Abstract:To investigate the alleviative effects of salicylic acid(SA)priming on the seed germination of rapeseed(Brassi-ca napus L.)under abiotic stress,this study utilized seeds of the cultivar Zhongshuang No.11.A seed germination incuba-tor was employed for the germination trials.Seeds were primed with SA at six concentration gradients:0(CK),0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,and 1.0 mmol·L-1.The primed seeds were placed in a seed germination chamber to germinate under low-tempera-ture stress(13 ℃)and salt stress(120 mmol·L-1 NaCl),respectively,and the germination percentage,germination energy,germination index,germination vigor of the seeds,and shoot length,plumule length,radicle length,fresh mass,and dry mass were determined.The results demonstrated that seed priming with 0.2 mmol·L-1 SA significantly enhanced key ger-mination parameters compared to the CK.This improvement was observed in germination percentage,germination ener-gy,germination index,germination vigor of the seeds,and shoot length,plumule length,radicle length,fresh mass,and dry mass under both low-temperature and salt stress conditions.At the concentrations of 0.8 and 1.0 mmol·L-1,SA treat-ment aggravated the effects of low-temperature and salt stresses on all seed germination indicators of rapeseed(except for radicle length under salt stress),with the aggravating effects becoming more pronounced as the concentration increased.Therefore,the optimal concentration of SA priming for effectiely alleviating the combined detrimental effects of low-tem-perature and salt stress on rapeseed seed germination were determined to be 0.2 mmol·L-1.

Abstract:Using 85 tomato germplasm resources with different fruit types as experimental materials,a systematic study was conducted on the fruit appearance quality,flavor quality,and nutritional quality.Multiple statistical methods,includ-ing correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and membership function method were employed to comprehen-sively evaluate the fruit quality.The results showed that in terms of appearance quality,medium-sized tomato exhibited rich variations in fruit shape,while small type and cherry type were mainly oblong,round and high round.The mature fruit color was dominated by red fruit.In terms of flavor quality,the content of citric acid and malic acid of different fruit types showed a large coefficient of variation,both of which were more than 40％.In terms of nutritional quality,the con-tent of vitamin C,folic acid and the average content of 5 nutritional quality indicators in cherry fruit type tomato were all higher than those in medium and small fruit type.The results of the correlation analysis showed that the overall appear-ance quality of the fruit was significantly negatively correlated with the nutritional quality.Among the flavor qualities,all traits showed a certain positive correlation except for the relationship between total acid content and sugar-acid ratio.In nutritional quality traits,the correlation between vitamin C content and lycopene content was not significantly.Through comprehensive evaluation using principal component analysis combined with the membership function method,13 materi-als with superior quality(X＞0.6)were selected.The membership function scores indicated that cherry fruit type tomato ex-hibited better quality than that of small fruit tomato,while small fruit tomato outperformed medium fruit tomato in quali-ty.In conclusion,the large variation coefficient of citric acid and malic acid in tomato fruit provided significant selection potential in breeding process.The comprehensive quality of cherry fruit type was superior to that of medium and small fruit type.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of tomato fruit quality and variety im-provement.

Abstract:Short-growth-period L.edodes is the development direction of industrial cultivation.In order to explore the dynamic changes of nutrients and physicochemical properties during its growth process,this study focused on three short-growth-period varieties X2,Q2 and F6 at different growth periods(blank stick,mycelium full stick,color conversion stick,and mature stick),and the nutritional components,free amino acids and physicochemical properties were detected.Then its correlation and principal component analysis(PCA)were performed.The results showed that with the growth process,the crude fiber content in the L.edodes stick decreased continuously,the crude protein content and free amino acid content reached the peak at the color conversion stage,and decreased significantly at the mature stage.The organic matter content decreased first and then increased.The crude fat content,crude ash content,calcium content,total phospho-rus content,EC,water holding capacity,bulk density all showed an upward trend,while the pH and specific porosity showed a downward trend.The nutrient accumulation and utilization had obvious stages,and there were great differences among varieties.Compared with the blank stick,the crude fiber content and specific porosity of Q2 stick at the mature stage decreased by 40.502％and 52.823％,and the crude ash,calcium,total phosphorus,EC,water holding capacity,and bulk density increased to 2.013,2.692,1.809,1.934,1.543 and 1.410 times,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of X2 and F6 in the same period.There were 16 kinds of free amino acids in L.edodes sticks.Serine,leucine,tyrosine,and phenylalanine were newly added amino acids after inoculation.Arginine and threonine dominated the whole growth period,and the sum accounted for 34.347％-66.369％.Phenylalanine varied greatly among varieties.The taste characteristics were mainly sweet and bitter amino acids,and aromatic amino acids were the least.The correlation and principal component analysis revealed that there was a strong correlation between the indicators,and the cumulative con-tribution rate of the first three principal components reached 91.681％.The stick samples of each variety were well distin-guished,and Q2 sticks showed greater difference.In summary,The change trend was basically the same in the growth pro-cess of the three varieties,but there were some differences,and Q2 is relatively better.The results provide a theoretical ba-sis for efficient cultivation and stick diversified utilization of L.edodes.

