Abstract:Objective This study addresses the need for the objective and visual representation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pulse diagnosis by proposing a real-time three-dimensional pulse diagram construction method based on a multi-point sensing pulse diagnostic device.Methods Array pressure sensors were used to synchronously collect pulse signals from the Cun,Guan,and Chi positions.By combining pulse feature point extraction and baseline drift correction algorithms,the cardiac cycle was accurately calculated,and dynamic signal restoration was achieved.In the 3D pulse diagram construction phase,radial basis function(RBF)interpolation was introduced to restore the continuous spatial distribution of the pulse.Finally,real-time dynamic display and interactive control of the 3D pulse diagram were implemented using the OpenGL graphics rendering engine.Results Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits strong robustness,real-time performance,and cross-platform operational capability.Conclusion The findings of this study can provide more objective,three-dimensional,quantifiable,and actionable diagnostic support for TCM pulse diagnosis.

Abstract:This paper employs the Chinese philosophical concept of"Li Yi Fen Shu"(One Principle,Many Manifestations)as an interpretive framework to explore the philosophical foundation and practical implications of the"Essence-Water Unity"theory from the perspective of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.The article first traces the philosophical origins of"Li Yi Fen Shu",emphasizing that traditional Chinese medicine,Western medicine,and their integration are not opposing entities but rather equal"manifestations"under the"One Principle",collectively forming a holistic landscape of medical practice.Building on this,the paper proposes a bidirectional constitutive mechanism of"outward Li Yi Fen Shu"and"inward Li Yi Fen Shu"to elucidate the interactive and cyclical relationship between philosophical theory and medical practice.Taking the"Essence-Water Unity"theory as an example,the article demonstrates its interpretive pathway—from its philosophical origins("Heaven Generates Water"and"Essence Generates All Things")to the visceral manifestation theory of traditional Chinese medicine(the kidney governs water and stores essence),and further to clinical applications in integrated medicine(such as the correlation between endometrial receptivity and uterine fluid metabolism).This reflects the dynamic process of theory evolving from"One Principle"to"Many Manifestations"and being enriched through practical feedback,embodying the generative vitality of"continuous creation".

Abstract:Mitophagy is an autophagy that selectively removes damaged and depolarized mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial activity and intracellular environment stability.Mitochondrial autophagy is involved in the pathological development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and plays an important role in many processes such as inflammatory response,bone metabolism,and ferroptosis.At present,many traditional Chinese medicine components have been shown to slow the progression of RA by regulating mitophagy.This article reviews the role and mechanism of mitophagy in RA,as well as the research of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in mitophagy in the treatment of RA,discusses the potential of mitophagy as a new strategy for RA treatment,and provides a basis for theoretical research and clinical treatment of RA.

Abstract:Gouty arthritis(GA)is an immune inflammatory disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate(MSU)crystals.Its incidence is increasing year by year and is trending younger,becoming a prominent global health issue.Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)play a crucial role in the pathological process of GA.The formation and regulation mechanisms of NETs are complex,involving multiple signaling pathways and cellular processes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has the characteristics of multiple pathways and multiple targets in the treatment of GA.On one hand,it can inhibit the formation and release of NETs,thereby alleviating the inflammatory response.On the other hand,it exerts regulatory effects on NETs by modulating relevant signaling pathways and cellular processes.This article summarizes,analyzes,and organizes the mechanism of NETs in GA,and discusses the research progress of TCM in regulating NETs to treat GA in recent years,with the aim of providing theoretical support for the research on TCM treatment of GA.

Abstract:Unearthed documents often serve to correct errors in transmitted texts.The newly published Tianhui Medical Bamboo Slips in 2023 include two parts:Mai Shu·Shang Jing and Mai Shu·Xia Jing.The Shang Jing primarily discusses pulse diagnosis methods,while the Xia Jing focuses on the progression of diseases.The pulse methods in the Shang Jing are attributed to"Bi xi Yue",referring to the pulse techniques passed down by Bian Que.These methods are mainly divided into three parts:diagnosing deficient and excessive pulses,pulse manifestations of the five Zang organs,and determining life and death by observing the Yin and Yang of the eyes.The pulse manifestations of the five Zang organs are described through imagery,which is why they have been referred to as"pulse images"in later generations.Among them,the pulse manifestation of the spleen is analogized as"like the neck of a bird,like the depth of water".This study proposes that the character"Dou"is equivalent to the term for"neck".The expression"Ru Niao Zhi Dou"depicts the gentle,rhythmic motion of a bird's neck during walking,while"Ru Shui Zhi Shen"symbolizes the concealed undercurrents within deep waters.Together with"Mao""Gou""Xian"and"Shi""Dou"constitutes the analogically derived pathological pulse patterns of the five Zang organs.This paper specifically focuses on the philological analysis of the character"Dou"as it characterizes the spleen pulse within these visceral pathological pulse patterns.

