Abstract:Objective To analyze the application trends and research hotspots of neurological rehabilitation over the past decade. Methods Relevant literatures on neurological rehabilitation published between January,2015 and December,2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.Citespace 6.3.R1 was used for visualization analysis. Results A total of 8 727 articles were included,among which 1 117 were from China,with an overall upward trend in an-nual publication volume in both contexts.The United States was the most productive country,and Harvard Uni-versity was the most prolific institution.The top three high-frequency keywords globally were spinal cord injury,neurological rehabilitation and virtual reality,whereas the top three high-frequency keywords in China were spi-nal cord injury,ischemic stroke and brain-computer interface.In recent years,bursting keywords in global includ-ed functional neurological disorder,artificial intelligence and deep learning,while bursting keywords in China were neurological function and machine learning. Conclusion Over the past ten years,the volume of global and Chinese researches on neurological rehabilitation has con-tinued to increase.Neurological disorders such as stroke,spinal cord injury,traumatic brain injury and neurode-generative diseases are the hotspots in this field.The application of emerging technologies,including artificial in-telligence,virtual reality,and brain-computer interfaces,is driving the advancement of neurological rehabilitation.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the current status and existing challenges in talent cultivation for sports rehabilitation in China based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework(RCF). Methods Data were collected from 104 higher education institutions nationwide that offer undergraduate programs in sports rehabilitation,including enrollment scale,regional distribution,degree conferral and training curriculum.Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to examine the status and characteristics from three dimen-sions:institutional distribution,competency development and resource allocation,in terms of institutional type,regional distribution density,curriculum structure differences,competency-oriented training approaches and re-source allocation patterns. Results Talent cultivation in sports rehabilitation in China currently faced a three-dimensional dilemma involving com-petency,resources,and public cognition.In terms of competency structure,a disconnect existed between medical fundamentals and exercise practice:physical education institutions provided insufficient medical training,whereas medical institutions lacked systematic instruction in exercise techniques.Regarding resource allocation,significant regional disparities were observed,with institutions heavily concentrated in Southwest(24.0%),East China(19.2%),and North China(15.4%),while Northwest China accounted for only 3.8%,forming a pro-nounced east-west gap.At the cognitive level,the public generally perceived sports rehabilitation as a service ex-clusive to athletes,and within the discipline,divergences persisted among the medical-oriented,sports-oriented,and integrated schools of thought.These challenges collectively hindered the quality of talent supply and regional balance. Conclusion Talent cultivation in sports rehabilitation in China is at a pivotal stage of transition from rapid expansion to quality enhancement.It is necessary to realign the knowledge structure and competency system of training pro-grams with the five core competency domains of RCF.

Abstract:Objective To develop a community-family management model for older adults with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and to formulate detailed application specifications,and to fully leverage the initiative of communities and fami-lies under limited resource conditions,for achieving community-based early detection and early intervention for older adults with MCI. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to identify pertinent publications.Corpus-based research method-ologies were employed to extract,refine,integrate and synthesize management elements,thereby establishing the specific content and service processes for each stage of the management model.Utilizing the 5W2H analytical framework,essential elements such as management stakeholders,target populations,content and methods for each stage were delineated.The model and its application guidelines were finalized through expert consultation and demonstration. Results An expert evaluation of the management model yielded mean scores of 4.84,4.32 and 4.84 for acceptability,fea-sibility and systematicity,respectively.By integrating the identified core elements with expert ratings and feed-back,the final iteration of the community-family management model for older adults with MCI was formulated.This model comprised of five stages:screening and identification,comprehensive assessment,intervention plan-ning,monitoring and referral pathways to ensure implementation,and enhanced support for communities,family members and caregivers.Additionally,it included 18 specific application guidelines. Conclusion The proposed management model may theoretically help delay cognitive decline,improve cognitive func-tion and potentially promote reversal from MCI to normal cognition.It may also enhance the awareness and cop-ing capacity of older adults and their families,strengthen community healthcare professionals'ability to early identify and manage MCI.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the research status,hotspots and development trends in the application of virtual reality(VR)tech-nology in managing negative emotions and postoperative rehabilitation of perioperative patients over the past de-cade. Methods Literatures related to the application of VR technology in managing negative emotions and postoperative reha-bilitation of perioperative patients were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection database and CNKI,cov-ering the period from January,2015 to August,2025,and CiteSpace 6.3.R1 was used for bibliometric analysis. Results A total of 267 English literatures and 130 Chinese literatures were included,with the annual number of publica-tions showing an upward trend.The United States was the country with the largest number of publications in Eng-lish literatures,and Erasmus University Rotterdam was the institution with the largest number of publications.High-frequency keywords included virtual reality,pain,surgery,anxiety and distraction.Research hotspots main-ly focused on functional exercise,negative emotions,pain management and multimodal intervention strategies.English researches were deepening towards virtual reality exposure therapy,mechanism exploration and personal-ized schemes,while Chinese researches focused more on the verification of rehabilitation effects. Conclusion Researches on the application of VR technology in the management of perioperative patients are rapidly de-veloping,with research hotspots shifting from single technology application to multimodal and personalized inte-grated intervention.Future research should focus on exploring its intervention mechanisms,personalized schemes and the breadth of cross-departmental applications.