Abstract:To identify endophytes in melon(Cucumis melo L.)seeds and verify their plant growth-promoting functions,melon seeds were used as the experimental materials.Endophytes were isolated using the dilution plating method,and their diversity was analyzed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The isolated endophytes were evaluated for their abili-ties in phosphate solubilization,nitrogen fixation,potassium solubilization,production of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),sid-erophore production,and cellulose decomposition using various growth-promoting media.The results showed that 39 bac-terial strains were successfully isolated from the melon seeds,belonging to 7 species across 3 genera(Bacillus,Escherich-ia,Shigella),with Bacillus being the dominant genus.All species exhibited nitrogen fixation and IAA production capabili-ties,while 5 species belonging to the Bacillus and Escherichia genera demonstrated siderophores production.In conclu-sion,the melon seeds harbored diverse endophytes,and all endophytes possess growth-promoting functions.This study re-veals the diversity of endophyte in melon seeds and provides valuable germplasm resources for the development of envi-ronmentally friendly biofertilizers.

Abstract:Fusarium wilt is the primary factor causing continuous cropping obstacles in watermelon,and grafting is an ef-fective method for controlling this disease.Linglongwang was used as scion,and different materials including watermel-on inbred line M08,wild watermelon germplasm ZTC,hybrid combination M08×ZTC,and white-seeded pumpkin were used as rootstocks,with seedling and self-rooted seedling of Linglongwang as the control,this study investigated the ef-fects of four different rootstock grafting treatments on watermelon growth,Fusarium wilt resistance,fruit yield,and quali-ty in protected continuous cropping fields.The results showed that compared with seedlings grown from seeds,the inci-dence rate and disease index of Fusarium wilt in watermelon plants grafted onto the four rootstocks were all reduced.Among them,white-seeded pumpkin exhibited the best Fusarium wilt resistance,followed by ZTC.Grafting onto white-seeded pumpkin,ZTC,or M08 × ZTC all promoted watermelon growth,with yields significantly increasing by 167.71％,67.70％,and 51.55％,respectively,compared to the seed-grown seedlings of the Linglongwang cultivar.A com-prehensive evaluation of watermelon fruit quality using the subordinate function value method indicated that ZTC as root-stock improved fruit quality,while grafting onto other rootstocks led to a decline in quality.Therefore,ZTC can be used as rootstock for high-quality watermelon production in continuous cropping fields.

Abstract:The 2025"equivalent tariff"policy implemented by the Trump administration has intensified global protection-ism,significantly impacting China's agricultural trade,particularly posing challenging to the low-profit and high-volume edible fungi industry.Based on revlevant data from China's edible mushroom industry and customs trade from 2015 to 2024,this article systematically analyzes the potential impact of this policy on China's edible mushroom industry chain and proposes countermeasures.The study finds that,in terms of industrial structure,China's edible mushroom production has continued to grow steadily,but its export dependency is low,with exports accounting for only 2％of total production.In terms of exprot markets,the U.S.,as the third-largest export market for China's edible mushrooms,contributes less than 6％of total export value,reflecting a pattern of high-volume but low-profit pattern.Regionally,exports to the U.S.are concentrated in five provinces,including,Shandong,Fujian,which account for 74.86％of the total,indicating a high level of regional risk.The direct impact of the"equivalent tariff"policy on China's edible mushroom industry is manifest-ed in soaring costs,heightened business risks,a deteriorating profitability environment due to market contraction,and sig-nificant amplification of policy shocks due to time constraints.The indirect impacts include supply chain disruptions,the compounding of non-tariff barriers,and a forced shift towards the domestic market.In the short term,the industry must strengthen both domestic and international fronts.In the medium-to-long term,it should focus on adaptive branding.For long-term viability,it must leverage technology to build a robust edible fungi germplasm(seed)industry,the sector's core competitive component.

