Abstract:Wheat plays a vital role in ensuring food security and promoting agricultural production in China.The growth of population and the change of environment in China put forward higher requirements for modern wheat breeding.This article aims to understand the importance and breeding process of wheat breeding in China,to clarify the current situation of wheat breeding in China compared with the international wheat breeding level,and to explore the future development direction of wheat breeding in China,and to promote the development of wheat and ensure food security.

Abstract:Excessive control is one of the main factors affecting soybean yield.This study explored the yield and key agronomic traits of soybean under light control conditions,to provide a theoretical basis for high yield cultivation of soybean in northern Henan.The main soybean cultivars in northern Henan,Zheng 1307,Zheng 1311 and Zhonghuang 301,were used as test varieties,and the light control treatment was set up as spraying 2.5%doxycycline·7.5%mepiquat chloride 600 g/ha at the time of primordial blossom,while the control(CK)was the no-control treatment,so as to compare the yields,agronomic traits and the number of grains per pod of the different varieties of soybeans in the light control treatment and the no-control treatment,as well as the correlation between the yields and the agronomic traits,grain number per pod.The results showed that compared with CK,the yields of Zheng 1307,Zheng 1311 and Zhonghuang 301 with light control increased by 4.24%,9.26%and 17.00%,respectively;the plant heights,effective pods and number of grains per pod increased;and the number of ineffective pods was less.Among them,yield was positively correlated with the number of effective pods,the number of grains per plant,the number of one pod,the number of two pods,and the number of three pods,and negatively correlated with the height of the plant,the height of the bottom pods,the thickness of the stem,the number of nodes in the main stem,the number of effective branches,and the number of ineffective pods;the number of effective pods was positively correlated with the number of grains per plant and the number of two pods in a highly significant way;the number of effective branches was significantly positively correlated with the height of bottom pods;and the number of two pods was significantly positively correlated with the number of one pod.Spraying 2.5%polystyrene·7.5%mepiquat chloride 600 g/ha at the primordial flowering stage positively affected soybean yield,and further explored suitable measures to lightly control exuberance,providing reference for soybean production.

Abstract:The basic requirement for building a strong agricultural country is to realize agricultural modernization.At present,the internet of things,big data,artificial intelligence,5G and other new-generation information technology accelerate penetration and are deeply integrated with the agricultural industry,in line with the trend of the rapid development of digital technology and intelligent technology,Chifeng City should promote the development of the agricultural industry towards smart agriculture.It introduces the current situation of the development of smart agriculture in Chifeng City,analyzes the existing problems,and puts forward countermeasures to solve them,with a view to playing a driving role in the modernization of agriculture and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in Chifeng City and even the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Abstract:This study aimed to screen high-yield and high-quality wheat varieties suitable for ecological conditions in Jiaozuo City.Jiaozuo Seed Industry Development Center carried out a demonstration and comparison test of 41 new wheat varieties in 2024-2025(Huaichuan 122,Huaichuan 267,Yunong 912,Jixing 653,Zhengmai 1835,Zhengmai 129,Zhongxinmai 998,Liangke 6,Taihemai 5,Huaichuan 109,Shengmaiyuan 3268,Luomai 47,Quanmai 39,Jixing 336,Yunong 916,Guoyang 537,Xinliang 11,Yongfeng 103,Wenmai 802,Wenyu 709,Fenggong 38,Sui 1615,Weilong 123,Zhengmai 919,Weilong 169,Liangke 5,Xichun 169,Jimai 337,Zhengmai 33,Mengyuan 668,Xinong 1366,Ping'an 658,Xinmai 1,Wenmai 188,Zhongmai 688,Wenmai 758,Xuanmai 199,Jiuheng 369,Xinong 579,Xinong 537,Xinong 156),and the control variety was Yingman 208.Under the condition of unified cultivation and management,the agronomic traits,resistance and yield of the tested wheat were investigated.The results showed that the whole growth period of Zhengmai 1835 and Mengyuan 668 was relatively short,which was 219 days.The plant heights of Huaichuan 122,Huaichuan 267 and Yunong 912 were all relatively low,being 73.2,74.5 and 74.6 cm respectively.The disease resistance,lodging resistance and cold resistance of the tested wheat were all good.The theoretical yields of Wenmai 758,Xuanmai 199 and Fenggong 38 were all relatively high,being 14 104.8,12 678.3 and 12 296.4 kg/ha respectively.In summary,among the 41 wheat varieties tested,the varieties with outstanding comprehensive performance were Wenmai 758,Xuanmai 199,Fenggong 38,Huaichuan 267,Xinliang 11,Tuomai 1,Xinong 579,Zhongmai 688,Weilong 169,Jimai 337,Shengmaiyuan 3268 and Quanmai 39.The research results provide a scientific basis for the selection and layout of the main wheat varieties in Jiaozuo City,promote the upgrading of wheat varieties and the improvement of yield per unit area,and are of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of regional wheat industry and ensuring food security.

