Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the survival time of HIV/AIDS patients and its influencing factors in Putuo District of Shanghai from 1999 to 2023.METHODS Data were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.To conduct a retrospective study,life table method was used to calculate the survival time,Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curve,and Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the survival-related factors in HIV/AIDS patients.RESULTS The study included 1 227 cases of HIV/AIDS patients.The all-cause death mortality was 1.17/100 person-years,and the median survival time was 79.5(41.3～122.6)months.Non-aids-related deaths accounted for 59.6％ of the deaths.The cumulative survival probabilities of 1,3,5,10 and15 years after diagnosis were 95.9％,94.3％,93.6％,91.0％ and 87.4％,respectively.Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients at age 50 and older at diagnosis(HR=7.74,95％CI:3.31～18.12),primary school education and below(HR=3.56,95％CI:1.20～10.57),and patients with no antiviral therapy(HR=11.42,95％CI:5.99～21.75)had a higher risk of death,while CD4T count＞350/μL(HR=0.28,95％CI:0.14～0.57)had a lower risk of death.CONCLUSION The main influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients survival time in Putuo District of Shanghai from 1999 to 2023 were age at diagnosis,whether antiviral therapy was taken or not,and the first CD4+T count.Non-aids-related deaths account for the majority of deaths in HIV/AIDS patients.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Shouguang from 2014 to 2023 and the coverage of varicella vaccine(VarV)in the population aged 1～17 years,providing reference and basis for the prevention and control of varicella.METHODS The cases of varicella reported by the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in Shouguang from 2014 to 2023 were collected.Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence of varicella.RESULTS A total of 957 varicella cases were reported in Shouguang from 2014 to 2023,with an average annual incidence of 8.72/105.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates between genders(x2=30.01,P＜0.05).The average annual reported incidence of the total population,was a increasing trend from 2014 to 2021,as shown by the annual percentage change(APC)of 13.98％(95％CI:-3.88％～35.14％),and then the trend rapid decreased from 2021 to 2023,with the APC of-57.23％(95％CI:92.83％～155.10％).The high incidence period of varicella was May to July and November to January of the next year.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates between genders,The reported incidence was highest in 10～14 years old(50.54/105).The incidence of different age groups was compared,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=2 619.03,P＜0.05).The main morbidity crowds were students(652 cases,68.13％)and scattered children(81 cases,8.46％).A total of 265 247 doses of VarV were inoculated in Shouguang from 2014 to 2023.The vaccination rate of the VarV1 and VarV2 in school-age children showed a fluctuating upward trend,with the AAPC of 7.13％(95％CI:2.74％～11.71％)and 15.95％(95％CI:6.54％～26.19％),respectively.The variation trends were statistically significant(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Shouguang should strengthen the publicity and education of varicella prevention knowledge,increase the vaccination rate of VarV2,and further reduce the incidence of varicella.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of influenza among primary and secondary school students and preschool children in Qingpu District,Shanghai,and provide scientific evidence for optimizing school-based influenza prevention and control strategies.METHODS Using the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,we collected influenza case data for primary and secondary school students and preschool children in Qingpu District from 2019 to 2024.It collected and organized follow-up information on confirmed influenza cases,analyzed temporal and population distribution characteristics using descriptive epidemiological methods,calculated incidence rates and compared differences,and analyzed disease burden factors such as symptom duration and medical costs.RESULTS From 2019 to 2024,a total of 8 755 influenza cases were reported among students and preschool children in Qingpu District,with an average annual incidence rate of 15.06‰.Cases showed a distinct seasonal peak distribution during the winter and spring months(November to January of the following year).The highest incidence rate was observed among elementary school students(19.48‰),followed by middle school students(15.30‰)and preschool children(12.19‰).The duration of fever and other influenza-like symptoms in confirmed cases was(5.94±1.76)days,with a hospitalization rate of 0.28％,a complication rate of 1.94％,an antiviral drug usage rate of 82.20％,an antibiotic usage rate of 7.67％,and total medical costs of(409.22±187.13)yuan.CONCLUSION The influenza prevention and control situation among primary and secondary school students and preschool children in Qingpu District is severe.Influenza prevention and control should focus on the high-incidence periods in winter and spring,and measures such as enhanced monitoring and non-pharmacological interventions should be strengthened.