Abstract:Objective To conduct a theoretical study on the medical-rehabilitation integration. Methods Starting from the background,objectives and content of the medical-rehabilitation integration,this study ana-lyzed its innovative points from the dimensions of conceptual innovation,organizational innovation,model inno-vation and technological innovation. Results and Conclusion The medical-rehabilitation integration is an innovation in medical services that takes conceptu-al innovation as the forerunner,organizational innovation as the foundation,model innovation as the carrier and technological innovation as the core.

Abstract:Objective To develop an intervention program based on a shared mental model to enhance the communication and col-laboration skills of nurses in multidisciplinary teams in stroke rehabilitation wards. Methods Using the shared mental model as the theoretical framework,the intervention program was preliminarily draft-ed through literature review to establish a theoretical foundation and qualitative research to identify clinical needs.The Delphi method was then used to revise and refine the program. Results Based on literature review and qualitative research,intervention elements were extracted across four dimen-sions:equipment,tasks,team interaction and team members,forming the initial draft of the intervention program.Two rounds of consultations were conducted with 18 experts,achieving a 100%valid response rate in both rounds.The expert authority coefficients were 0.87 and 0.90,respectively.In the second round of consultation,the variation coefficients for the importance scores of each item ranged from 0 to 0.20(overall Kendall's W=0.272,P<0.001),and the variation coefficients for feasibility scores ranged from 0 to 0.21(overall Kendall's W=0.275,P<0.001).The final intervention program included five first-level indicators,eight second-level indi-cators,and 29 third-level indicators,aligning with the four dimensions of the shared mental model. Conclusion The intervention program was developed to enhance the communication and collaboration skills of nurses in multidisciplinary teams in stroke rehabilitation wards based on the shared mental model.

Abstract:Objective To identify the multidimensional factors influencing balance dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults,pro-viding evidence-based support for the precise identification of high-risk individuals and the formulation of fall prevention strategies. Methods Drawing upon the 2015 follow-up data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),participants aged≥45 years were selected.Information on demographic characteristics,lifestyle habits,and health status was collected.Balance function was assessed using the full-tandem stance test.Logistic regression models were employed to analyze influencing factors and their correlation with Five Times Sit to Stand Test(FTSST)time. Results Female(OR=1.958,95%CI:1.706 to 2.247),age(OR=1.035,95%CI:1.030 to 1.040),depressive state(OR=1.151,95%CI:1.050 to 1.262),hypertension(OR=1.115,95%CI:1.015 to 1.225),diabetes(OR=1.587,95%CI:1.390 to 1.813),history of stroke(OR=1.582,95%CI 1.289 to 1.942),sarcopenia(OR=1.273,95%CI 1.080 to 1.500)and impaired activity daily living(OR=1.306,95%CI 1.142 to 1.493)were risk factors for balance function,while being able to complete FTSST(OR=0.411,95%CI 0.341 to 0.496)and having a high cognitive level(OR=0.974,95%CI 0.965 to 0.983)were protective factors for balance function.Among those able to complete the FTSST,longer FTSST completion time increased the risk of balance impairment after adjusting for confounding factors(Q2:OR=1.287,95%CI 1.116 to 1.485;Q3:OR=1.517,95%CI 1.321 to 1.745;Q4:OR=1.857,95%CI 1.615 to 2.137). Conclusion Balance function in middle-aged and older adults is influenced by multiple factors,with FTSST perfor-mance showing a significant negative correlation with balance impairment.