Abstract:This study aimed to better promote and apply the virus-free technology of sweet potato stem tip meristem tissue culture,the application prospects and problems of the development of sweet potato virus-free seedling industry were analyzed by summarizing the incidence and harm of sweet potato virus diseases in China,including the lack of quality supervision of sweet potato virus-free seedlings,the urgent need to strengthen the breeding system,and the urgent need to improve the promotion system.The countermeasures to promote the development of sweet potato virus-free seedling industry were put forward,including optimizing breeding technology,strengthening quality supervision,building breeding system and promotion system,and to promote the high-quality development of sweet potato virus-free seedling industry.

Abstract:Since 2025,the domestic wheat market was generally stable with slight fluctuations,wheat prices were generally operating around the lowest purchase price level,the demand for flour was weak,the advantages of feeding alternatives had increased,the market speculation on new grain production,and the game mentality of both buyers and sellers was obvious.In May,the summer grains were harvested and marketed one after another,the new wheat purchase prices were stable,the yield situation was improved,the quality was better than in 2024,causing wheat prices to roll back to the lowest purchase price level in some regions.With the smooth and orderly implementation of wheat procurement work,driven by policy support and increased feed demand,etc.,multiple market players will actively enter the market and wheat prices will rise steadily.It is predicted that the wheat market purchasing and selling will be basically stable in the later stage of 2025,supported by policies and inhibited by weak demand,the prices will fluctuate narrowly around the minimum acquisition price level.

Abstract:In order to clarify the effects of exogenous α-ketoglutarate on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of wheat seedlings under adversity stress,Zhumai 305 was used as the test variety by indoor hydroponic method,normal growing wheat seedlings were used as control 1(CK1),normal growth wheat seedlings under exogenous application of 5 mmol/L α-ketoglutarate were used as control 2(CK2),this experiment studied the influence of exogenous application of 5 mmol/L α-ketoglutarate on the biomass,chlorophyll content,total nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content,ammonium nitrogen content,and nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS),glutamate dehydrogenase(NADH-GDH)activities of wheat seedlings under normal condition,low nitrogen,drought,and low nitrogen+drought stress.The results showed that,compared with CK1 and CK2,wheat seedling biomass,chlorophyll content,total nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content,ammonium nitrogen content,and NR,GS,NADH-GDH activities were reduced under low nitrogen stress without exogenous α-ketoglutarate,and increased after exogenous application of α-ketoglutarate;wheat seedling biomass,chlorophyll content,total nitrogen content,and NR activities were reduced,nitrate nitrogen content,ammonium nitrogen content,and GS,NADH-GDH activities were increased under drought stress without exogenous α-ketoglutarate,and all increased after exogenous application of α-ketoglutarate;wheat seedling biomass,chlorophyll content,total nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content,ammonium nitrogen content,and NR,GS activities were all significantly reduced,NADH-GDH activities was increased under low nitrogen+drought stress without exogenous α-ketoglutarate,and all significantly increased after exogenous application of α-ketoglutarate.In summary,exogenous application of 5 mmol/L α-ketoglutarate was beneficial for mitigating the adverse effects of low nitrogen,drought and low nitrogen+drought stresses on wheat seedling growth and nitrogen metabolism.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the black shank disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco hybrid YY021,a combination of indoor inoculation identification and disease nursery identification was used to identify YY021 and its male parent Heluo 1 and female parent MS Yuyan 13,the disease resistant variety Gexin 3,the moderately resistant variety Jinxing 6007,the disease susceptible variety Xiaohuangjin 1025,and the main cultivar of Zhongyan 100,as the test varieties,with the black shank disease fungus No.1 race,for three consecutive years,black shank disease resistance of the test varieties was characterized,and the incidence rate and disease index were calculated for preliminary evaluation of black shank disease resistance.The results showed that the incidence rate of black shank disease and disease index of the flue-cured tobacco hybrid YY021 were between the parents,with mesophilic advantage.YY021 black shank disease resistance was slightly better than the main cultivar of Zhongyan 100,slightly lower than the disease resistant varieties Gexin 3,so it was perliminarily judged that YY021 was moderately resistant to the black shank disease No.1 small species.

