Analysis of Disease Resistance and Yield of Main Wheat Varieties in Zhumadian City

ZHAO Lishang; CHEN Feng; MA Hongzhen; SONG Quanhao; JIN Yan; BAI Dong; SONG Jiajing; CHEN Jie

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4749.2025.05.004

Abstract：In order to understand the disease resistance and yield of main wheat varieties in Zhumadian City,four experimental sites were set up in Runan County,Shangcai County,Xincai County and Yicheng District from 2019 to 2022,using Xinnong 979,Zhengmai 7698,Aikang 58,Hengguan 35,Zhoumai 18 and Ping'an 7 as experimental materials.The yield of wheat and the incidence of powdery mildew,sheath blight,leaf rust,yellow mosaic disease and black embryo disease were investigated,and the correlation between disease index and yield was analyzed.The results showed that the yield of Xinong 979 in 2019-2020 was 7 500-8 025 kg/ha,with moderate susceptibility to powdery mildew,high resistance to leaf rust,high susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,high resistance to sheath blight and immune to black embryo disease.The yield of Zhengmai 7698 was 7 575-8 250 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderate resistance to leaf rust,moderate susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,high resistance to sheath blight and high resistance to black embryo disease.The yield of Aikang 58 was 7 050-8 100 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderate susceptibility to leaf rust,high susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,moderate susceptibility to sheath blight,and moderate resistance to black embryo disease.The yield of Hengguan 35 was 7 050-7 200 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderatee resistance to leaf rust,high resistance to yellow mosaic disease,moderate susceptibility to sheath blight,and moderate susceptibility to black embryo disease.The yield of Zhoumai 18 was 7 650-8 100 kg/ha,with moderate resistance to powdery mildew,moderatee susceptibility to leaf rust,high susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,moderate susceptibility to sheath blight,and moderate resistance to black embryo disease.The yield of Ping'an 7 was 7 125-7 500 kg/ha,with moderate susceptibility to powdery mildew,moderate resistance to leaf rust,moderate susceptibility to yellow mosaic disease,moderate resistance to sheath blight,and moderate susceptibility to black embryo disease.Meanwhile,the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with both the disease index of yellow mosaic disease and black embryo disease.Compared with 2019-2020,there was no significant difference in the yield of all wheat varieties from 2020 to 2021.Xinong 979 became moderately resistant to sheath blight and highly resistant to black embryo disease.Aikang 58 became moderately resistant to sheath blight and moderately susceptible to black embryo lesions.Hengguan 35 became moderately resistant to sheath blight.Zhoumai 18 became moderately resistant to sheath blight and moderately susceptible to black embryo lesions.Meanwhile,the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the disease index of yellow mosaic disease.Compared with 2019-2021,the yields of Hengguan 35 and Zhoumai 18 both decreased significantly in 2021-2022.Xinong 979,Zhengmai 7698 and Ping'an 7 all became moderately susceptible to leaf rust,Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 18 both became highly susceptible to leaf rust.Meanwhile,the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the disease index of powdery mildew,sheath blight and black embryo disease.This study aimed to analysis the disease resistance and yield of the main wheat varieties in Zhumadian City,and to for mulate appropriate field management measures to promotion safe production of wheat in Zhumadian City.