Abstract:With the development of medical information technology and the change of health management concept,the demand for health services for operators in special environment has extended from simple health examinations to comprehensive health protection and health management.How to achieve complete storage of physical examination information and efficiently identify abnormal information for early warning is the basic work of health management.This study proposes a operators in special environment health examination information management system based on the existing physical examination system of the hospital,which integrates the hospital information system to achieve efficient circulation and storage of physical examination data.The system can perform comprehensive health data analysis,early warning of potential health risks,and timely medical intervention.In addition,the system also includes electronic health record storage,abnormal result reminders and decision support functions,which improves the level of health management of operators in special environment.The modular design of the system ensures its scalability and can meet the growing demand for expanding health information management functions in the future.

Abstract:The potential startle and surprise effects experienced by pilots when encountering unexpected events are concerned with resilience.This paper reviews researches on startle and surprise effects and aviation-related resilience,summarizing the characteristics and consequences of startle and surprise effects,descriptive definitions of resilience,along with their respective influencing factors and intervention methods.In response to the transformation of training philosophies and methodologies in civil aviation to enhance pilots'comprehensive capabilities,it provides a brief introduction to Competency-Based Training and Assessment,comparing Evidence-Based Training with traditional training approaches.Regarding coping strategies for unexpected events,the paper presents academic research findings and recommended practices from the aviation industry.Drawing from flight training practices and real event cases,the author shres practical experiences and personal insights on these subjects.

Abstract:This study investigates the impact of microgravity,radiation,and psychological stress during spaceflight on human intestinal health,with a particular focus on how these factors can lead to adverse outcomes by disrupting the mechanisms of intestinal homeostasis.As a crucial barrier between the body and the external environment,the intestine's function,if compromised,may trigger"leaky gut syndrome,"thereby increasing the risk of infections and systemic inflammation.The space environment significantly alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota,and these changes may further affect the host's metabolic processes,immune regulation,and the normal functioning of the nervous system.Additionally,this paper explores traditional Chinese medicine as a potential intervention strategy,which can help mitigate the challenges posed by the space environment on intestinal health by restoring the stability of the intestinal microecology,enhancing the integrity of the intestinal barrier,and modulating immune mechanisms.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of the Ano1 calcium-activated chloride channel inhibitor tamsulosin in weightlessness-induced bone loss.Methods With the cell rotation model used to simulate the effects of microgravity,the impact of tamsulosin on the increased activity and function of osteoclasts induced by simulated microgravity was assessed.Using a mouse tail suspension model to simulate microgravity,the effects of tamsulosin on bone loss caused by simulated microgravity were analyzed.Results After simulated microgravity treatment,compared to the DMSO treatment group,the upregulation of osteoclast-related gene expression in the tamsulosin treatment group was reduced,the number of TRAP-positive cells decreased,the expression of Ano1 and its downstream signaling pathway CaMKⅣ-Creb-NFATc1 were inhibited,and intracellular chloride ion concentration increased.Following tail suspension to simulate weightlessness,the bone loss in the tamsulosin-treated mice was reduced.Conclusion tamsulosin targets Ano1 to inhibit osteoclast activity and alleviate weightlessness induced bone loss.

Abstract:Objectives To establish an assessment method of operational capability on using work sample tests,select typical complex discrete operational tasks under extreme environments,and obtain baseline data from a representative population;to evaluate the discriminability,reliability,and other psychometric metrics of the assessment method;and to propose recommendations for scoring criteria in operational capability testing.Methods The assessment method was designed according to the"five unifications"requirements of work sample tests,including the selection of typical extreme environment operational tasks,evaluation metrics,and test procedures.A pre-experiment involving 10 volunteers was conducted to preliminarily validate the test procedures,finalize the selected operational tasks,and streamline evaluation metrics.Forty volunteers completed a formal experiment which was evaluating human operational capability by high-complexity and medium-complexity discrete extreme environment operational tasks.Performance metrics such as task completion time and accuracy scores were analyzed.Results(1)Operational accuracy scores significantly decreased as task complexity increased.A significant positive correlation was observed between accuracy scores of medium-complexity and high-complexity tasks(P<0.01).(2)For medium-complexity tasks,accuracy scores were significantly negatively correlated with task completion time(P<0.01),indicating higher accuracy corresponded to shorter completion times.(3)The split-half method was used to analyze the reliability of the experiment results,with a reliability coefficient of 0.66,demonstrating good reliability.The methods,materials,and expert evaluations were derived from actual extreme environment missions,confirming the test's validity.Conclusions The operational capability assessment method based on work sample tests which was proposed in this paper can effectively evaluate human operational capability in discrete complex operational tasks within the extreme environment domain.

