Abstract:The'Shushanggan'apricots in the Yili Reclamation area have an early flowering period,often encountering low temperatures in spring or late frost damage,resulting in damaged floral organs and a significant decrease in fruit setting rate,leading to considerable economic losses.This study aimed to investigate the effects of different heating methods on the quality and yield of apricot under frost stress during the flowering period.Taking'Shushanggan'apricot as the test material,two heating methods(coal heating and smoke generator heating)were applied for temperature raising during the full flowering stage,with no heating as the control.The yield and quality indices were determined.The results showed that coal heating was more conducive to increasing the kernel transverse diameter,a*,H° and soluble solid content,compared with the control,the values increased by 11.53％,15.63％,14.97％and 24.00％,respectively.Smoke generator heating was more beneficial to the increase in fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,single fruit weight,stone diameter and fruit solid-acid ratio of'Shushanggan'apricot,compared with the control,the values increased by 9.86％,8.44％,33.63％,24.84％,18.64％.There was a good correlation among various indices of'Shushanggan'apricot under different heating treatments.Through principal component analysis,single fruit weight,brittleness,firmness and yield per plant were identified as the evaluation indices for the effects of flowering period heating on the quality and yield of'Shushanggan'apricot under frost stress.A comprehensive evaluation showed that smoke generator heating was superior to coal heating,which provided a theoretical foundation for the frost prevention measures of'Shushanggan'apricot in the Ili Reclamation area.

Abstract:To provide data support for the construction of efficient water-saving projects in farmland,promote the application of efficient water-saving technologies,and facilitate the efficient utilization of agricultural water resources,this study conducted a systematic survey on the current status of farmland irrigation in Changping district using the"one village,one map,one table"approach.The results showed that the area of farmland without irrigation conditions in the entire district was 2 553.5 hm2,accounting for 47.6％of the total farmland,where drought-tolerant crops such as spring corn and sweet potatoes were mainly grown.Among the farmland with irrigation conditions,pipe irrigation covered the largest area of 1 249.2 hm2,accounting for 23.3％of the total farmland,and was mainly applied to food crops.Next was micro-irrigation,covering 652.7 hm2,accounting for 12.2％of the total farmland,which was mainly used in facility agriculture.Sprinkler irrigation was the smallest,with an area of 413.0 hm2,accounting for 7.7％of the total farmland,and was mainly applied to food crops.There were problems such as a large area of dry land,low application rate of efficient water-saving technologies,and significant regional differences.To effectively improve the level of water-saving irrigation in farmland,measures such as developing rain-fed dryland farming according to local conditions,optimizing water supply,promoting the construction of efficient water-saving projects,and strengthening the popularization and management of water-saving technologies were proposed.These measures aimed to enhance the farmland irrigation level in Changping district and realize the green and low-carbon development of agriculture.

Abstract:As a nutritious supplement and potential feed alternative,the safety of sprouts directly impacts food security and animal health.This study evaluated the effects of exogenous selenium(Se)on the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in eleven types of sprouts under individual and combined contamination of cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As).Hydroponic experiments showed that exogenous Se reduced shoot Cd significantly by 58.4％(red pea sprouts,vs.Cd)and 71.6％(green hemp pea sprouts,vs.Cd&As),and shoot As by 50.82％(pine willow sprouts,vs.As)and 37.22％(green hemp pea,vs.Cd&As).TF analysis indicated that exogenous Se significantly decreased TF-As in pine willow and red pea,and TF-Cd in pine willow and soybean.However,the effects of Se on tea bean,climbing bean,black bean sprouts,and lentil sprouts under combined contamination were complex,with even promotive effects on heavy metal accumulation and translocation observed.This study provides data support for understanding the mechanism of exogenous selenium in sprouts' response to heavy metal contamination and offers valuable scientific insights for optimizing agricultural practices to enhance the safety and nutritional value of food and feed materials.

Abstract:To meet consumer demand for healthy and natural dairy products,fresh milk was used as the raw material,supplemented with erythritol,rose powder and mulberry juice,to develop set yogurt with rose and mulberry.Optimize the formula through single-factor experiments and orthogonal optimization experiments.The results showed that the optimal formula was determined as follows:erythritol 6.5％,mulberry juice 9％and rose powder 0.5％.The product prepared under these conditions presented a uniform pink color,dense curd structure,harmonious sweetness and sourness,and pure aroma,with a sensory score of 91.0,with all indicators meeting the requirements of national standards.This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the dairy processing of specialty agricultural products.