Abstract:Jinfen 809 is a new tomato cultivar with infinite growth type growth obtained by crossing inbred line17-648 as the female parent and inbred line 19-139 as the male parent.The hybrid has moderate growth potential and short internodes.The fruit is nearly round,and without green shoulder.The mature fruit is pink with a small navel,the rate of high-quality fruit is high,and average single fruit mass is 250 g.The soluble solids content is 4.8％,the total acid content is 0.67％,the total soluble sugar is 3.3％,the vitamin C content is 73.7 mg·kg-1,and the lycopene content is 21.6 mg·kg-1.It is resistant to tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease(TYLCV),tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)and blight.The average early yield is 3 073.8 kg·667 m-2,the average total yield is 7 625.3 kg·667 m-2.It is suitable for planting in early spring protected cultivation and overwintering greenhous in Tianjin.

Abstract:The terrain of Daloushan district and Qianzhong mountains are complex,with significant altitude differences and rich vegetation types,providing a favorable ecological environment for the growth of Boletus edulis.To further clarify the species diversity of Boletales fungi in the region,a survey was conducted using plot sampling and field surveys to investigate Boletales fungi resources in the Daloushan district and Qianzhong mountains,with a total of 365 samples col-lected.Combining morphological and molecular systematic analysis,the collected specimens were identified,resulting in the identification of 8 families,30 genera,and 73 species of Boletales fungi in the region,including 10 endemic species to China and 13 new records for Guizhou province.The dominant family is the Boletaceae family,accounting for 71.23％of the total species.The dominant genera include five genera such as Suillus and Boletus,accounting for 45.21％of the total species.The region contains 24 edible fungi,3 medicinal fungi,6 edible and medicinal fungi,and 19 toxic fungi;Threat assessment was conducted for 49 species,including 1 Near Threatened(NT)species and 1 Vulnerable(VU)species.The study results preliminarily clarified the species diversity characteristics and resource status of Boletales fungi in the Dal-oushan district and Qianzhong mountains,providing a theoretical foundation for the subsequent protection,development,and utilization of Boletales fungal resources.

Abstract:Bacterial fruit blotch(BFB)is a quarantine seed-borne disease caused by Acidovorax citrulli,which mainly harms watermelon,melon and other cucurbit crops.BFB has seriously limitted the sustainable and healthy development of the melon industry due to its features of rapidly spreading and seriously infecting.A.citrulli strains have been divided into two distinct groups based on their genetic diversity.In this study,the plate inhibition zone method and potted preven-tion experiment was performed to measure the inhibitory activity and control efficacy of 9 fungicides(36％chunlei copper quinoline,21.4％cuaminosulfate copper citrate,20％copper abietate,46％KCD 3000,25％cupric-amminium,50％chun-lei iodoxyl copper,20％thiosen copper,0.3％tetramycin,72％streptomycin sulfate)against A.citrulli group Ⅰ strains pslb9,pslb65,and group Ⅱ strains pslbtw14,pslbtw32,pslbtw38,and Aac5.The plate inhibition zone test showed that 0.3％tetramycin,46％KCD 3000,50％chunlei iodoxyl copper and 72％streptomycin sulfate,all exhibited favorable anti-bacterial activity against both group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ strains.The preventive effects on potted plants showed that 72％strep-tomycin sulfate,36％chunlei copper quinoline,50％chunlei iodoxyl copper had good control effects on the BFB caused by both of the group Ⅰ and Ⅱ strians.In summary,50％chunlei iodoxyl copper exhibited favorable control efficacy against both group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ strains in both in vitro and pot experiments,with the additional advantage of environmental friendliness.It was recommended as the preferred options for application.The above results provided a reference for guid-ing the prevention and control of BFB,and also provided technical supports for further field experiments and large area applications.