Abstract:Due to the effects of microgravity,astronauts experience significant bone loss during spaceflight.This bone loss increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures,posing a serious threat to astronauts'skeletal health and their capability to undertake long-duration space missions.Research has shown that mitochondria-mediated metabolic regulation can sense microgravity stress,modulate multiple signaling pathways,and trigger early cellular responses.This review summarizes the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to bone loss in both real and simulated microgravity environments,as well as the progress in existing drug studies.It provides a theoretical foundation for developing new bone-protective strategies targeting mitochondria.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical effect of three different precision Delicate moxa-wool moxibustion degrees on pain of lumbar disc herniation,so as to provide a reference for developing scientific and effective interventions.Methods A total of 105 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion who visited Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine-Shenzhen Hospital from July 2020 to December 2022 were randomly divided into three groups,with 35 patients in each group.They were given refined moxibustion treatment with low,medium,and high moxibustion doses,respectively.Before treatment,at the end of treatment,and during follow-up,the Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)scale,the Short-Form McGill pain questionnaire(MPQ),and the Short Form 36(SF-36)Health Survey were used to evaluate the differences in clinical efficacy within and between groups at different time points.Results The intra-group comparison revealed that at the end of the treatment course,the JOA scores,SF-36 scores,and MPQ scores of all three groups were significantly better than those before treatment,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The inter-group comparison conducted at the end of treatment found that the JOA scores,SF-36 scores,and MPQ scores of patients in medium-moxibustion-dose group and high-moxibustion-dose group were superior to those in low-moxibustion-dose group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in these three scores between medium-moxibustion-dose group and high-moxibustion-dose group(all P>0.05).In terms of clinical efficacy,the total effective rates of medium-moxibustion-dose group(94.29%)and high-moxibustion-dose group(93.75%)were both higher than that of low-moxibustion-dose group(80%),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion The refined moxibustion treatment at different dosages demonstrated certain clinical efficacy for lumbar disc herniation.Considering both treatment efficacy and resource efficiency,a medium dosage is the recommended optimal option from this study.Furthermore,patients reported better comfort and higher acceptance when the moxa cone was extinguished after burning to 3/4 of its length.

Abstract:In deep space exploration missions,the extreme space environment composed of high-energy charged particle radiation poses a significant threat to manned spaceflight.Deep space explore operators may face risks of excessive radiation doses and cumulative radiation damage,making radiation sensitivity a critical component of the deep space radiation protection system.This article conducts a systematic analysis based on 51 high-quality articles published in the PubMed database,summarizing the research progress on the space radiation sensitive biological markers,and the selection techniques for astronaut radiation sensitivity.It further proposes directions for future development.This review not only provides theoretical support for manned deep space exploration missions but also offers references for nuclear industry workers and emergency rescue personnel in nuclear accidents.

Abstract:Objective To compare the effects of two hypoxia endurance tests and experiences on physiological functions and cognitive abilities,and to provide a reference for choosing appropriate hypoxia endurance training methods.Methods Seven male participants,mainly students of this school,with a mean age of 20.5 years,were subjected to acute high-altitude hypoxia via exposure to a hypobaric chamber and a hypoxic gas mixture.Data on blood oxygen saturation,heart rate,blood pressure,and neurological function were systematically collected.Results Both hypoxic exposures resulted in a decrease in oxygen saturation,a compensatory increase in heart rate and blood pressure,and a decline in cognitive ability.After 15 minutes of hypoxia at 3000 m,the blood oxygen saturation was stable at 90%,and the heart rate was stable at 80 times per minute;after 15 minutes of hypoxia at 5000 m,the blood oxygen saturation was stable at 80%,the heart rate of hypobaric hypoxia was stabilized at 90 times per minute,and the heart rate of normobaric hypoxia was stabilized at 85 times per minute.Blood pressure had a tendency to increase during hypoxia,but the change was not obvious.Hypoxia exposure at 3000 m had little effect on work ability,and the values of mental arithmetic,graph memory and curve matching ability decreased significantly after two hours of hypoxia(P<0.05);hypoxia exposure at 5000 m had greater effect on work ability,and the values of five neurological function tests decreased significantly after two hours of hypoxia(P<0.05).Conclusion Both types of hypoxic exposure led to decreased blood oxygen saturation and corresponding increases in heart rate and blood pressure as compensatory mechanisms.There were no significant differences in physiological and cognitive performance between normobaric hypoxia training and hypobaric hypoxia training.Each method possesses distinct advantages,and the appropriate approach can be selected based on the specific training environment to optimize the high-altitude physiological training for pilots.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation(TEAS)on cardiac function in healthy individuals,providing experimental evidence for the application of acupuncture techniques in improving astronauts'cardiac function during space missions.Methods A total of 24 subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the Trial Group I or Trial Group II using a random number table.Both groups received continuous TEAS intervention for 14 days,with Trial Group I receiving one session per day and Trial Group II receiving two sessions per day.Cardiopulmonary endurance and heart rate variability were evaluated before and after the intervention.Results Maximal oxygen uptake increased in both groups,with Trial Group I showing a statistically significant increase(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in LF or LF/HF indices within or between groups before and after intervention(all P>0.05).Both groups demonstrated significant increases in maximal oxygen uptake per kilogram and pulmonary ventilation(all P<0.05),and a declining trend in maximal exercise heart rate was observed.Regarding safety,no significant differences were found in NRS scores and safety grading between the groups before and after treatment(all P>0.05).Conclusion TEAS can effectively enhance cardiac functional reserve in healthy individuals,with the intervention being safe and reliable,suggesting its potential as an effective method to improve cardiac function in astronauts during spaceflight.