Abstract:In order to grasp the effect of high temperature and drought on rice yield traits during booting and filling period,and optimize the measures for disaster prevention,this study investigated the yield traits(number of holes,number of spikes per hole,number of effective spikes,number of total grains in a spike,number of solid grains in a spike,fruiting rate,thousand grain mass and yield)of Neixiang 8518 in the high-yielding demonstration field of rice in Chenggu County in 2012(normal climatic),2013(normal climatic),and 2022(high temperature and drought),and analyzed the yield traits of Neixiang 8518 under normal climatic conditions and high temperature and drought conditions in terms of the mean,the highest yielding field and the lowest yielding field,and graded the yield traits of different years according to the discrepancy rate.The results showed that the average of number of holes,spikes per hole,effective spikes,number of total grains in a spike,number of solid grains in a spike,fruiting rate,thousand grain mass,and yield of Neixiang 8518 in 2012 were 160 500 holes/ha,15.9 spikes,2 550 000 spikes/ha,155.8 grains,144.8 grains,92.9%,29.9 g,and 9 400.5 kg/ha;In 2013 were 17 7 000 holes/ha,15.1 spikes,2 670 000 spikes/ha,167.1 grains,153.9 grains,92.2%,29.9 g,and 10 347.0 kg/ha.In 2022,the average number of holes of Neixiang 8518 was 160 500 holes/ha,the same as that of 2012 and lower than that of 2013;the average number of spikes per hole was 21.2 spikes,higher than that of the normal climatic year;the average effective spikes was 3 398 000 spikes/ha,higher than that of the normal climatic year;the average number of total grains in spikes was 145.0 grains,lower than that of the normal climatic year;the average number of solid grains in a spike was 93.1 grains,lower than that of the normal climatic year;the average fruiting rate was 61.2%,lower than the normal climatic year;the average thousand grain mass was 29.9 g,the same as the normal climatic year;the average yield was 7 955.3 kg/ha,lower than the normal climatic year.According to the criteria for grading the discrepancy rate,in 2022,the highest yielding field had medium number of holes,spikes per hole and effective spikes,and medium-high number of total grains in a spike,number of solid grains in a spike,fruiting rate and yield traits;the lowest yielding field had medium number of holes,spikes per hole and effective spikes,and medium-low number of total grains in a spike,number of solid grains in a spike,fruiting rate and yield traits.Neixiang 8518 high temperature and drought during booting and filling period have little impact on the number of holes,spikes per hole,effective spikes and thousand grain mass,and the larger impact on the number of total grains in a spike,the number of solid grains in a spike,the fruiting rate,resulting in a reduction in yield.To take effective measures to promote the development of spikes,can reduce the impact of high temperature and drought on yield.