Abstract:Objective To explore the association between gastrointestinal diseases and dementia among older adults in China. Methods Data were extracted from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).Adults aged≥60 years with complete key data were included. Results A total of 6 186 older adults were enrolled,out of whom 32.15%with gastrointestinal diseases and 13.95%with dementia.There was a significant positive correlation between gastrointestinal diseases and dementia(OR=1.178,95%CI 1.001 to 1.384),and this association remained robust after adjusting for confounding factors.Strati-fied analysis showed that the correlation was significant in subgroups of females,urban dweller,primary school education level,history of smokers,no alcohol consumption,individuals with two or more chronic conditions,and those with depressive symptoms.Stratification by age,sleep duration and physical activity metabolism did not significantly alter the association between gastrointestinal diseases and dementia. Conclusion Strengthening the prevention,treatment and management of gastrointestinal diseases in older adults in Chi-na may help reduce the risk of dementia.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the current status,research hotspots and trends of postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation over the past decade. Methods Literatures related to postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation published between January 1st,2016 and June 30th,2025 were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP,Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed and Scopus.CiteSpace 6.2.R4 was used for visualized analysis. Results A total of 1 331 papers were included,including 810 Chinese and 521 English publications.The annual publica-tion volume increased in English articles,and China,the United States and Norway were the countries with the most publication.However,Chinese publication volume decreased after 2023.The keywords of the Chinese and English literatures formed 41 and 51 clusters,respectively,which were integrated into four core research areas:disease types,risk factors,rehabilitation intervention techniques,and outcome evaluation indicators.Chinese lit-eratures mainly focused on clinical applications and technological integration,whereas English literatures mainly focused on mechanism exploration and precision interventions. Conclusion Researches on postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation are rising over the past decade.There is a significant di-vergence in the main topics between Chinese and English researches.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of motor-cognitive dual-task training on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD). Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines,randomized controlled trials(RCT)evaluating the effect of motor-cogni-tive dual-task training on cognitive function in PD patients were systematically searched in the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from inception to December 20,2024.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Co-chrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.1.0 risk-of-bias tool and the PEDro scale.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4,and GRADE approach was applied to evaluate the quality of ev-idence. Result A total of ten studies involving 330 patients were included,with PEDro scores ranging from six to nine.Meta-analysis showed that motor-cognitive dual-task training significantly improved Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scores(MD=2.05,95%CI 0.38 to 3.73,P=0.02).There was no difference in Stroop Color and Word Test(SCWT)(reaction time and accuracy),Trail Making Test A(TMT-A)and Trail Making Test B(TMT-B)from the control group(P>0.05).Subgroup analysis indicated that interventions lasting more than three months improved the MoCA scores(MD=3.64,95%CI 3.13 to 4.16,P<0.001).The GRADE rating of evidence was low for MoCA improvement,and moderate for improvements in TMT-A,TMT-B,and Stroop Color-Word Test(reaction time and accuracy). Conclusion Motor-cognitive dual-task training can improve overall cognitive function in patients with PD,as the inter-vention durations more than three months.The effect on visuospatial and executive function requires further in-vestigation.

Abstract:Objective To explore the research hotspots and development trends of 3D printing technology applied in stroke. Methods Relevant articles on the application of 3D printing technology in stroke were retrieved from the Web of Sci-ence Core Collection database from its establishment to 2025,and a bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace 6.2.R7. Results A total of 264 articles were included.The volume of publications was fluctuating and rising,reaching a peak in 2023.The United States and China ranked the top two in the world in terms of volume of publications and cen-trality.The institution with the largest volume of publications was University System of Georgia,and the authors with the largest volume of publications included Bobak Mosadegh,Evan Friend,Sutanuka Bhattacharjya,and Robert F Shepherd,etc.The articles with the highest citation frequency were writen by Holmes,et al.(2014)and Otton,et al.(2015).The top five keywords in terms of co-occurrence frequency were left atrial appendage clo-sure,soft robots,atrial fibrillation,artificial muscles and blood-brain barrier.Keyword clustering analysis formed seven clusters,which mainly focused on four fields:prevention,acute treatment,rehabilitation and basic re-search.The bursting keywords in recent years were blood-brain barrier and 3D printing technology,and the most bursting word was left atrial appendage closure. Conclusion Researches of 3D printing technology in the field of stroke mainly focus on the interdisciplinary directions of medicine and engineering,such as left atrial appendage closure,soft robots and atrial fibrillation management.