Abstract:Objective To explore the characteristics of fetal and birth periods based on the theory of five circuits and six Qi in patients with Sjögren's syndrome(SS),and analyze its etiology,pathogenesis,and prevention strategies.Methods A retrospective study was conducted.Using the permanent resident population of Beijing(n=16,021,160)under the"Taiyang-Taiyin-Jueyin-Shaoyang"major Si Tian cycle(1920-2017)as the control group,7898 SS patients diagnosed at Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,under the same major Si Tian cycle(January 2010-December 2024)were enrolled.Differences in the distribution of annual motion,Si Tian/Zai Quan,season,solar term,and six Qi during fetal and birth periods between the groups were compared and statistically analyzed.Results High-risk Five Movements and Six Qi endowments during fetal/birth periods for SS patients included:weak fire-strong earth,strong earth-weak metal annual motions;Yangming Zai Quan-Taiyin Si Tian-Taiyang Zai Quan,Shaoyang Zai Quan-Shaoyin Si Tian-Yangming Zai Quan;birth in Autumn,the highest incidence associated with the solar terms Chushu,Xiaoshu and the fifth period dominated by Yangming Zaojin.Conclusion The onset of Sjögren's Syndrome demonstrates a certain correlation with five circuits and six Qi.

Abstract:"Lightening the body"is one of the key terms in ancient Chinese medical and health-preserving literature.This study focuses on excavated bamboo and silk manuscripts as core materials to systematically organize the specific medicinals contained in prescriptions aimed at"lightening the body".A comparative analysis is conducted with the medicinals in the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica whose effects include"lightening the body",examining the compatibility patterns and usage characteristics of such medicinals.The research finds that the compatibility of"lightening the body"medicinals centers on the principle of"unblocking",influenced by the thought of Fangxian Dao(the Way of Prescriptions and Immortals).This reflects the health-preserving ideologies of the pre-Qin and Han periods and serves the needs of production and daily life.The study of"lightening the body"medicinals can provide historical references for tracing the origins of contemporary Chinese medicine theories and health-preserving practices.

Abstract:The chapter on Yangming disease in the Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases frequently mentions manifestations of mental disorders and provides unique insights into their treatment.The primary therapeutic approach often involves Da Chengqi Tang,a representative formula for syndrome of Yangming and Fu-organ excess.Notably,syndrome of Yangming and Fu-organ excess is often accompanied by significant disruption of the gut microbiota.The microbiota-gut-brain axis(MGBA)is a current research hotspot,as gut microbiota can influence many neurological diseases through this axis.Recent studies have indicated that traditional Chinese medicine can regulate gut microbiota and their metabolites,exerting neuroprotective effects,though the underlying mechanisms require further exploration.Based on the MGBA theory,this article reviews the mechanisms by which Da Chengqi Tang improves mental symptoms by modulating gut microbiota and their key metabolites,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),providing new insights for the treatment of mental disorders with traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract:Bipolar disorder is a complex mental disorder characterized by the simultaneous or alternating occurrence of manic and depressive episodes.Based on its typical clinical symptoms,it can be classified under traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)categories such as"mania-depression","mania-psychosis",or"lily disease".Liu Wansu posited that excessive intense heat is a key pathogenesis of mania-psychosis,with the heart as the primary affected organ,closely related to the liver,kidney,and stomach.This condition can thus be diagnosed and treated based on the theory of intense heat.This paper,grounded in Liu Wansu's fundamental concept of"excessive five emotions leading to intense heat"from the"theory of intense heat",integrates modern biological research mechanisms to explore the etiology,pathogenesis,and treatment principles of bipolar disorder.It aims to provide new insights and references for the clinical management of bipolar disorder.