Abstract:According to the regional test results of Henan Wheat Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance in 2018-2020,the agronomic traits,yield traits,adaptability,stability,quality,and disease resistance of Anmai19 were comprehensively analyzed.The results showed that from the agronomic traits,the average growth period of Anmai 19 was 226.5 days,the average plant height was 77.9 cm,the average tiller ability was 4.8,and the average effective heading rate was 42.2%;from the yield traits,the average effective number spike of Anmai 19 was 575.3×104 spikes/ha,the average number of grains per ear was 37.5,the average thousand grain weight was 44.8 g,and the coefficient of variation was all less than 5.00%;from the yield,the average yield of Anmai 19 was 8 379.4 kg/ha,which was 9.9%higher than the control Bainong 207,the average yield increase rate was 92.9%,the average coefficient variation was 11.9%,the high stability coefficient was 88.0%,and the yields of different test points were mainly distributed between 8 000.0 and 9 000.0 kg/ha;from the quality,the average capacity of Anmai 19 was 792 g/L,the average protein content was 15.0%,the average wet gluten content was 28.8%,the average water absorption rate was 57.9%,the average stabilization time was 3.4 min,which belongs to the medium gluten wheat varieties;from the disease resistance,Anmai 19 was moderately susceptible to stripe rust,moderately susceptible to leaf rust,highly susceptible to downy mildew,moderately resistant to powdery mildew and moderately susceptible to stripe blight.Anmai 19 has higher yield,and stable yield traits,with stable yield,disease resistance,quality up to the standard of medium grain wheat,and excellent comprehensive performance,suitable for large scale popularization of planting.

Abstract:In order to understand the disease resistance and yield of main wheat varieties in Zhumadian City,four experimental sites were set up in Runan County,Shangcai County,Xincai County and Yicheng District from 2019 to 2022,using Xinnong 979,Zhengmai 7698,Aikang 58,Hengguan 35,Zhoumai 18 and Ping'an 7 as experimental materials.The yield of wheat and the incidence of powdery mildew,sheath blight,leaf rust,yellow mosaic disease and black embryo disease were investigated,and the correlation between disease index and yield was analyzed.The results showed that the yield of Xinong 979 in 2019-2020 was 7 500-8 025 kg/ha,with moderate susceptibility to powdery mildew,high resistance to leaf rust,high susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,high resistance to sheath blight and immune to black embryo disease.The yield of Zhengmai 7698 was 7 575-8 250 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderate resistance to leaf rust,moderate susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,high resistance to sheath blight and high resistance to black embryo disease.The yield of Aikang 58 was 7 050-8 100 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderate susceptibility to leaf rust,high susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,moderate susceptibility to sheath blight,and moderate resistance to black embryo disease.The yield of Hengguan 35 was 7 050-7 200 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderatee resistance to leaf rust,high resistance to yellow mosaic disease,moderate susceptibility to sheath blight,and moderate susceptibility to black embryo disease.The yield of Zhoumai 18 was 7 650-8 100 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderatee susceptibility to leaf rust,high susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,moderate susceptibility to sheath blight,and moderate resistance to black embryo disease.The yield of Ping'an 7 was 7 125-7 500 kg/ha,with moderate susceptibility to powdery mildew,moderate resistance to leaf rust,moderate susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,moderate resistance to sheath blight,and moderate susceptibility to black embryo disease.Meanwhile,the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with both the disease index of yellow mosaic disease and black embryo disease.Compared with 2019-2020,there was no significant difference in the yield of all wheat varieties from 2020 to 2021.Xinong 979 became moderately resistant to sheath blight and highly resistant to black embryo disease.Aikang 58 became moderately resistant to sheath blight and moderately susceptible to black embryo lesions.Hengguan 35 became moderately resistant to sheath blight.Zhoumai 18 became moderately resistant to sheath blight and moderately susceptible to black embryo lesions.Meanwhile,the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the disease index of yellow mosaic disease.Compared with 2019-2021,the yields of Hengguan 35 and Zhoumai 18 both decreased significantly in 2021-2022.Xinong 979,Zhengmai 7698 and Ping'an 7 all became moderately susceptible to leaf rust,Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 18 both became highly susceptible to leaf rust.Meanwhile,the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the disease index of powdery mildew,sheath blight and black embryo disease.This study aimed to analysis the disease resistance and yield of the main wheat varieties in Zhumadian City,and to for mulate appropriate field management measures to promotion safe production of wheat in Zhumadian City.