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To summarize the hot diseases treated by musk,explore the research hot spots,development trends and shortcomings in the field of musk research,and put forward suggestions for future research directions of musk.METHODS The Chinese literature related to Musk research in China National Know ledge Infrasructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data knowledge Service platform,Weipu Chinese journals and China Biomedical Literature Service System were searched from the date of database construction to 2023.English literature related to Musk research in Web of Science,PubMed and Embase from the date of database construction to 2023 was retrieved and imported into EndNote for literature management.VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R2 were used to draw keyword co-occurrence,clusters and emergence maps.RESULTS A total of 10 611 articles conforming to the criteria were included in the Chinese database and 3 768 articles conforming to the criteria in the English database.The top three keywords in Chinese literature were"Shexiang Baoxin pill""coronary heart disease""angina pectoris".The top three keywords in English literature were"musk""animals""unclassified drug".Keyword cluster analysis showed that 9 effective clusters were obtained in both Chinese and English literature.The keyword emergence analysis showed that 25 emergent words were obtained in both Chinese and English literatures.CONCLUSION The current development trend in the field of musk is good,and the research hotspot in the field of musk is focused on the preparation of proprietary Chinese medicine,clinical application and pharmacological research.The hot diseases treated by musk are mainly cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.Next,it should further study the pharmacological effects of musk,and study the treatment of other diseases.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To understand Screening result and consultation of scoliosis of middle school students and high school students in Nanhai District of Foshan,and to provide advice about Screening quality and comparability of suspected scoliosis rate.METHODS From January to December 2024,a cluster random sample of 43 337 students from 20 junior and senior high schools in Nanhai District of Foshan,was selected to collect basic information,screening results for scoliosis,and follow up on medical consultations conducted by school doctors.The survey results were analyzed.RESULTS Among 43 337 students,4 760 were identified as suspected scoliosis cases,representing a detection rate of 10.98％.The distribution was as follows:3 522 cases(8.13％)were Grade Ⅰ scoliosis,1 027(2.37％)were Grade Ⅱ,and 211(0.49％)were Grade Ⅲ.Statistical significance was observed across gender and grade comparisons(x2=271.645,131.331,P＜0.05).Female students showed a higher detection rate of 13.64％ compared to males(8.67％).The detection rates decreased in the following order:13.17％ in Grade 2 High School/Vocational High School,11.47％ in Grade 1 High School/Vocational High School,11.76％in Grade 3 Junior High School,10.68％in Grade 2 Junior High School,and 8.06％in Grade 1 Junior High School.Of the 4 502 students who completed follow-up,1 680 received medical consultation(37.32％).Among these,1 269 provided radiographic assessment results.CONCLUSION The screening and detection rate of scoliosis among youths in Nanhai District of Foshan is not optimistic,and the intention to seek medical attention needs to be improved.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To understand the tobacco use prevalence among Residents aged 15 and above in Chenggong District,analyze its influencing factors,assess the exposure of residents to secondhand smoke,and evaluate their awareness of the harms of tobacco,and to provide a scientific basis for targeted tobacco control efforts and the formulation of tobacco control strategies.METHODS A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to conduct a sampling survey of 1 410 permanent residents aged 15 and above in 8 streets of the district.RESULTS In 2024,the current smoking rate among residents aged 15 and above in Chenggong District was 31.5％,the quit rate was 9.5％,and the relapse rate was 73.3％.Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors for smoking behavior were gender,age,and occupation,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The weekly secondhand smoke exposure rate among non-smokers was 61.7％,with households being the most common exposure setting.The overall awareness rate of four diseases potentially caused by smoking(stroke,heart disease,lung cancer,impotence)was 28.1％,while the overall awareness rate of three diseases potentially caused by secondhand smoke(heart disease in adults,lung disease in children,and lung cancer in adults)was 47.0％.CONCLUSION The current smoking rate among residents aged 15 and above in Chenggong District is relatively high,secondhand smoke exposure is severe,and awareness of tobacco-related harms is low.It is necessary to strengthen tobacco control publicity and health education,promote smoking cessation services,and advance the construction of smoke-free environments.