Abstract:Objective To conduct a systematic review of the preventive effect of exercise interventions on sport-related concussions(SRC). Methods Literatures about the preventive effect of exercise interventions on SRC were searched in databases including CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP,Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library and EBSCO,with the search scope covering from the establishment of the databases to July 22,2025.The methodological quality of the in-cluded studies was assessed using PEDro Scale,and relevant data were extracted following the PRISMA guide-lines for a systematic review. Results A total of 29 studies were included.Among them,studies with individuals as the analytical unit included 3 892 participants;studies with teams as the analytical unit involved 41 clubs.Participants came from countries includ-ing the United States,the United Kingdom,Italy,New Zealand,Australia,Canada and Germany.The studies spanned from 2004 to 2025.The scores of PEDro scale was four to eight.Intervention methods comprised tradi-tional neck resistance training,dynamic neck resistance training and injury prevention programs.Traditional neck resistance training(primarily using bodyweight or elastic bands,often involving isometric contractions)typically featured 15 to 35 minutes per session,two to three times per week,for four to 16 weeks.Dynamic neck resis-tance training(involving multi-plane isometric or isokinetic exercises using specialized equipment)typically fea-tured ten to 40 minutes per session,two to three sessions per week,for six to 14 weeks.Injury prevention pro-grams(incorporating neck exercises before/after routine training,integrating neuromuscular control,balance training,perturbation training and technique optimization)typically featured 15 to 20 minutes per session,two to three sessions per week,for three to nine months in the season.Neck strength gains were most robust across all three intervention types,with dynamic training yielding greater multidirectional strength gains compared to tradi-tional training.Some studies also observed improvements in key head kinematic parameters through exercise in-terventions,particularly for individuals using injury prevention programs and those with baseline weak neck strength.A small number of randomized controlled trials confirmed that injury prevention programs reduced SRC incidence,demonstrating a dose-response relationship where greater benefits correlated with higher adherence. Conclusion Most studies confirm that exercise interventions are effective on preventing SRC,though some individual studies remain controversial.Standardized,sustained and well-adhered-to exercise interventions can reduce SRC risk,which should be promoted as a primary prevention strategy at the team level.