Abstract:The rational selection and scientific layout of varieties are important ways for promoting the increase of large-scale per-unit yield of wheat.This study aimed to understand the utilization of wheat varieties in Henan Province and the planting characteristics of wheat in different wheat areas in 2024-2025,to put forward the suggestions on the layout and utilization of wheat varieties in the northern wheat area,the central and southern wheat area,the eastern wheat area,the southern wheat area and the dryland wheat area in 2025-2026,and to lay a foundation for the high and stable wheat production in Henan Province.

Abstract:This study aimed to understand the effect of harvest maturity on the quality of upper tobacco leaves of Yunongxiang 201,three harvest maturity treatments were set up in Xuchang City in 2024,including conventional mature harvest,delayed harvest for 5 days and delayed harvest for 10 days.The physical characteristics and SPAD value of the upper tobacco leaves,as well as the appearance quality,main chemical components,sensory quality,content of neutral flavorful substances and economic benefits after baking were investigated.The results showed that with the increase of harvest maturity,the average SPAD value of the second leaf of Yunongxiang 201 showed a linear downward trend,which was consistent with the color change characteristics during the tobacco leaf maturation process.When the harvest was delayed for 5 days,the filling value,leaf tip thickness,leaf base tension of the upper tobacco leaves,the appearance quality,total sugar content,nicotine content,sensory quality and economic benefit after baking were the highest,and the strong aroma style was more prominent and the usability was higher.

Abstract:In order to screen the suitable sowing date of spring Chinese cabbage,the direct seeding cultivation method under film was adopted.The effects of different sowing dates(March 1st,March 10th,March 20th and April 1st)on the growth period,leaf number,short stem length,disease conditions and yield of Chinese cabbage(Jijin,Yuyuan Xinchun No.1,Xinxiang Xiaobao 23,Xinfeng No.2,Xinke Jiali and Xinhe 128)were studied.The results showed that,in terms of the growth period,the sowing date of March 20th had the shortest full growth period.In terms of the number of leaves,except for Xinfeng No.2 had the largest number of outer leaves on the sowing date of April 1st,the other varieties had the largest number of outer leaves on the sowing date on March 1st.All varieties had the highest number of bulbous leaves on the sowing date on March 20th.In terms of the length of the short stem,Jijin had the shortest length of the short stem on the sowing date of March 10th.Yuyuan Xinchun No.1 had the shortest length of the short stem on the sowing date of March 1st.Both Xinxiang Xiaobao 23 and Xinhe 128 had the shortest length of the short stem on the sowing date of April 1st.Both Xinfeng No.2 and Xinke Jiali had the shortest length of the short stem on the sowing date of March 20th.In terms of the disease conditions,all varieties had no soft rot disease and virus disease on the sowing date of March 1st and 10th.Both Jijin and Xinhe128 had soft rot disease,Yuyuan Xinchun No.1 had virus disease on the sowing date of March 20th and April 1st.In terms of yield,Xinke Jiali had the highest yields on the sowing date of March 10th.Both Jijin,Yuyuan Xinchun No.1,Xinxiang Xiaobao 23 and Xinfeng No.2 had the highest yield on the sowing date of March 20th.Xinhe 128 had the highest yield on March 1st.In summary,the best sowing period of spring Chinese cabbage by direct seeding under film is from March 10th to 20th.At this time,the full growth period of Chinese cabbage is relatively short,with more outer and bulbous leaves,shorter lengths of short stems,fewer diseases,and higher yields.