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rubella cases in Dingxi from 2011 to 2023,and to monitor the genotype of confirmed rubella cases.METHODS Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence rate,epidemiological characteristics and immune history of rubella cases in Dingxi.RESULTS A total of 1 155 rubella cases were reported in Dingxi from 2011 to 2003,with an average annual incidence rate of 2.95/105.The incidence rate of rubella remained at a very low level from 2011 to 2018,and the incidence rate of rubella reached the highest level in history in 2019.Rubella cases had been reported in every month of the year,but there was a clear seasonal pattern,mainly concentrated from March to June.All counties and districts in Dingxi had reported cases of rubella,and Zhangxian County had the highest incidence rate.The age of onset is mainly between 12 and 23 years old,accounting for 94.64％ of the total case.The main affected population was students,accounting for 97.40％ of the total cases.92.64％ of cases had no history of immunization with vaccines containing rubella components(RCV)or unknown immunization history.The genotypes of rubella virus strains in Dingxi were 1E and 2B genotypes.CONCLUSION The rubella epidemic in Dingxi shows obvious age clustering and immune gaps,and it is necessary to strengthen vaccination among young people and school epidemic prevention and control..

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between lifestyle and pulmonary sarcoidosis,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of the threshold advance of lung cancer.METHODS Based on the early diagnosis and Treatment project platform of Nanchang,questionnaire information and low-dose spiral CT diagnosis results of high-risk groups with positive preliminary screening for lung cancer were collected from January 9,2019 to January 9,2022.A total of 293 patients with pulmonary nodules screened out were selected as the case group based on the principle of 1∶1 matching,and those with negative screening results during the same period were selected as the control group.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors related to pulmonary nodules.RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that family history of lung cancer,lung disease history,oil smoke exposure history and smoking history had statistical significance between case group and control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in family history of other tumors,occupational exposure history,passive smoking,alcohol consumption,regular consumption of fruits,and regular physical activity between the case group and the control group(P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that family history of lung cancer was a risk factor for pulmonary nodule occurrence,while regular consumption of vegetables was a protective factor for pulmonary nodule occurrence.CONCLUSION The risk factors of pulmonary sarcoidosis in Nanchang include family history of lung cancer,lung disease history,oil smoke exposure history and smoking.It is important to promote healthy life style to prevent lung cancer.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE Understand the impact of lifestyle of primary and secondary school students in Ningxia on scoliosis,and provide data support for scoliosis prevention and control work.METHODS From September 2021 to June 2022,a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 595 primary and secondary school students from Jinfeng District,Shapotou District,Yanchi County,Pingluo County of Ningxia.As the research objects,questionnaire surveys,physical measurements and spinal screening were conducted,and clinical diagnoses of scoliosis were conducted for those who were screened positive.The x2 test with a weighted complex sampling design and multivariate unconditional logistic regression were used to analyze the impact of lifestyle on scoliosis.RESULTS The weighted prevalence of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students in Ningxia was 3.07％.Multivariate analysis showed that students who often or always sat on one side reclining(OR=2.54,95％CI:1.10～5.86)and took a nap at the desk(OR=3.54,95％CI:1.89～6.61)had a higher risk of developing scoliosis(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The weighted prevalence of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students in Ningxia was higher than the national detection rate(2.8％)in 2019.Special attention should be paid to students who frequently adopt unilateral reclining sitting posture or sleeping on desks.Scientific education and preventive interventions should be implemented to reduce the risk of scoliosis.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To explore the accessibility of online medical services in Guangzhou and its main influencing factors,and provides a reference for improving the service level of online medical service platforms.METHODS From December 2023 to February 2024,a convenience sampling method was used to survey 475 residents of Guangzhou,and interviews were conducted with health service personnel to comprehensively analyze the current status and influencing factors of online medical service accessibility.RESULTS Among 475 survey respondents,251(52.84％)utilized online healthcare service platforms.The platform users' evaluation of accessibility across four dimensions yielded average scores:availability(4.52±1.41),accessibility(16.32±2.66),acceptability(15.73±2.83),and adaptability(13.52±2.66).Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that availability was influenced by disease frequency in the past year,usage duration,and payment willingness;accessibility by payment willingness;acceptability by age and payment willingness;adaptability by age,disease frequency in the past year,payment willingness,and annual household income.CONCLUSION The platforms should implement online healthcare service promotion and education,strengthen the security of the payment system,provide personalized services,and carry out cross-sectoral cooperation to improve patients' utilization of online healthcare service platforms.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the surveillance data of schistosomiasis in Xiangcheng district of Suzhou from 2018 to 2024,so as to provide insights into the formulation of the strategy used to consolidate the schistosomiasis elimination achievements.METHODS The data,including survey and eradication of oncomelania hupensis,surveillance results in population and livestock as well as wild feces,were collected from 2018 to 2024,and analyzed to estimate the risk of schistosomiasis occurrence and transmission in Xiangcheng district of Suzhou.RESULTS From 2018 to 2024,a total of 21.66 hm2 snail habitats were found,and among the 3 520 snails dissected,no schistosome-infected snails were found.Chemical treatment covered an area of 83.26 hm2,two oncomelania snail control projects were completed.31 339 permanent residents and 4 015 floating people underwent blood test,which indicated positive serology rate by 0.01％ and 0.There was no positive findings by stool examination.A total of 362 wild faeces samples were collected but no schistosome infested cases were found.The risk for schistosomiasis transmission was rated as grade Ⅲ in Xiangcheng District.CONCLUSION The schistosomiasis epidemic situation has been effectively controlled in Xiangcheng district.However,factors contributing to disease transmission continue to exist.The integrated schistosomiasis control strategy requires to be reinforced to consolidate the control achievements.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in high-risk populations in Heilongjiang Province,providing evidence for policy formulation.METHODS Using stratified cluster random sampling,41 474 permanent residents were recruited from 6 monitoring sites(Harbin,Jixi,Heihe,Shuangyashan,Mudanjiang,Qiqihar)in Heilongjiang Province between May 2022 and December 2023.Data were collected through electronic questionnaires.High-risk individuals were defined as those scoring ≥16 on the COPD-SQ(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Screening Questionnaire).Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine risk factors.RESULTS Among the participants,6 961 individuals(16.78％)were identified as high-risk,with higher prevalence in males and significant increases after age 50.Regional disparities were observed,with Shuangyashan showing the highest prevalence(21.57％)and Mudanjiang the lowest(6.79％).Key risk factors included smoking,exposure to biofuels,and low body weight,with smoking being the most significant.CONCLUSION Identifying high-risk populations and regions in Heilongjiang Province,along with emphasizing biofuel exposure control,smoking cessation,and nutritional improvement for underweight individuals,will facilitate targeted interventions and policy development.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE Based on CiteSpace bibliometric software to systematically analyze research hotspots,evolutionary trajectories,and future trends in frailty studies focusing on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)among elderly populations,integrating quantitative and qualitative perspectives.METHODS Data were sourced from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and Web of Science Core Collection databases,encompassing publicly published Chinese and English literature from their inception to December 31,2024.CiteSpace 6.4.R1 was employed to conduct co-occurrence network analyses of authors,institutions,and keywords,alongside generating keyword burst detection maps and clustering maps.RESULTS A total of 235 Chinese and 6 English articles were included.Four major research hotspots in TCM for preventing and managing frailty among Chinese elderly were identified:"comorbidity management""integrated TCM-Western medicine approaches and visceral deficiency theory""constitution and syndrome-based treatment"and"TCM traditional exercises".CONCLUSION Future efforts should enhance domestic and international collaboration,leverage policy support for TCM,and explore innovative multidimensional interventions to address frailty in China's aging population.Integrating TCM with modern technology will provide distinctive Chinese strategies and high-quality healthcare services for elderly individuals with frailty.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics,antiretroviral therapy(ART)in children aged 0-14 years with HIV/AIDS in Wuzhou,providing a scientific basis for HIV prevention and control in the population.METHODS Statistical analysis was conducted on cumulative reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 0-14 years using historical case report cards from the Comprehensive HIV Prevention and Control Data Information System.RESULTS By the end of 2023,a total of 53 cases of HIV/AIDS among people aged 0～14 had been reported in the city.The average age at the time of confirmed HIV infection was(5.04±4.40)years old.Most of them lived in rural areas(86.79％).The main route of transmission was mother-to-child transmission(47/53,88.68％).CD4+T lymphocyte tests were conducted on 50 cases(94.34％),and the results showed that 20 cases(40.00％)had less than 200 cells/ul,40 cases(75.47％)participated in antiviral treatment,with a timely treatment rate of 33.96％.The proportion of those who received treatment within one year after confirmation was 49.06％(26 cases).CONCLUSION The coverage rate of antiviral therapy and the rate of timely treatment in children with AIDS are low.It is especially a problem in rural areas,which are weak spots in preventing and controlling AIDS among children.We need to take specific steps to improve the ability to prevent and control AIDS among children,and achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of AIDS.