Abstract:Based on textual analysis,this study collected and organized 41 entries containing the character"brain"from the Grand Plain of Huangdi's Internal Classic.On this foundation,the study explores the perception of"brain"in this text,aiming to enrich the understanding of"brain"in ancient Chinese medical literature.The findings indicate that the Grand Plain of Huangdi's Internal Classic demonstrates a profound understanding of the connections between the"brain"and other physiological substances or organizational structures at the physiological level,particularly in terms of the physiological status,functions,and interaction mechanisms of the"brain"with other tissues.Although the descriptions of the"brain"at the pathological level in this text are relatively limited,by summarizing and analyzing diseases related to the"brain"in the text,it is evident that during the period of the Grand Plain of Huangdi's Internal Classic,medical research had already recognized the importance of the"brain"as a site of pathology and proposed unique insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases involving the"brain".

Abstract:Autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT)is a common autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of thyroid tissue and abnormally elevated levels of specific autoantibodies in the serum.The pathogenesis of AIT is complex.Currently,modern medicine lacks specific and effective therapeutic regimens for AIT.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway mode of action,demonstrates unique advantages in the treatment of AIT.By summarizing and analyzing existing relevant literature,this paper finds that TCM can inhibit excessive inflammatory responses through pathways such as regulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance to maintain immune system function and reducing levels of oxidative stress markers.TCM can also play a role in protecting thyroid tissue by reducing thyroid autoantibodies.This paper summarizes commonly used TCM monomers and compound formulas for treating AIT,aiming to provide new ideas and directions for future clinical treatment and related basic research.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the mechanism of Duhuo Jisheng decoction in delaying intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD).Methods The chemical components of Duhuo Jisheng decoction were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS).Network pharmacology was employed to analyze the potential mechanisms of Duhuo Jisheng decoction in intervening in IDD.A tail intervertebral disc puncture model was used to observe pathological changes in intervertebral disc tissues through HE staining and safranin O-fast green staining.Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of type II collagen(COL2A),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-17,IL-1β,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),phosphorylated NF-κB(p-NF-κB),NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3(NLRP3),cleaved caspase-1,and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC).Results Mass spectrometry analysis of the compound primarily identified components such as kaempferol,formononetin,5-methoxyvisamminol,glabridin,and calycosin.The intersection of detected components and network targets yielded 37 common targets.KEGG and GO enrichment analyses indicated that key pathways mainly involved TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways,as well as TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathways.These pathways were also associated with processes such as oxidative stress response,vesicle structure,and protein homodimerization activity.It was thus hypothesized that the therapeutic mechanism may be related to inflammatory responses,among others.Animal experiments confirmed that compared with the control group,IDD model rats exhibited significant reductions in intervertebral disc height,decreased nucleus pulposus tissue content,and disorganization of the annulus fibrosus.Administration of Duhuo Jisheng decoction significantly alleviated these phenomena.Duhuo Jisheng decoction increased the downregulated expression of COL2A protein in the model group and reversed the upregulated expression of IL-6,IL-17,IL-1β,p-NF-κB,TLR4,MyD88,NLRP3,cleaved caspase-1,and ASC proteins.Conclusion Duhuo Jisheng decoction delays the progression of IDD by regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as TNF and IL-17.