Abstract:Pepper is one of the most important vegetable crops in China,with a cultivation scale and economic value rank-ing among the top in the world.However,low temperature significantly inhibits the growth of pepper.This study focuses on the cold tolerant material KC13 and the cold sensitive material KC14.Through phenotype identification,cellular physi-ology,biochemical indicators,and transcriptome analysis,underlying the differences in cold tolerance between the two materials were explored.The results showed that low temperature stress caused wilting of leaves and damage to cell struc-ture in the cold sensitive material KC14,whereas there was no significant change in the cold tolerant material KC13.Bio-chemical analysis shows that the total chlorophyll content of cold resistant materials is less affected by low temperatures,and has higher POD activity and soluble sugar content,slower MDA accumulation rate,compared to KC14.Transcrip-tome sequencing data KEGG enrichment analysis and RT-qPCR showed that the expression patterns of key genes in-volved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway were specifically up-regulated in KC13.In summary,cold tolerant pep-per material KC13 enhances plant stress resistance by maintaining photosynthetic stability,enhancing antioxidant capaci-ty,accumulating osmoregulatory substances and activating oxidative phosphorylation pathway.The research results laid the foundation for molecular breeding of cold tolerance in pepper.

Abstract:Longbei No.1 is a new F,hybrid miniature pumpkin cultivar developed from a cross between female parent H2017-41-1 and male parent H2017-40-3.This early-maturing,high-quality cultivar exhibits vigorous plant growth,strong branching,dark green leaves,and excellent fruit setting ability.Under greenhouse conditions in Heilongjiang province dur-ing spring cultivation,the fruit development period is approximately 29 days,with a total growth cycle of 87 days.The fruit features an attractive flat-round shape and outstanding marketability.It has dark green skin with long,slender,light green stripes,yellow flesh with averaging 1.8 cm thickness,and superior quality characterized by soft texture,sweetness,aroma,and an average dry matter content of 21％,the total sugar content is 8.34％,the soluble solids content is 10.7％.The average single fruit mass is approximately 0.6 kg.The cultivar demonstrates strong continuous fruit-setting ability and it has moderate resistance to viral.The yield under protected cultivation can reach around 1887 kg per 667 m2,with good storage and transport tolerance.Longbei No.1 exhibits broad adaptability and is suitable for protected cultivation on a national scale.

Abstract:Hainan is the core production area for winter and spring melon supply in China.Melon can be pollinated using either artificial or bee pollination methods.Bee pollination significantly improves fruit quality but can lead to premature senescence,affecting economic benefits.To investigate the factors influencing plant premature aging caused by bee polli-nation,this study used Jinxiangyu melon as the experimental subject.Four treatments were established:no pollination(CK),artificial pollen pollination(strong×tall)(T2),artificial pollen pollination(weak×short)(T3),and artificial hor-mone pollination(T4).The effects of each pollination method on plant growth indicators,nutrient accumulation,fruit yield,quality,and seed traits were measured.The results indicated that neither the control nor hormone-pollinated melon exhibited premature aging,whereas all artificial pollen-pollinated treatments(simulating bee pollination)showed varying degrees of premature aging.The T2 treatment had a 4%premature aging rate,while the T3 treatment reached a significant-ly highest rate of 45%.The plants of T3 exhibited significantly lower leaf area,chlorophyll content,stem diameter and root vitality,compared to CK.During the harvest period,the yield of T4 treatment was significantly increased by 17.25%and 16.75%,respectively,compared with that of T2 and T3 treatments.The content of soluble sugar and soluble solids in the fruits treated with T2 were significantly higher than those treated with T3 and T4,and the total acidity was reduced.VIP analysis revealed,the influencing factors that cause premature aging of melon plants,from strong to weak,were as follows:Root system vitality>total biomass>fruit soluble solids content>fruit total acidity>seed number>potassium accu-mulation>fruit soluble sugar content.In summary,abnormal melon seed development disrupts the plant's nutrient resource allocation balance,leading to reduced root system vitality,nutrient absorption barriers,and ultimately premature plant se-nescence.