Abstract:Anhua 11 is a new peanut variety with high yield and multi-resistance,which was bred by Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences with Jihua 16 as female parent and Anhua 3 as male parent through sexual hybridization,shuttle breeding in Anyang City and Sanya City,Hainan Province,and single-grain transmission method.It was selected and bred for five generations.It was registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as a non-major crop variety in 2023[registration number:GPD peanut(2023)410062],and obtained a new plant variety certificate in 2024(variety right number:CNA20211000593).The variety showed continuous flowering in the field,stable quality index,excellent comprehensive resistance,high yield and stable yield,and was suitable for spring sowing wheat intercropping and summer direct seeding in Henan Province.This syudy aimed to understand the breeding process,characteristics and high-yield cultivation techniques of Anhua 11,and to provide reference for further promotion.

Abstract:Soil acidification is a common problem in agricultural development.In order to understand the degree of farmland soil acidification and nutrient status in Zhumadian City,Henan Province,17 soil samples were collected from Runan County,Xiping County and Suiping County,soil pH value,conductivity,quick acting phosphorus content and alkaline dissolved nitrogen content were determined.The results showed that the pH value of farmland soil in Zhumadian City ranged from 4.07 to 5.64,the conductivity ranged from 108.73 to 604.33 μS/cm,the content of quick acting phosphorus ranged from 9.04 to 144.74 mg/kg,and the content of alkaline dissolved nitrogen ranged from 74.37 to 248.86 mg/kg.The farmland soil was seriously acidified,and the contents of salinity,quick acting phosphorus and alkaline dissolved nitrogen were low,which was not conducive to crop growth and development.The results can provide reference for further improvement of the soil environment.

Abstract:Pistacia chinensis Bunge has a large development and utilization value in biodiesel,biochemical basic materials,etc.,and is an important tree species in China's regional characteristic economic forest industry.In order to obtain high-quality seedlings of Pistacia chinensis Bunge,combining with production practice and related research results,we analyze the selection of seed source,seedling gender identification methods,seedling quality grading methods,key seedling breeding techniques and seedling pest control methods,among which the key seedling breeding techniques include tissue culture seedling breeding,field sowing seedling breeding,cuttings seedling breeding,grafting seedling breeding,and container seedling breeding,with a view to providing reference for Pistacia chinensis Bunge growers.

Abstract:Soil is the main pollutant fate of acetochlor in the environment,its adsorption,migration and other environmental behaviors in the soil have a greater impact on the soil structure.Acetochlor is easy to enter into the deep soil and groundwater due to high percolation and causes serious harm to the environment and human health,so the study of acetochlor removal technology is imminent.The study described in detail the environmental behavior of acetochlor in soil,including adsorption and desorption processes,migration and leaching characteristics,degradation and transformation pathways,and residual toxicity,and the research progress of acetochlor removal technology,including physical removal technology,chemical removal technology,biological removal technology and joint remediation technology.The study discussed the indicators for evaluating the removal effect of acetochlor,including the removal rate,the amount of residue,and the influencing factors.The future development direction of acetochlor was elaborated,which has theoretical and practical significance to the sustainable development of agriculture and human health.

Abstract:In the process of deepening agricultural modernization in China,the application of intelligent plant protection technology can greatly improve the efficiency of plant protection.The traditional manual spraying method of pesticides is inefficient,labor-intensive and polluting,while the UAV plant protection technology has the advantages of high efficiency and precision,and is gradually becoming the key technology for large scale farms to control pests and diseases.The application status of UAV plant protection technology and the application process for pest control in agricultural production were analyzed,in order to promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural modernization.

Abstract:Soil acidification is an important challenge to the sustainable development of global agriculture,it has an impact on the balance of nutrients in farmland and the normal growth of crops,and becomes a key constraint to the farmland quality and the efficient development of agriculture.This study aimed to understand the causes of soil acidification,and to analyze its impact on biodiversity,soil physicochemical properties and crop growth.Taking appropriate management measures,and strictly controuing the quality and the quantity of farmland were important strategic ways to achieve high quality agricultural development.