Abstract:To investigate the changes in dry matter content,starch content,reducing sugar content,and weight loss rate of potatoes under different storage conditions,three potato varieties('Luyin 1''Zaoyu 67'and'Zaoyu 36')were selected as test materials.The contents of major internal substances in potato tubers were measured under low-temperature storage(2±0.5 ℃)and constant-temperature storage(15±1 ℃)conditions at different storage periods.The results showed that as the storage period increased,the dry matter content of the tubers exhibited an upward trend,reaching 20.1％,23.4％,and 24.7％after 80 days of constant-temperature storage,and 18.1％,21.7％,and 22.3％after 80 days of low-temperature storage.With prolonged storage,the starch content of the tubers decreased,dropping to 11.1,11.7,14.7 g/100 g after 80 days of constant-temperature storage,and to 10.5,11.2,14.1 g/100 g after 80 days of low-temperature storage.As the storage period increased,the reducing sugar content of the tubers rose,reaching 0.03％,0.43％,and 0.58％after 80 days of constant-temperature storage,and 0.12％,1.36％,and 1.58％after 80 days of low-temperature storage.The weight loss rate of the tubers also increased with storage time,reaching 12.56％,13.52％,and 12.13％after 80 days of constant-temperature storage,and 2.20％,2.23％,and 2.01％after 80 days of low-temperature storage.In summary,low-temperature storage is more effective for potatoes,and this study provides a theoretical basis for determining potato storage conditions.

Abstract:To systematically compare the effects of different drying methods on the main quality indicators of fresh green Zanthoxylum bungeanum,this study used'Jiuyeqing'fresh green Z.bungeanum as raw material and investigated four drying treatments:hot air drying,superheated steam pretreatment combined with hot air drying,heat pump drying,and vacuum microwave drying.The changes in hydroxy-α-sanshool content,and volatile flavor compounds were evaluated.The results showed that superheated steam treatment at 150 ℃ for 5 min significantly increased the hydroxy-α-sanshool content,maintained a vibrant green color,and caused no significant loss of flavor compounds.Among the four drying methods,superheated steam pretreatment combined with 65 ℃ hot air drying for 4 h yielded the highest hydroxy-α-sanshool content,reaching 28.51 g/100 g.Heat pump drying at 65 ℃ reduced the drying time by half compared to hot air drying,but resulted in lower hydroxy-α-sanshool content.Microwave drying(600 W,-0.095 MPa,6 min)gave a content of 8.82 g/100 g with uneven drying issues.GC-IMS analysis revealed that the flavor profiles of the combined superheated steam and hot air drying group were highly similar to those of the hot air drying alone group,while the heat pump and microwave drying groups showed distinct differences.Comprehensive comparison indicated that superheated steam pretreatment at 150℃ for 5 min followed by hot air drying at 65 ℃ for 4 h was the optimal treatment combination.This study provides a theoretical basis for reducing hydroxy-alpha-sanshool loss and improving the quality of dried Z.bungeanum products.

Abstract:The vegetable industry is a key pillar of Guangxi's modern specialty agriculture,but talent shortages and structural issues have become the primary bottlenecks hindering its high-quality development.Based on industry survey data,this paper analyzed the characteristics of the talent pool in Guangxi vegetable industry from dimensions such as talent size,age,educational background,skills and geographic distribution.The industry had a robust workforce,with a well-structured talent pool comprising key scientific researchers,local talent,and industry leaders,and a concentration of talent in key production areas.However,the talent pool faced challenges such as a shortage of young talent,an imbalance in educational backgrounds and skill sets,and uneven regional distribution,as well as difficulties in attracting and retaining talent and imperfect mechanisms for training and employment.A three-dimensional optimization strategy was proposed"Strengthening Education and Training-Improving Talent Recruitment Mechanisms-Enhancing Talent Retention Mechanisms",to build a collaborative system involving government,industry,academia,research and application,and to establish a multi-tiered,full-industry-chain talent network.This initiative aims to support the revitalization of the vegetable industry talent and the high-quality development of the regional vegetable industry in Guangxi and the western regions of China.