Abstract:Yinyu No.3 is a new cultivar of thick-skinned melon bred from the cross of M503 as female parent and M519 as the male parent.The plant grows moderately,with a compact shape and medium maturity.Under open field cultivation in Wuwei city,Gansu province,in the spring,the whole growth period is 116 days,and the fruit development period is 40 days.The female flowers are bisexual,with first female flower located at the 8th node,and the interval node position of female flower occurrence is 4 nodes;both the main and lateral shoots can bear fruit,with medium difficulty in fruit setting.The oblong fruit has a thick rind with netted skin;the skin has a yellow base color with high hardness,the white flesh is soft with strong sweet taste;the flesh thickness is 5.5 cm;the surface of the fruit is fully netted,with prominent moderate net-ting,and the fruit stalk is difficult to detach after maturity.The soluble solids content in the center is 17.6%,and 12.8%at the edge.It is highly resistant to powdery mildew,moderately resistant to downy mildew,and moderately resistant to stem rot.The average single fruit mass is 2.3 kg,and the average yield per 667 m2 is about 4776.5 kg.It is suitable for cultiva-tion in the spring in the northwest ecological zone of Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,and Ningxia.

Abstract:This study was conducted at a vegetable supply base for Hong kong in Qingtongxia city through filed plot ex-periments to investigate the effects of different biochar application rates(CK,0 t·hm-2;T1,7.5 t·hm-2;T2,15 t·hm-2;T3,22.5 t·hm-2;T4,30 t·hm-2)on the physicochemical properties and enzyme activity of irrigated silt soil,as well as the yield and quality of Brassica campestris.The aim was to provide a scientific basis for the promotion and application of biochar in agricultural production.The results showed that soil fertility and soil enzyme activity generally exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of biochar application rate.Two years after applying biochar,all applica-tion rate treatments significantly increased soil organic matter,available potassium,available phosphorus,microbial bio-mass carbon,and soil moisture content in the vegetable field.Compared to the control,soil available phosphorus,avail-able potassium,and soil moisture content increased by 1.9%-6.9%,2.3%-7.4%,and 6.9%-12.9%,respectively.The activi-ty of soil urease,phosphatase,and sucrase increased by 73.5%-175.4%,50.9%-136.1%,and 20.3%-55.5%,respectively.Among the four treatments,the order of activity for urease and invertase enzymes was T2>T4>T3>T1>CK.Soil ammoni-um nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content increased by 56.4%-126.9%,and 75.4%-166.9%,respectively,with the order for ammonium nitrogen content being was T2>T4>T3>T1>CK,and for nitrate nitrogen content being T3>T4>T2>T1>CK.Compared to the control,biochar application significantly increased the vitamin C and total nitrogen content of Brassica campestris leaves,with increases ranging from 33.1%-146.2%,and 9.3%-103.2%,respectively.The vitamin C content across treatments followed the order T3˃T4˃T2˃T1˃CK,while the total nitrogen content followed T2˃T3˃T4˃T1˃CK.Regarding total phosphorus content in leaves,the T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 6.6%and 7.4%,respec-tively.For the total potassium content,the T1 and T4 treatments significantly increased by 14.5%and 3.9%,respectively.Principal component analysis results showed that treatment T2 had the highest score,followed by treatment T3.Consider-ing all indicators comprehensively,the application of 15 t·hm-2 biochar(treatment T2)had the best overall effect on,im-proving vegetable soil quality and enhancing the quality of Brassica campestris.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of insecticides on the activity of defense enzymes in edible fungi,Pleurotus pulmo-narius and Auricularia polytricha were used as test materials.The effects of four commonly used insecticides(difluben-zuron,dinotefuran,beta-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole)on the activity of catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),superox-ide dismutase(SOD)and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)in mycelia and fruiting bodies were determined by three methods,drug-containing plate culture,mixed drug in culture substrate and spraying before fruiting.The results showed that at the mycelial stage,only the SOD activity of P.pulmonarius and the PAL activity of A.polytricha treated with be-ta-cyhalothrin were significantly higher than the respective control.After application of beta-cypermethrin by mixing with the culture substrate,only the CAT activity in fruiting bodies of P.pulmonarius was significantly higher than that in the corresponding control,while the CAT,POD and SOD activity in fruiting bodies of A.polytricha were all significantly higher than those in the corresponding control.When the insecticide were sprayed before fruiting,no significant increase in defense enzyme activity was observed in insecticide-treated P.pulmonarius fruiting bodies compared to those in the corresponding control,while no significant decrease was found in A.polytricha under the same treatments.In conclusion,the application of the four insecticides led to varying degrees of changes in the defense enzyme activity of P.pulmonarius and A.polytricha in both mycelia and fruiting bodies.The variation patterns were mainly influenced by the differences in edible mushroom varieties,different growth stages,and the physicochemical properties of the insecticides such as their systemicity,persistence and permeability.