Abstract:Overweight environments have many impacts on human physiology,emotions,and cognitive functions.The overweight environment of manned lunar landing and deep space exploration missions is more complex,which puts higher demands on the psychological quality and operational ability of astronauts.In order to objectively and accurately evaluate human efficacy in overweight environments,an artificial neural network Back Propagation(BP algorithm)was used to construct an efficacy evaluation model based on human physiology,emotions,and cognitive abilities in overweight environments.After verification and comparison,a four-layer artificial neural network with 2 hidden layers,29 input nodes,and 1 output node was ultimately selected.The model accuracy of the experimental sample reached 93.55%,and the accuracy after data augmentation reached 98.3%.This model can achieve automated evaluation of subjects in overweight environments,reduce the need for subjective evaluation by experts,weaken the dependence on subjective judgments of main subjects,and provide more comprehensive and accurate quantitative evaluation of human abilities in overweight environments.It provides technical support for the subsequent use of artificial intelligence technology to establish an auxiliary decision-making system for overweight main subjects/main officials.Subsequently,an efficacy evaluation model based on human physiology,emotions,and cognitive abilities in overweight environments can be constructed,and an auxiliary decision-making system for overweight experiments/bishops can be established using artificial intelligence technology.Provide support for more efficient and accurate selection,training,or identification of overweight astronauts and pilots.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypoxia on brain function and cognitive ability in fighter pilots using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)combined with a simulated hypoxia experiment.Methods A total of 60 healthy fighter pilots undergoing recuperation at a designated unit from June 2022 to October 2023 were selected.Hypoxia at an altitude of 5 000 m was simulated by having the participants inhale a hypoxic gas mixture with an oxygen concentration of 11.1%.Neuropsychological assessment results and brain functional imaging data before and after hypoxia exposure were compared and analyzed.Results Neuropsychological tests showed that after hypoxia exposure,the pilots'accuracy per unit time in the Spatial Rotation Test(P=0.01)and the Two-Dimensional Digit Search Test(P<0.01)decreased significantly,indicating impaired spatial imagination and information-processing abilities.Other cognitive dimensions(such as spatial orientation and learning ability)showed no significant changes.Rs-fMRI analysis revealed that after hypoxia exposure,regional homogeneity(ReHo)decreased in the bilateral superior frontal gyri,while ReHo increased in the primary visual cortex(bilateral calcarine cortex).Global functional connectivity density(FCD)analysis showed that FCD values in core regions of the default mode network(bilateral posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus)decreased significantly.Correlation analysis further indicated that the decline in spatial imagination ability was positively correlated with reduced FCD in the precuneus(r=0.57,P<0.01),suggesting that this brain region plays a key role in spatial cognition.Conclusion Hypoxia exposure impairs specific cognitive functions in pilots by weakening local and global connectivity in higher-order cognitive brain areas while inducing compensatory enhancement in vision-related regions.These findings provide imaging evidence for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying behavioral abnormalities in pilots under hypoxic conditions,which has important implications for optimizing flight training,improving protective measures,and ensuring aviation safety.

Abstract:Deep-sea manned submersible pilots are special and important talents who promote China's manned deep-sea diving project and implement the deep-sea strategy.Due to their long-term engagement in high-risk operations in extreme environments,it is very likely to cause extremely heavy physical and psychological burdens on the personnel.However,research on medical support for submersible pilots is still in its infancy in China at present,and there are relatively few related studies.The main purpose of this article is to study the particularity of the profession of submersible pilots from five aspects:professional value,professional risk,selection and training cost,working environment,and occupational diseases.It aims to summarize the current situation of medical security for submersible pilots,including medical insurance benefits,medical security during maritime operations,and daily medical security.By comparing and analyzing the medical support models for special position personnel such as astronauts and crew members,relevant suggestions for the medical support model of submersibles were put forward from two stages:during sea operations and during land training.This research provides a basis for strengthening the health support and scientific management of submersibles in extreme environments in China.