Abstract:Early-spring greenhouse muskmelon cultivation serves as a crucial pattern for off-season muskmelon production in northern China.Dongping county has implemented the"spring melon and autumn vegetable"cropping system.Through artificial regulation of environmental factors in the greenhouse,including temperature,light,moisture,nutrients and ventilation,the adverse climatic stresses such as low temperature,frost and continuous rainy weather in early spring are effectively mitigated,thereby enabling early marketing,superior quality and high yield of muskmelon,and significantly elevating the economic benefits of planting industry.Currently,this model has made muskmelon a pillar industry of the county,a core crop for increasing farmers' income,and a regional specialty brand,occupying a key position in industrial scale,brand influence,technical level,and farmers' income growth.This paper systematically elaborated on the key high-yield cultivation techniques for early-spring greenhouse muskmelon covering the entire production process,including variety screening,seedling breeding management,field preparation before field planting,and so on.This research aims to provide scientific and practical technical guidance for melon growers,boost the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the early-spring muskmelon planting industry,and facilitate its large-scale and standardized production.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of varying photoperiods and phosphorus levels on the growth of oilseed rape,oilseed rape seeds with uniform germination capacity were used as experimental material.Two factors,namely photoperiod(long-day 12 h/d,short-day 8 h/d)and phosphorus level(high phosphorus,low phosphorus),were set,resulting in a total of four treatments:long-day high-phosphorus group(LD-HP),long-day low-phosphorus group(LD-LP),short-day high-phosphorus group(SD-HP),and short-day low-phosphorus group(SD-LP).Indicators such as plant height,biomass,phosphorus content,and acid phosphatase activity were measured.The results indicated that under long-day treatment,the plant height(LD-HP 21.90 cm,LD-LP 18.28 cm)and fresh weight(LD-HP 3.59 g,LD-LP 2.24 g)of rapeseed at 45 days were significantly higher than those under short-day treatment(SD-HP 11.29 cm,0.41 g;SD-LP 10.65 cm,0.31 g).Extending the light exposure time significantly promoted the growth of the aboveground part and biomass accumulation of rapeseed.Phosphorus addition significantly increased the phosphorus content of the plants(about 0.32 mg/g for high phosphorus treatment and about 0.24 mg/g for low phosphorus treatment),but had no significant effect on plant height.The activity of acid phosphatase was significantly higher in the early growth stage(about 0.42 g/mL)than in the later stage(about 0.05 g/mL).Photoperiod primarily influenced the growth of rapeseed by regulating plant height and biomass accumulation,whereas phosphorus addition primarily exerted its effect by increasing the phosphorus content in plants.The regulatory effect of photoperiod was stronger than that of phosphorus level.This study provides a reference for efficient phosphorus nutrition regulation and high-quality,high-yield cultivation of rapeseed.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of salt stress at different concentrations on the growth of Basella alba seedlings,we used B.alba as the test material,set up six salt concentration gradients(50,100,150,200,250,and 300 mmol/L),and measured relevant indices including growth,photosynthetic physiology,cell membrane permeability,and antioxidant enzyme activities.The results indicated that low salt stress at 50 mmol/L had little impact on seedling growth.Under medium and high salt stress(100-300 mmol/L)treatments,the increase in seedling height and the growth of aboveground fresh mass were both inhibited.The chlorophyll content,carotenoid content,catalase(CAT)activity,and soluble protein content in the leaves of seedlings showed a decreasing trend.Malondialdehyde(MDA)accumulated,plasma membrane permeability increased,and peroxidase(POD)activity increased.In the process of salt stress,B.alba seedlings exhibit strong salt tolerance under low-concentration salt stress.Under medium and high-concentration salt stress,the salt tolerance gradually decreases with the increase of salt concentration and the number of treatment days.This experiment determines the response characteristics of morphological and physiological indices of B.alba seedlings under salt stress of different concentrations,aiming to provide a reference for the cultivation and salt-tolerant breeding and salt-tolerant breeding of B.alba in salinized soil.

Abstract:With multiple uses as food,vegetable,feed,and industrial raw materials,potato features high yield per unit area and rich nutrition,serving as an important pillar crop for improving agricultural efficiency and increasing farmer's income in Weifang region.In recent years,the frequent occurrence and rapid spread of virus diseases have severely restricted the high-quality development of the local potato industry.Combining domestic and international research progress with the actual production situation in Weifang,this paper systematically reviewed the main types,transmission routes,and occurrence patterns of potato virus diseases.It focused on analyzing the occurrence characteristics and prevention and control difficulties of potato virus diseases in Weifang,and proposed targeted prevention and control measures.This study aimed to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the scientific prevention and control of potato virus diseases in Weifang,and promote the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the local potato industry.