Abstract:To select high-quality tomato varieties suitable for cultivation in solar greenhouse in the Andi region of Xinji-ang from six tomato varieties,this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of 18 fruit quality indicators of the tested varieties using principal component analysis(PCA)and membership function analysis.First,the raw data was standard-ized,and principal component analysis was employed for dimensionality reduction and correlation analysis.Simultaneously,variance analysis was performed on the fruit quality-realted data to copare differences among varieties.Subsequently,the membership function valuses for each indicator were calculated using membership function analysis,and a comprehen-sive evaluation model was constructed based on the results of the principal component analysis.The comprehensive scores of each variety were then calculated and ranked according to the model.The experimental results showed that sig-nificant differences among varieties in terms of vitamin C content,titratable acidity content,soluble sugar content,soluble solids content,lycopene content,fruit mass,hardness,acid-sugar ratio.After integrating all the indicators,the comprehen-sive scores of the varieties were ranked as follows:2T1068,TSH,Provence,2T719,Tongnianweidao,DRC564.Among them,the varieties 2T1068 and TSH exhibited the best overall performance and were identified as high-quality varieties suitable for local cultivation.These research results provide a scientific basis for tomato growers in variety selection,help-ing to improve fruit quality and better meet consumer demands.

Abstract:To investigate the alleviating effect of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on the antioxidant defense system and dry matter allocation of cucumber under high-temperature stress,using the cucumber cultivar Jinyou 101 as material,four ni-trogen application levels were set,namely 0(N0),160(N1),240(N2),and 320 kg·hm-2(N3).With 28/18℃(day/night)as the control,three high-temperature stress treatments of mild temperature stress(35/25℃),moderate temperature stress(38/28℃),and severe temperature stress(41/31℃)were simulated using artificial climate chambers..The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and soluble protein(SP)content in cucumber leaves at different durations(3,6,and 9 d),and the characteristics of dry matter allocation were measured after 9 d of stress.The results showed that,under the N0 treatment,high-temperature stress significantly inhibited SOD and CAT activity,with reductions ranging from 20.4%-44.1%and 9.1%-63.9%,respectively.Mild temperature stress(35/25℃)increased POD activity by 12.7%-210.0%,while severe temperature stress(41/31℃)decreased SP content by 22.8%-49.9%.Moderate ni-trogen(N2,240 kg·hm-2)application significantly improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes,increasing SOD and POD activity under mild temperature stress(35/25℃)by 7.9%-53.9%and 67.5%-328.2%,respectively,and enhancing CAT activity under moderate(38/28℃)and severe(41/31℃)temperature stress by 39.5%-146.3%.It also increased the dry matter allocation rate in fruit by 9.4%-16.9%under mild and moderate stress.However,under severe temperature stress(41/31℃),the regulatory effect of high nitrogen application(N3,320 kg·hm-2)significantly dismished.In conclu-sion,in facility cucumber cultivation,appropriate nitrogen application(N2,240 g·hm-2)under 35-38℃high-temperature stress can effectively activate the antioxidant system,promote dry matter allocation to fruits,and significantly alleviate high-temperature damage.When the temperature exceeds 41℃,it is necessary to combine environmental regulation and biological management measures to achieve synergistic alleviation of high temperature stress.This study provides key the-oretical and technical support for precision nitrogen application and stress-resistant cultivation of cucumber under high temperature stress in protected environments.

Abstract:To elucidate the genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying the differentiation of vine length traits in Chi-nese pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata),this study utilized homozygous short vine and long vine inbred lines to construct an F2 segregating population.Field phenotypic analysis revealed that the segregation ratio of short vine to long vine plants in F2 population fit a 3∶1(χ2=0.0981,P=0.754),suggesting that the short vine trait may be controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene.Morphologically,short vine materials were characterized by significantly shortened internodes,fewer nodes,increased stem diameter and distorted main vine,whereas long vine materials exhibited longer internodes and a greater number of nodes.Based on LC-MS/MS metabolomics analysis,a total of 1116 metabolites were identified at the vine stage.A total of 297 differential metabolites were obtained by preliminary screening,30 metabolites of which showed highly significant difference between the two vine materials.The up-regulated metabolites were mainly organic acids and their derivatives,along with organic oxygen compounds,while down-regulated metabolism were predominantly phenylpropanoids,polyketides,and organic oxygen compounds.KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the differential accumulated metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways,including glycerophospholipid metabolism,ABC transporter,plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis.Notably,glycerophospholipid me-tabolism and endogenous cannabinoid signal transduction may play a key role in the formation of different vine types.In conclusion,the short vine trait of C.moschata is controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene,and its formation is closely related to pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and endogenous cannabinoid signal transduction.This trait manifests as a resource reallocation pattern centered on"growth-defense",characterized by enhanced cell wall thickening and secondary metabolism.These findings provide important targets and a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of pumpkin short vine varieties.