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To understand the situation of pesticide residues in vegetables in Nantong,and to provide scientific ba-sis for taking targeted food supervision measures.METHODS According to the National Work Manual on Risk Monitoring of Food Contaminants and Harmful Factors,samples were collected from farmers' markets,supermarkets and other different procurement links in 7 counties of Nantong from 2021 to 2023 to detect vegetable pesticide residues,and the data were analyzed.RESULTS A to-tal of 78 vegetable samples were detected from 2021 to 2023,of which 61 were positive for pesticide residues,with a total detection rate of 78.2％,8 exceeding the standard,and 10.3％ exceeding the standard.The highest detection rate of insecticide was thianidin with a concentration of 0.011～3.830 mg/kg,and the highest detection rate of fungicide was acylenomorph with a concentration of 0.002～2.070 mg/kg.The food safety index value of pesticides in the 8 kinds of vegetables exceeding the pesticide standard ranges from 0.003 to 0.064,all＜1,and the potential harm to human body caused by the pesticide residues exceeding the standard is within the acceptable range.In addition,among the 8 pesticides that exceeded the target,3 were banned by the state.CONCLUSION The vegetables with excessive agricultural residues did not cause health hazards from 2021 to 2023.The prohibited pesticide residues were one of the reasons for the excessive pesticide residues in vegetables.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyzed the etiological characteristics and prevalence of respiratory tract infection in Jiamusi in 2024,explored the epidemic characteristics of multi-pathogen respiratory tract infection,and provided scientific basis for the pre-vention and control of respiratory tract infection in Jiamusi.METHODS Respiratory infection cases in Jiamusi in 2024 were collect-ed,and 15 kinds of respiratory pathogens were detected by multiple real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and the re-sults were analyzed.RESULTS In 2024,318 samples of respiratory multi-pathogen nucleic acid test were positive,with a positive rate of 31.49％.14 pathogens were detected,including 253 cases of single pathogen infection and 65 cases of mixed infection.In single pathogen infection,the detection rate of viruses was higher in rhinovirus,influenza virus and novel coronavirus,while the detection rate of non-viruses was higher in Haemophilus influenzae,Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae;the positive rate was higher in February,March and December,and the difference between the positive rates of each month was statisti-cally significant(x2=81.187,P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in positive rate between men and women(x2=1.731,P＞0.05).The positive rate of the age group under 5 years old and 6～14 years old was high,which were 43.90％ and 43.93％ respectively,and the difference of the positive rate between each age group was statistically significant(x2=12.648,P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the detection rate of pathogen in ILI and SARI cases(x2=5.346,P＞0.05).CON-CLUSION Respiratory infections in Jiamusi exhibit pathogen diversity with year-round occurrence.The infection rate shows no gen-der correlation,predominantly affecting infants,preschoolers,and school-age children.With winter-spring being the peak sea-son,this highlights the need to prioritize multi-pathogen prevention strategies for populations under 14 years old.Targeted public education campaigns should be implemented to raise awareness about these prevention measures.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Ningde and provide a reference basis for formulating measles prevention and control strategies.METHODS Collect and organize all reported measles case data from Ningde between 2013 and 2024,sourced from the Measles Surveillance System and the National Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Ningde from 2013 to 2024.RESULTS From 2013 to 2024,a total of 110 measles cases were reported in Ningde,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.31/105,fluctuating between 0 and 1.58/105.There was a distinct seasonal distribution,mainly concentrated from May to October.The top three counties(cities,districts)in terms of average annual incidence rate were Jiaocheng District(1.01/105),Zhouning County(0.59/105),and Fu'an City(0.26/105).The male-to-female ratio was 1.2∶1(60/50).The age distribution was mainly concentrated in the ≥ 15-year-old age group(51/110).The top three occupations were scattered children(50.0％),farmers(15.5％),and housework and unemployed(5.5％).The proportions of those who received 0 doses,1 dose,2 doses,and had unknown immunization history of measles-containing vaccines were 46.4％,13.6％,5.5％,and 34.5％,respectively.CONCLUSION The incidence of measles in Ningde from 2013 to 2024 showed a downward trend and was generally at a low level.Effective measures need to be continuously taken to further maintain the low incidence of measles.