Abstract:Fresh corn as a dual-purpose economic crop has significant advantages in optimizing dietary structure and accelerating the transformation of agricultural development direction,and has become an important factor in enriching the residents' vegetable basket and driving economic consumption.The production of fresh corn industry accounts for a gradually increasing proportion of corn production,and the planting area and multiple cropping index increase year by year,which has become an important part of increasing agricultural efficiency and farmers'income,agricultural industrial structure and dietary structure adjustment,and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.This paper analyzed the problems existing in the development of fresh corn in Binzhou city from the aspects of resource advantages and industrial status.Based on this,an implementation path for promoting the development of the fresh edible corn industry was proposed,including optimizing the variety structure,creating regional brands,and improving the production and marketing system,with the aim of promoting high-quality development of the fresh edible corn industry.

Abstract:This study was conducted on the grape variety'Jumeigui'with four different selenium concentration levels.The grapevines were sprayed once each during the fruit set stage and during the fruit development stage to explore the effects of selenium on grape fruit yield and quality.The results showed that foliar application of selenium significantly increased the selenium content in grape fruits,leaves,and canes,and the selenium content increasing with rising selenium application concentration.At a selenium concentration of 40 mg/L,the fruit selenium content reached its highest level(46.852 mg/g).Indicators such as single berry weight,single cluster weight,yield,and nutritional components in grape fruits,such as soluble solids content,fructose content,flavonoids and total phenols,generally showed an upward trend with increasing selenium application concentration,while titratable acid content exhibited an overall downward trend.At 30 mg/L,the contents of soluble solids and fructose in grape fruits reached the highest levels,at 22.270%and 102.667 mg/g,respectively.Therefore,based on a comprehensive evaluation using principal component analysis,30 mg/L of amino acid selenium fertilizer was determined as the optimal spraying concentration,providing a reference for the standardized production of selenium-enriched grapes.

Abstract:Rare edible fungi such as(Ganoderma lucidum,Stropharia rugoso-annulata,Cordyceps militaris),are rich in polysaccharides,terpenoids,phenols,flavonoids,sterols,lectins and other bioactive components.They not only show extensive medicinal value in immune regulation,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and other aspects,but also show great application potential in the development of health food and functional food.In this paper,the functional components and biological activities of rare edible fungi were systematically reviewed by referring to relevant literatures at home and abroad,taking representative varieties such as G.lucidum,S.rugoso-a nnulata,C.militaris,Tremella aurantialba,Morchella esculenta and Termitomyces albuminosus as objects.The current research status was summarized.On this basis,its application prospects in the development of health food,medicine and functional feed additives were further discussed,aiming to promote the sustainable utilization of rare edible fungi and provide scientific basis and reference for subsequent in-depth research and industrial application.

Abstract:The chemical compositions of Citrus reticulata'Chachi'and C.reticulata'Tangerina'are different,while there are significant differences in the medicinal value and market price.At present,there is still a lack of non-destructive identification methods for them.A nondestructive identification method for C.reticulata'Chachi'and C.reticulata'Tangerina'was established using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition methods.The spectra of C.reticulata'Chachi'and C.reticulata'Tangerina'were collected using a grating-type portable NIR spectrometer at three integration times(45,65 and 85 ms).The discrimination models for C.reticulata'Chachi'and C.reticulata'Tangerina'were constructed using principal component analysis(PC A),partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).The results showed that there are severe interferences of baseline drift,peak overlapping and background in the original spectra.Increasing the integration time could improve the results to some extent.However,the accurate identification could not be achieved with PCA method.With the integration times of 65 ms and 85 ms,the outer wall-PLS-DA and outer wall-OPLS-DA models could achieve 100％ identification of C.reticulata'Chachi'and C.reticulata'Tangerina'.Besides,the accurate identification could also be achieved with inner capsule-85 ms-OPLS-DA model.The study indicated that the NIR spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition methods could achieve nondestructive and accurate discrimination of C.reticulata'Chachi'and C.reticulata'Tangerina',providing a new approach for nondestructive identification of edible and medicinal substances such as C.Reticulata Pericarpium.