Abstract:Pleurotus,a genus of wood-rotting fungi,is characterized by easy cultivation,extensive planting,short growth cycle,high bioconversion rate,strong environmental adaptability,and high edible and medicinal value.This study aims to clarify the differences in agronomic traits and nutritional value among different Pleurotus strains under the same cultiva-tion substrate,so as to provide scientific support for the breeding of excellent varieties of the genus Pleurotus and the tar-geted development of nutrition-oriented processed products.Six common Pleurotus were used as experimental materials,including P.ostreatus(Suping 5,Pinggu 45,Xinke 101),P.cornucopiae(Xiaobaiping),P.pulmonarius(Xiaxiu),P.djamor(Hongpinggu),P.eryngii(Suxing 1),and P.citrinopileatus(Pingding Yuhuangmo).The results showed that in terms of agronomic traits,P.ostreatus and P.pulmonarius exhibited the shortest mycelial growth period,early primordi-um formation,and rapid flushing during fruiting.Among them,Suping 5,Xiaxiu,Pinggu 45,and Xinke 101 showed the highest bioconversion rate in the first flush.Regarding nutritional value,significant differences were observed among the strains.Xiaobaiping had the highest content of vitamin C(533.07 mg·g-1),total amino acids(3.88 mg·g-1),and soluble protein(21.95 mg·g-1).The crude polysaccharide content(＞65 mg·g-1)in Xiaxiu and Suxing 1 was significantly higher than in other strains.The results of this study not only provide a scientific basis for screening and breeding superior Pleu-rotus varieties,but also offer direction for developing specialized processed mushroom products tailored to different nutri-tional needs,thereby contributing to the high-quality development of edible mushroom industry.

Abstract:To study the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the quality and yield of tomato,and to select suitable foliar fertilizers for greenhouse tomato cultivation,this study used tomato variety 184 as the test material.Five different foliar fertilizers with different active ingredients were selected,and six treatments were set up,with the application of clear wa-ter as the control(CK).The yield of tomato and the quality indicators of fruits at different maturity stages were measured,and the dynamic changes in the nutritional quality of tomato fruits during ripening were analyzed.The results showed that during tomato ripening the content of soluble protein and lycopene in fruits exhibited a gradual increasing trend.The con-tent of soluble solids and vitamin C generally increased first and then decreased,reaching the maximum value at the ma-ture stage.The content of nitrate first decreased and then increased,reaching the lowest value at the turning stage.Com-pared with CK,the application of silicon liquid fertilizer significantly increased the content of soluble solids,soluble pro-tein and vitamin C in tomato fruits at the turning stage,mature stage and overripe stage.The content of lycopene in toma-to fruits at the mature stage and overripe stage treated with seaweed extract water-soluble fertilizer was significantly in-creased by 45.39%and 17.53%compared with CK,respectively.A total of 12 phenolic acids and 4 flavonoids were detect-ed by high performance liquid chromatography,among which chlorogenic acid and benzoic acid had relatively high con-tent.Compared with CK,silicon liquid fertilizer could significantly increase the total phenolic acid content of tomato fruits by 5.89%,and the content of rutin was significantly increased by 51.11%.Amino acid water-soluble fertilizer could significantly increase the content of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in tomato fruits by 20.62%.The application of silicon liquid fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer could significantly increase the yield by 18.76%and 15.33%,respectively.In con-clusion,the application of silicon liquid fertilizer had the most significant effect on improving the nutritional quality and yield of tomato fruits,and could be promoted and applied in greenhouse tomato production.The research results can pro-vide theoretical guidance for the cultivation of high-quality greenhouse tomato.