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of acute hepatitis B virus infection in Putuo District of Shanghai from 2008 to 2024,and to provide evidence for hepatitis B prevention and control strategies.METHODS The data on acute hepatitis B in Putuo District of Shanghai from 2008 to 2024 were collected.Descriptive epidemiological methods and Joinpoint regression model were used for statistical analysis,and the average annual percent change(AAPC)was calculated.RESULTS From 2008 to 2024,a total of 1 132 acute hepatitis B cases were reported,with an average annual incidence rate of 5.40/105.The reported incidence rate exhibited a statistically significant decreasing trend(AAPC=-28.05％,P＜0.01).The male-to-female ratio of reported cases was 1.47∶1(674∶458).During this period,both male(AAPC=-26.68,P＜0.0 1)and female(AAPC=-27.22％,P＜0.01)incidence rates exhibited declining trends.The majority of cases(41.96％)occurred in the[50,70)age group,and the highest average annual incidence rate observed in the[50,60)subgroup(9.72/105).Retirees constituted the predominant occupational category(42.93％,486/1 132).No distinct seasonal pattern was identified in disease occurrence.From a geographical distribution perspective,the subdistricts with higher average annual incidence rates include Caoyang Subdistrict,Changzheng Subdistrict,and Zhenru Subdistrict.CONCLUSION From 2008 to 2024,the reported incidence rate of acute hepatitis B in Putuo District of Shanghai,demonstrated a continuous declining trend,with males exhibiting higher incidence rates compared to females.The affected population was predominantly composed of middle-aged and elderly individuals.It is recommended to further utilize the Shanghai Chronic Hepatitis Demonstration Zone platform to enhance screening of high-risk populations,promote adult hepatitis B vaccination,and consolidate prevention and control achievements.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the current situation of personnel construction of medical institutions in Derung-Nu Autonomous County Gongshan of Yunnan Province,to help optimize the allocation of human resources in regional medical institutions and to improve medical service capacity.METHODS The census method was used to investigate the basic situation of 33 medical institutions in Gongshan County in 2022.It was used to analyze the number,structure and turnover of staff of medical institutions in the county from 2018 to 2022.RESULTS The total number of medical institution personnel in the county was 274 in 2022,mainly young and middle-aged,with an average age of 35.2 years,while the average age of village clinic personnel reached 41.6 years.Educationally 65.0％ of the institution's personnel had a bachelor's degree.In terms of changes in human resources,there was a general phenomenon of staff loss,with a net loss of 14 people from township health centers over the five-year period,and the average age of the inflow of staff being 1.4 years older than that of the outflow.CONCLUSION Primary medical institutions in the county are less attractive to medical professionals,and how to improve the attractiveness of positions and stabilize medical practitioners have become an important issue in building the workforce.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and treatment delay of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis pa-tients in Anxi County,providing a basis for optimizing tuberculosis control measures among the elderly.METHODS Data on elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 60 and above registered from 2018 to 2024 were collected from the Tuberculosis Information Management System under the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,with retrospective descriptive epidemio-logical approach and statistical analysis which was conducted using SPSS 24.0 software.RESULTS The average annual registration rate of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Anxi County from 2018 to 2024 was 108.74/105,showing a declining trend(x2=9.232,P＜0.01).Elderly patients accounted for an average of 41.20％(1 286/3 121)of all patients,with an increasing trend(x2=16.162,P＜0.01).The average annual registration rate for elderly male patients was significantly higher than that for females(x2=565.131,P＜0.01),while there were no statistically significant differences between the 60～70,70～80,and＞80 age groups(x2=0.066,P＞0.05).90％(1 162/1 286)of elderly patients were farmers.6 towns(Chengxiang,Guanqiao,Fengcheng,Longmen,Penglai,and Huqiu)accounted for 57.78％(743/1 286)of the elderly patients,with relatively high average registration rates.The overall rate of delayed treatment among elderly patients was 58.71％(755/1 286),showing an upward trend(x2=51.278,P＜0.01).CONCLU-SION Although the average annual registration rate of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Anxi County from 2018 to 2024 has been decreasing,it remains at a high level.Elderly individuals remain a key focus group for future tuberculosis control efforts in Anxi County.It is crucial to enhance the dissemination of tuberculosis prevention knowledge among the elderly and proactively con-duct annual screening for tuberculosis among them.