Abstract:Depression syndrome is a common clinical condition involving both physical and mental aspects,with a complex pathogenesis that encompasses abnormalities in Qi Movement,physical constitution,and mental state.Based on the theory of simultaneous treatment of body and spirit,this paper constructs a three-dimensional syndrome differentiation system for depression syndrome,focusing on Qi Movement,physical Form,and mental state.From the perspective of Qi Movement,it is observed that depression syndrome often begins with Qi stagnation,which may progress to Qi dysregulation and disruption of ascending and descending functions over time.At the level of physical Form,the paper reveals the associations between damage to visceral structures,metabolic disorders of Qi,blood,and body fluids,and depression syndrome.Regarding mental state,it explores the abnormalities in mental state caused by emotional stimuli and their underlying mechanisms.This three-dimensional syndrome differentiation system aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic understanding of depression syndrome,offering new insights for precise clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment,thereby improving the diagnosis and management of depression syndrome and enhancing patients'quality of life.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the mechanism by which fibrinogen(Fg)overexpression regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a rat model of coronary heart disease(CHD)with blood stasis.Methods Twenty male SD rats were divided into four groups:control group,model group,adeno-associated virus(AAV)group,and Fg group.The control group was fed a standard diet,while the other groups were subjected to a high-fat diet,intragastric administration of vitamin D3,and subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol to establish a CHD model with blood stasis syndrome.During modeling,the control and model groups received two tail vein injections of 0.9%sodium chloride solution,the AAV group received two injections of AAV empty vector,and the Fg group received two injections of AAV to overexpress the Fg gene.After modeling,electrocardiogram(ECG)and cardiac ultrasound examinations were performed.Biochemical methods were used to measure blood lipid levels,HE staining to assess aortic pathology,TUNEL to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis,RT-qPCR to measure Wnt3a and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)gene expression levels,and Western blot to detect Wnt3a,β-catenin,Bax,and Caspase-3 protein expression.Results Compared with the control group,the model,AAV,and Fg groups showed ST-segment elevation greater than 0.1 mV on ECG.Left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)and ejection fraction(LVEF)were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the Fg group exhibited significantly higher levels of total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(P<0.05).Aortic pathology results revealed destruction of the three-layer arterial wall structure in the model and AAV groups,while the Fg group additionally showed intimal thickening with significant atherosclerotic plaque formation.Compared with the model group,the Fg group had a significantly higher cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate(P<0.05),elevated mRNA expression of Wnt3a and Bax(P<0.05),and significantly increased protein expression of Wnt3a,β-catenin,Bax,and Caspase-3(P<0.05).Conclusion Fg overexpression promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis in CHD with blood stasis syndrome,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Abstract:Master of traditional Chinese medicine Xue Boshou advocates the"harmony and integration"philosophy,which emphasizes"respecting the harmony of the Dao,harmonizing while embracing differences,reconciling disharmony to achieve harmony and integration".He is skilled in applying the broad concept of harmonizing methods to treat various diseases and syndromes.For the pathogenesis of insomnia characterized by the disharmony between Yin and Yang and the imbalance between water and fire,he uses the Lily Bulb formula to nourish heart Yin and reduce heart fire,while employing formulas such as Kongsheng Zhenzhong Dan and Liuwei Dihuang Wan to nourish and guide kidney water.This approach facilitates the harmonious interaction between the heart and kidney,water and fire.Combined with emotional regulation and guidance tailored to the etiology,the body is restored to a state of Yin-Yang harmony,achieving significant therapeutic effects.A representative case is included for illustration.

Abstract:"Imbalance of essence and Qi,dysfunction of the spirit mechanism"is a key pathogenesis of emotional disorders,yet its scientific connotation remains unclear.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),as biomarker carriers with both sensitivity and specificity,have become important tools for disease mechanism research and clinical evaluation.This paper first explains the pathogenesis of mental disorders based on the essence-Qi-spirit theory.Next,by systematically reviewing the clinical research progress on PBMCs in the field of mental disorders,it summarizes that the pathogenesis involves multiple pathological aspects,including inflammatory responses,cellular dysfunction,neurological dysfunction,metabolic disorders,and oxidative stress.Finally,guided by the principle of"harmonizing essence and Qi,restoring the function of the spirit mechanism",this paper explores the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in treating mental disorders,providing important directions for the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine in this field.

Abstract:Objective To integrate bioinformatics and machine learning methods to screen biomarkers for early diagnosis of coronary artery disease(CAD)and predict effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),providing a basis and methodological reference for the application of TCM in the early prevention and treatment of CAD.Methods This study obtained peripheral blood miRNA expression data of CAD patients from the GEO database and used R software to screen differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)was employed to identify co-expressed gene modules with high biological significance.Enrichment analysis was performed on the overlapping genes between DEGs and the modules screened by WGCNA.The LASSO algorithm was used to predict characteristic genes of CAD,and hub genes were screened based on the STRING database and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.The overlapping genes were considered potential biomarkers.Subsequently,the differential expression of key genes was validated in different datasets,and their diagnostic value was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was conducted to identify pathways significantly enriched for key genes in CAD.Finally,based on the key genes,targeted TCM for CAD treatment was predicted using the Coremine Medical platform,and their efficacy,properties,and meridian tropism were analyzed in combination with TCM theory.Results A total of 391 DEGs were identified in this study,and 156 genes were screened through WGCNA.The intersection yielded 48 genes closely associated with CAD.Enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in pathways such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)signaling pathway and osteoclast differentiation.Through algorithms such as LASSO regression,aquaporin 9(AQP9)and FK-506 binding protein 5(FKBP5)were screened as potential biomarkers for CAD,and ROC curve analysis confirmed their high diagnostic efficacy(AUC>0.78).GSEA further revealed that AQP9 and FKBP5 were significantly enriched in biological processes such as immune regulation,metabolic regulation,and cellular signal transduction in CAD.Finally,15 types of Chinese materia medica,including Chishao(Paeoniae Radix Rubra),Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Zhishi(Aurantii Fructus Immaturus),and Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),were predicted for the treatment of CAD.Conclusion This study utilized bioinformatics and machine learning techniques to screen biomarkers for early diagnosis of CAD and targeted Chinese materia medica,providing a reference for the early prevention and treatment of CAD with TCM.