Abstract:Objective To develop a Chinese expert consensus on comprehensive rehabilitation and non-invasive neuromodulation awakening therapy for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness(pDoC)using an evidence-based ap-proach. Methods A core working group for the consensus was established.Combining the latest domestic and international ad-vancements with clinical practice experience,preliminary recommended opinions were formulated focusing on two core topics:comprehensive rehabilitation and non-invasive neuromodulation for pDoC patients.After two rounds of online and offline expert consultation and discussion,all the final recommended opinions received up to more than 70%of agreement. Results The development of rehabilitation strategies for pDoC patients should be in team-work,led by rehabilitation physicians,involving physical therapists,occupational therapists,speech therapists,nurses,neurologists,inter-nists,nutritionists,social workers,and other professionals.Ten consensus opinions and six recommended treat-ment parameters were developed for comprehensive rehabilitation and non-invasive neuromodulation for pDoC patients. Conclusion The expert consensus on comprehensive rehabilitation and non-invasive neuromodulation for pDoC patients provides a standardized guidance to promote the standardized management of clinical rehabilitation,and provide references for developing individualized rehabilitation strategies.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the situation and related needs of rehabilitation for children with 5q spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)treated with disease-modifying treatment. Methods From February,2020 to February,2025,the children with 5q SMA were included,who visited Children's Hos-pital Affiliated to Shandong University and received Nusinersen or Risdiplam for more than three months.QR code was used to distribute electronic survey questionnaires.The basic information,rehabilitation status and reha-bilitation needs were investigated. Results A total of 165 electronic questionnaires were collected with 152 valid ones.There were 78 males and 74 females with an average age of(6.99±5.19)years.Regarding the current rehabilitation status,105 cases(69.08%)re-ceived regular rehabilitation at professional institutions,with a similar proportion(106 cases,69.74%)perform-ing regular joint stretching;the weekly rehabilitation duration was predominantly distributed as≥7 hours(71 cas-es,46.71%)and<1 hour(32 cases,21.05%),showing a"concentrated or insufficient"pattern;only 53 cases(34.87%)engaged in regular aerobic exercise,and merely 34 cases(22.37%)could complete rehabilitation train-ing independently,while 136 cases(89.47%)required supervision and assistance from family members.A total of 21 cases(13.82%)were dissatisfied with the rehabilitation outcomes.The main rehabilitation challenges included economic issues(62.50%)and lack of professional rehabilitation resources(59.87%).The primary rehabilitation needs were professional rehabilitation training and guidance(48.03%)and financial support(42.76%). Conclusion There is an extensive range of rehabilitation needs in children with 5q SMA undergoing disease-modifying treatment.The main problems included economic issues,insufficient time of the caregivers and the lack of profes-sional rehabilitation therapists and institutions.Economic assistance and professional rehabilitation guidance are urgent needs for parents of SMA children.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive respiratory training guided by action research method on old patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods From October,2024 to March,2025,108 old patients with COPD at Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical Uni-versity were randomly divided into control group(n=54)and observation group(n=54).The control group re-ceived routine intervention,while the observation group received a comprehensive respiratory training guided by action research method in addition,for eight weeks.They were measured forced vital capacity(FVC),maximal voluntary ventilation(MVV),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP)and 6-minute walk test(6MWT)before and after the intervention,and assessed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test(CAT);the occurrence of acute exacerbation during the intervention period was recorded. Results Three cases in the control group and five cases in the observation group dropped down.FVC,MVV,FEV1,MIP,6MWT and CAT score improved in both groups(|t|>4.637,P<0.001)after intervention,and they were better in the observation group than in the control group(|t|>2.293,P<0.05).No acute exacerbation occurred during in-tervention in both groups. Conclusion Comprehensive respiratory training guided by action research method can improve the respiratory function and motive ability of old patients with COPD,as well as the quality of life,without increasing the risk of acute exacerbation.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of computerized cognitive remediation therapy(CCRT)on cognitive function and activi-ties of daily living(ADL)in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). Methods From November,2021 to May,2023,56 inpatients with PSCI in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were recruited and ran-domly divided into control group(n=28)and experimental group(n=28).The control group received conven-tional cognitive training combined with occupational therapy cognitive training activities,while the experimental group received conventional cognitive training combined with CCRT,for four weeks.They were evaluated with Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(LOTCA),Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neu-ropsychological Status(rBANS)and modified Barthel Index(MBI)before and after treatment. Results Three cases dropped out in each group.After treatment,the total scores of LOTCA and rBANS,and the score of MBI increased significantly in both groups(|t|≥8.944,P<0.001).The differences in the scores of visuomotor organization and thinking operations domains in LOTCA between pre-treatment and post-treatment(|t|≥2.120,P<0.05),and the differences in the scores of immediate memory,speech function,attention and delayed memo-ry domains in rBANS between pre-treatment and post-treatment(|t|≥2.392,P<0.05)were higher in the experi-mental group than in the control group. Conclusion CCRT can effectively improve the overall cognitive function and ADL of PSCI patients.Compared with oc-cupational therapy cognitive training activities,CCRT demonstrates superior efficacy on aspects such as visuomo-tor organization,thinking operations,immediate memory,speech function,attention and delayed memory do-mains.

Abstract:Objective To explore the changes in expenses and structure after the department's payment method shifting from fee-for-service(FFS)to diagnosis related groups(DRG). Methods Information from the first pages of medical records of patients in the Rehabilitation Department of the First Af-filiated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May,2018 to May,2024(n=16 827)were collected,and then the factors affecting the hospitalization costs of rehabilitation patients were analyzed. Results The total treatment costs accounted for over 50%of expenditures,with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and Western medicine treatments contributing nearly equal shares.The proportion of TCM medication costs showed a slight increase,while Western medication costs declined annually.The combined medication costs de-creased steadily from 18.2%in 2018 to 9.2%in 2024.Among 16 827 patients,hypertension was the most preva-lent comorbidity,affecting 51.94%of cases.Within functional impairment classifications,the patients with motor disorders constituted the largest group at 59.14%.Stroke patients represented the largest disease category,ac-counting for 49.44%of cases.The average daily hospitalization cost for each disease category showed a signifi-cant decline starting in 2023(when the DRG payment method was implemented),reaching its lowest point in 2024.Across different years,stroke remained the primary diagnosis among inpatient admissions for each disease category.The number of admissions under"other diagnoses"(excluding the six major common diseases)in-creased annually.The primary factors influencing rehabilitation treatment costs for patients were length of hospi-tal stay(β=0.66)and disease category(β=-0.43). Conclusion The total inpatient costs have declined in rehabilitation department from 2018 to 2024,with 2024 marking the lowest level,meanwhile,the proportion of Traditional Chinese Medicine-related costs has slightly increased,and the total drug cost ratio has continued to decrease.The share of rehabilitation treatment expenses has re-mained stable.This suggests a successful transition to DRG payment system.