Abstract:Zhanhua district in Binzhou city,Shandong province,is abundant in winter jujube resources,serving as a distinctive and advantageous industry that benefits local residents.The brand value of winter jujubes ranks first among all jujube varieties in China.However,as the industrial scale continues to expand,traditional development models face numerous practical bottlenecks in line with the requirements of new quality productivity.This article was based on the theoretical perspective of new quality productivity,and systematically summarized the problems in the development of the winter jujube industry in Zhanhua,such as insufficient integrated development of the three industries,insufficient standardization,organization,mechanization,and intelligence,and insufficient disaster resistance.It proposed improvement paths such as high-level planning,scientific legislation,technological empowerment,and policy empowerment to lead the high-quality development of the industry with new quality productivity,in order to provide reference for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the winter jujube industry in Zhanhua towards high technology,high efficiency,and high quality.

Abstract:Yucheng is a major traditional vegetable-producing city and a key county for the national vegetable industry.Driven by the rural revitalization strategy,the vegetable industry in Yucheng city has maintained steady growth,with significant improvements in its industrial structure,park development,and technological innovation.However,challenges remain in areas such as production-marketing linkage,brand development,and the application of new technologies.Therefore,this paper reviewed the current development status and existing issues of the vegetable industry in Yucheng city,and proposed countermeasures and suggestions from aspects such as facility renovation,brand development,and model innovation,aiming to break through the development bottlenecks of the vegetable industry,transform the development mode,and promote high-quality development of the vegetable industry in Yucheng city.

Abstract:Flower yellowing disease of Zanthoxylum schinifolium is an increasingly serious disease.In order to explore the etiology and lay theoretical foundation for control,this study took the yellow flower plants and normal plants of Z.schinifolium'Tengjiao'as the research objects,and measured their agronomic traits,soil nutrients,leaf amino acids,plant endogenous hormones,and mineral element content.The results showed that Z.schinifolium plants with yellow flower disease had fewer pepper leaves,thinner branches,and decreased fruit set per cluster.Compared with the normal plant,the arginine content in leaves increased by 1.37 times,and the dihydrozeatin(DHZ)in the stems,leaves and fruits increased by 274％,54.72％ and 24.36％,respectively.The content of gibberellin GA44 in the three parts of the flower yellowing disease plant was increased by more than 1.5 times.The calcium content in leaves and fruits decreased,and the decline rate in fruits was as high as 18.89％.Therefore,in the process of preventing and controlling yellow flower disease,attention should be paid to supplementing calcium and magnesium elements,and optimizing the use of plant regulators.

Abstract:To develop novel fungicides suitable for the green control of fruit and vegetable diseases,12 nitro-containing aromatic amide compounds were designed and synthesized in this study.Their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and their fungicidal activities against 4 common pathogenic fungi were evaluated.The results showed that most compounds exhibited moderate activity against Alternaria solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,and weak activity against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani.Structure-activity relationship(SAR)analysis indicated that introduction of a 6-methyl group at the R2 position had a weak effect on antifungal activity,whereas addition of a nitro group at the R3 position generally led to decreased activity.Compounds I-2,I-8 and I-9 displayed favorable broad-spectrum activity,with inhibitory rates exceeding 50％ against four pathogens.Among them,compound I-9 showed the best activity,with inhibition rates of 75.75％ against S.sclerotiorum,which could be used as a lead compound for further optimization,providing solutions for the control of major diseases in fruits and vegetables and contributing to the green and sustainable development of the fruit and vegetable industry.

Abstract:To study the application effect of agricultural plant enzymes in agricultural production,agricultural plant enzymes were prepared using waste materials such as apple peels,banana peels,melons and cucumbers,and the promoting effect of agricultural plant enzymes on the growth of cucumbers was evaluated.The results showed that the homemade agricultural plant enzyme significantly enhanced cucumber growth and development,with varying effects observed at different dilution ratios.The 500-fold dilution of the agricultural plant enzymes demonstrated the most pronounced growth-promoting effect,increasing cucumber stem diameter,leaf area,and chlorophyll content by 23.94%,28.71%,and 46.97%respectively,compared with CK.Additionally,the accumulation of lignin in cucumber seedlings and the activities of key enzymes in the lignin biosynthesis pathway phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase(CAD),and peroxidase(POD)were significantly elevated,increasing by 48.49%,46.73%,54.41%,and 50.87%respectively.Cucumber yield was also significantly improved,with an increase of 19.30%.Agricultural plant enzymes hold broad application prospects in agricultural production,and this study provided a reference for the widespread application of enzymes.