Abstract:Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a cardiac disorder characterized by palpitations,angina pectoris,and heart failure in the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors.The pathogenesis of DCM is highly complex,and the inflammatory immune response(IIR)caused by autonomic dysfunction is the core link in the development of DCM.In recent years,the neuro-immune interaction has become a research hotspot in the field of acupuncture treatment for immune-related disorders.Notably,there has been no systematic report on the research of acupuncture improving DCM through vagus nerve-mediated anti-inflammatory pathways.This paper systematically reviews the relationship between DCM and inflammatory immune responses,as well as the regulatory effects of acupuncture on related inflammatory cytokines in anti-inflammatory pathways,and it was initially revealed that acupuncture may activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway(CAIP)and/or vagus nerve-adrenal axis through the"vagus nerve-immune"interaction,balance the"inflammation-immune"homeostasis of the heart,thereby improving the myocardial inflammatory injury and fibrosis process of diabetic cardiomyopathy.It provides new therapeutic ideas and scientific support for the subsequent clinical application of acupuncture therapy in preventing and treating the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Abstract:Objective To explore the acupoint selection patterns for acupuncture in promoting gastrointestinal function recovery after gastrointestinal tumor surgery using data mining and complex network analysis,and to summarize core acupoints and their combinations to provide a scientific basis for optimizing clinical treatment protocols.Methods Clinical studies on acupuncture for postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery after gastrointestinal tumor were retrieved from Chinese and English databases,spanning from their inception to January 4,2025.Frequency analysis was conducted using Excel,association rule analysis with SPSS Modeler 18.0,cluster analysis with SPSS Statistics 26.0,and complex network analysis,including K-core and community detection,was performed using Gephi 0.10.1 to summarize acupoint selection patterns and their correlations with syndrome types.Results A total of 211 studies were included,involving 78 acupoints with a cumulative usage frequency of 869.Millineed needle acupuncture was the primary intervention,with Zusanli(ST36)being the most frequently used acupoint,followed by Neiguan(PC6)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The stomach meridian of Zu-Yangming was the most commonly utilized meridian,with acupoints predominantly located in the lower limbs.Association rule analysis identified"Zusanli(ST36)-Sanyinjiao(SP6)"as a core acupoint combination.Cluster analysis grouped high-frequency acupoints into three categories,while complex network analysis revealed two core acupoint clusters.Analysis of syndrome-specific acupoint combinations provided insights into tailored acupoint selections for different syndrome types.Conclusion Acupuncture treatment for postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery after gastrointestinal tumor is divided into two major categories:distal point selection and proximal point selection.It follows the principles of selecting points along meridians and matching Yin and Yang,with ST36,PC6,and ST37 as core points,and the stomach meridian and spleen meridian as the primary meridians.Clinically,points can be selected and adjusted based on the syndrome type to optimize the treatment plan.

Abstract:This paper elaborates on the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)approach to treating systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)based on the theory of"Body-Viscera Combined Impediment".This theory not only encompasses the clinical characteristics of SLE but also serves as a crucial theoretical foundation for TCM in managing SLE.The theory emphasizes that Yin deficiency with blood heat is the core pathogenesis of SLE,while the imbalance between pathogenic factors and healthy Qi represents the primary perspective on SLE pathogenesis.The equilibrium of this relationship determines the progression and prognosis of SLE,making harmonizing and balancing pathogenic factors and healthy Qi the overarching principle in SLE treatment.The holistic view and syndrome differentiation are essential foundations and practical applications of the"Body-Viscera Combined Impediment"theory.By leveraging the advantages of TCM in simultaneous treatment of the body and viscera,harmonizing and dispelling pathogenic factors,and multi-targeted regulation based on the concept of"simultaneous treatment of body and viscera",it is anticipated that patient benefits can be maximized.The"Body-Viscera Combined Impediment"theory can serve as a new perspective for mutual interpretation between TCM and Western medicine theories regarding SLE,as well as provide new insights and theoretical foundations for the prevention,treatment,and modernization research of SLE using TCM.