Abstract:Objective A new type fighter pilot's helmet comfort was investigated to provide basis for generalization and popularization.Methods A quantitative questionnaire was designed to evaluate the comfort of current helmets and new helmets by pilots of series A and B fighters,and compare the new helmets with the current helmets.Thirdly,quantitative statistics of questionnaires were carried out to analyze the pilot's opinions on current helmets and new helmets.Based on the structure and quality characteristics of current helmets and new helmets,the investigation results were analyzed and discussed.Results A total of 167 pilots from series A and B fighter aircraft participated in trial wear and questionnaire investigation of new helmets.Among them,103 pilots from series A fighters and 64 pilots from series B fighters.Compared with the pilot's current helmet,the new helmet is lightweight and comfortable.Among them,92.2%of the pilots of the series A believe that the new helmet is more comfortable than the current helmet,and 90.3%of pilots think it is necessary to replace the current helmet with the new helmet.90.6%of the pilots of the Series B think the new helmet is more comfortable than the current helmet,and 92.2%of pilots think it is necessary to replace the current helmet with the new helmet.Conclusion The new fighter pilot's helmet is light and comfortable,and has been widely praised by pilots.The research results provide data support and decision-making basis for its universalization and popularization.

Abstract:Objective To observe and analyze the disease,health status,and related factors of college students in Lhasa at a specific time point,so as to reveal the distribution characteristics of acute mountain sickness(AMS)and the correlation between TCM constitution and other variables in the target population.Methods A cross-sectional observational study design was adopted.Univariate analysis was conducted on the differences between groups in demographic and sociological indicators,physiological indicators,risk factors,TCM constitution,sleep quality,and psychological state,with the presence or absence of AMS as the grouping variable.Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed with variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis as independent variables and the presence or absence of AMS as the dependent variable to explore the correlation between AMS and various influencing factors.Results A total of 415 valid questionnaires were recovered.The prevalence of AMS peaked at 43.55%within 24 hours after entering Tibet,showing an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing.AMS was significantly correlated with pre-entry mood,time adaptation,anxiety state,and constitution.College students in a state of tension and fear were 4.84 times more likely to develop AMS than those with no change in mood(OR=4.84,95%CI:1.07～21.95,P=0.041).College students with anxiety were 2.21 times more likely to develop AMS than those without anxiety(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.23～3.99,P=0.008).In terms of constitution,when the Pinghe Constitution was used as the reference group,the combined constitution was significantly associated with the occurrence of AMS(OR=2.44,95%CI:1.16～5.16,P=0.019).Among the eight biased constitutions,the prevalence of AMS in qi-deficiency constitution was 2.06 times that in non-qi-deficiency constitution(95%CI:1.05～4.06,P=0.036).In terms of time adaptation,the stages of 72～96 hours and 96～120 hours after arriving in Lhasa had P<0.05,with OR values of 0.38(95%CI:0.15～0.99)and 0.30(95%CI:0.13～0.66),respectively.Conclusion The main risk factors for AMS in college students in Lhasa are related to anxiety,pre-entry mood,and constitution,and the adaptation time of 72 hours is a protective factor for AMS.

