of agronomic traits to yield were analyzed.The results showed that with inter decadal changes,the drought resistance of dryland wheat varieties in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region first decreased and then rebounded,while plant height significantly decreased.The production potential continues to rise,with the largest increase of 70.75％compared to the 1950s in the 2000s across different eras.There is also an increasing trend between different eras,with relatively stable changes in production in the 1950s and 1960s(an increase of 3.94％),the larger increase in production in the 1980s and 1990s(an increase of 27.99％).The thousand-grain weight,number of grains per spike,and number of effective spikes all showed an increasing trend,with the increase range being thousand grain weight＞number of effective spikes＞number of grains per spike.The yield is extremely significantly positively correlated with thousand-grain weight(0.707**),grain number per spike(0.461**),effective spike number(0.237**),fertile spikelet number(0.488**),spike length(0.395**),spike weight(0.633**),spike yield(0.770**),and drought resistance index(0.298**).The yield contribution values of thousand-grain weight,number of grains per ear,and effective number of ears are all significant and have a positive effect,while plant height shows a negative effect.The agronomic traits of dryland wheat in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region are strongly influenced by climate change.Breeding drought resistant varieties with moderate plant height,strong drought and lodging resistance,moderate number of effective panicles,more grains per ear,and larger thousand-grain weight is a key improvement direction for dryland wheat breeding in Huanghuai Winter Wheat Region in response to future climate change.