Abstract:Objective To sort out the contents of five evidence-based occupational therapy practice guidelines issued by the Ameri-can Occupational Therapy Association(AOTA)in recent years. Methods The clinical problems,evidence levels and intervention strategies in the five guidelines issued by AOTA were summarized respectively. Results and Conclusion All the five guidelines emphasize the role of caregivers,focus on patients'social participation,and integrate high technology into the service mode of occupational therapy.

Abstract:Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on multidimensional health indicators in chil-dren and adolescents with Down syndrome(DS). Methods Literatures about exercise interventions on multidimensional health outcomes in children and adolescents with DS were searched in CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP,China Biology Medicine disc,Web of Science,PubMed,Co-chrane Library,Embase and other databases from establishment to August 10,2025,according to PICOS.The Co-chrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the literatures,and Stata 18.0 and Rev-Man 5.4 were used for statistical analysis and publication bias test. Results A total of 32 studies with 1 057 subjects from 30 publications were included.Meta-analysis showed that exercise intervention significantly improved body composition,balance function,gross motor skills and lower limb mus-cle strength in children and adolescents with DS compared to the control group(P<0.05).Subgroup analyses suggested that the resistance training program of 12 to 24 weeks,one to two times per week,≤30 minutes in a single session was more effective on body mass index;the aerobic exercise program of 24 to 36 weeks,three to four times per week,30 to 60 minutes in a single session was more effective on body fat percentage;the aerobic exercise program of≤12 weeks,three to four times per week,30 to 60 minutes in a single session was more ef-fective on static balance function,while the aerobic exercise program with a single session of≤30 minutes was the most effective on dynamic and functional balance;the aerobic exercise program with≤12 weeks,three to four times per week,and a single session of more than 60 minutes was more effective on the development of gross motor function;and the vibration training program with≤12 weeks,three to four times per week,and a sin-gle session of≤30 minutes was more effective on the strength of knee flexor and extensor muscle groups. Conclusion Exercise interventions can safely and effectively improve body composition,balance function,gross motor skills and lower extremity muscle strength in children and adolescents with DS.There are specific exercise types and dosage parameters that are more effective on different health outcomes.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status of exercise duration of phase Ⅰ cardiac rehabilitation for patients after percuta-neous coronary intervention(PCI),and analyze its related factors. Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent PCI and participated in phase Ⅰ cardiac rehabilitation from May,2022 to May,2024 were reviewed.Their clinical data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire,and the exercis-es duration of cardiac rehabilitation was recorded. Results The average daily exercise duration of cardiac rehabilitation was(19.45±6.32)minutes.The scores of fatigue,family support and exercise fear were(62.55±4.37),(84.87±10.65)and(41.98±5.24),respectively.There were significant differences in the exercise duration of rehabilitation among patients with different ages,body mass,cardiac function grades,presence or absence of postoperative angina pectoris,and presence or absence of postop-erative nutritional intervention(P<0.05).Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the exercise duration of re-habilitation correlated with the scores of fatigue(r=-0.247,P<0.05),exercise fear(r=-0.235,P<0.05)and family support(r=0.206,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that postoperative angina pecto-ris(B=-3.210,95％CI-5.564 to-0.855),postoperative nutritional intervention(B=-3.738,95％CI-6.790 to-0.686),fatigue(B=-0.182,95％CI-0.349 to-0.014),family support(B=0.086,95％CI 0.003 to 0.169)and exercise fear(B=-0.139,95％CI-0.248 to-0.030)were independent factors relating to the duration of rehabil-itation exercise(P<0.05).Structural equation modeling showed that there were direct effects of all the five inde-pendent factors on the exercise duration of rehabilitation,while indirect effects were found in postoperative angi-na pectoris and postoperative nutritional intervention. Conclusion It is needed to improve the exercise duration of phase Ⅰ cardiac rehabilitation for patients after PCI.Postoper-ative angina pectoris,lack of nutritional intervention,fatigue,exercise fear and insufficient family support can all influence the exercise duration of rehabilitation,which should be appropriately administer to promote the postop-erative outcome.