Abstract:Bone damage in space medicine mainly refers to a series of pathological changes in bone tissue during space flight because the specific space environment affects the physiological state of astronauts.At present,the research on bone damage in aerospace medicine mainly focuses on abnormal bone metabolism and osteoporosis.With the continuous development of space medicine,more and more attention is paid to such problems,and the development of traditional Chinese medicine is even more icing on the cake.Traditional Chinese medicine has its own unique theory to elaborate.This paper focuses on the pathogenesis of bone metabolic damage in space medicine from three aspects:yin and yang,qi and blood,and viscera,as well as the prevention of astronauts'bodies and the later rehabilitation treatment.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the nutritional quality characteristics of vitamin D3-fortified yogurt and explore its improving effect on vitamin D metabolism in the body under simulated weightlessness,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods.Methods Using reconstituted milk as the matrix and Vitamin D3(VD3)microcapsule powder as the fortifier,VD3-fortified yogurt was prepared.A systematic study was conducted to investigate the effects of different gradients(1.25 μg/100 mL,2.50 μg/100 mL,3.75 μg/100 mL,5.00 μg/100 mL,6.25 μg/100 mL)of VD3 microcapsule addition on its quality characteristics(titratable acidity,solid content,water-holding capacity,syneresis).In vivo assessments were conducted using a Sprague-Dawley(SD)rat tail-suspension model to simulate weightlessness.Levels in serum 25(OH)D3,1,25-(OH)2D3,calcium(Ca),and phosphorus(P)were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to evaluate its metabolic capacity.Results During fermentation(3 h),titratable acidity of VD₃-fortified yogurt initially increased,then decreased,and eventually stabilized with rising microcapsule dosage,while total solid content remained consistent.WHC exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline,whereas syneresis showed an inverse trend.At an optimal dosage of 3.75 μg/100 mL,the yogurt displayed a dense and uniform network structure,characterized by non-Newtonian fluid behavior with shear-thinning properties.This formulation demonstrated robust structural stability under high-frequency mechanical stress,alongside desirable textural,flavor,and sensory attributes.Animal experiments revealed that the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3,1,25-(OH)2D3,calcium,and phosphorus in the vitamin D₃-fortified yogurt intervention group were significantly higher than those in the tail-suspended control group(P<0.05).Conclusion VD₃ microencapsulation technology effectively preserves and enhances the nutritional quality characteristics of yogurt and mitigates vitamin D metabolic dysregulation under simulated weightlessness.

Abstract:Objective To clarify the prescription of acupoints for preventing and controlling insomnia problems of astronauts in orbit and to verify its effectiveness through ground-based experiments,so as to provide reference for space-based applications.Methods 60 patients with mild to moderate insomnia were randomly divided into 30 cases each in the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group was treated with TEAS,and the acupoints were Neiguan,Waiguan,Shenmen,Hegu,Shenmai,Zhaohai,Taixi,and Sanyinjiao for 30 min/times every other day for 4 weeks;the control group was treated with waiting.The TEAS treatment was evaluated using Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),insomnia severity index(ISI),Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),and indicators measured by the sleep monitor at pre-treatment,2-week,4-week,and 8-week follow-ups.Clinical efficacy for mild to moderate insomnia was assessed.Results The PSQI,ISI,and HAMD scores in the experimental group exhibited a decreasing trend during treatment and at follow-up,with significantly greater improvement compared to the control group(P<0.05).The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in HAMA scores than the control group at both the 4-week and 8-week follow-up assessments(P<0.05).Additionally,the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in reducing nighttime awakenings and enhancing sleep efficiency compared to the control group at the 4-week treatment mark(P<0.05).Conclusion TEAS Neiguan,Waiguan,Shenmen,Hegu,Shenmai,Zhaohai,Taixi and Sanyinjiao acupoints can significantly improve the sleep quality and anxiety and depression of patients with mild to moderate insomnia,and provide clinical data support for the prevention and treatment of insomnia in astronauts in orbit.

Abstract:To address the challenges of complex digital model management and difficulties in model interoperability during the development of sophisticated products,this paper proposes an intelligent cloud architecture-based method for MBSE(model-based systems engineering)model microservice aggregation and adaptive integration.By introducing ontology semantic annotation and hash encoding mechanisms,we achieve unified encapsulation and service-oriented management of heterogeneous modeling tool resources.Combined with model virtual execution modes and dynamic resource orchestration technology,we design a task-oriented of Model-Based Microservice Deployment Framework,significantly improving model service scheduling efficiency and resource utilization.Leveraging a service-cluster-based model aggregation approach,we employ Hamming distance to calculate model capability compatibility,optimizing model discovery and orchestration processes.The prototype implementation and multi-phase experimental validation conducted in a domestic private cloud environment demonstrate that the proposed method effectively supports digital development across the entire lifecycle of aerospace products,enhancing model resource sharing and system integration efficiency.

Abstract:In recent years,with the continuous advancement of deep space exploration missions,astronauts have been increasingly exposed to complex and extreme environmental factors in space,such as microgravity,space radiation,circadian rhythm disruption,and confined isolation.These conditions can easily induce brain dysfunction in astronauts,manifesting as cognitive decline,emotional disturbances,sleep disorders,and neuroinflammatory responses.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),characterized by its holistic regulation and syndrome differentiation-based treatment principles,exhibits multi-target regulation and systemic coordination,and has attracted growing attention in the field of brain function protection.This study systematically reviews the protective applications and research progress of TCM and related techniques in both actual spaceflight missions and simulated space environment models against brain functional disorders.The underlying mechanisms and future prospects are discussed,with the aim of providing insights for safeguarding astronauts'brain health and laying a theoretical foundation for the precise intervention and systematic protection strategies of TCM in future deep space missions.