Abstract:This paper intends to systematically interpret the pathology residency training system in Canada,focusing on its Competency-oriented Canada Medical Education Direction System(CanMEDS),the four-phase training plan,the two-part final assessment,and the base accreditation standards,and analyzing the core educational philosophy and distinctive strengths of this system.While China and Canada share commonalities in residency training systems,disparities also exist in practice.It is particularly notable that Canada formulates milestones in competency-based medical education,establishes Entrustable Professional Activity(EPA)in the hierarchical training process,and applies structured oral examinations to evaluate comprehensive competencies.These experiences can provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance in optimizing the content,improving the evaluation standards,and innovating the assessment model of the standardized residency training system for pathologists in China.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application of monthly teaching quality inspection based on PDCA cycle in standardized residency training.Methods This study developed a monthly teaching quality inspection score table,collecting quality inspection scores of each teaching month,resident satisfaction,and graduation first pass rate.Results After quality inspection of each teaching month,the number of departments with more than 90 points increased month by month,from 17(32.7%)to 52(100.0%).The residents'satisfaction with training management,teachers,training effect and self-ability avaluate was higher than that before the evaluation(P<0.05).The first pass rate of the final examination increased from 78.3%in 2022 to 94.0%in 2024(P<0.05).Conclusion The monthly teaching quality inspection based on PDCA cycle can effectively improve the quality of teaching,stimulate the enthusiasm of teachers,and improve the clinical practice ability of residents.

Abstract:Objective To visualize the research field of standardized training for ophthalmic residents in China,identify research hotspots and development trends,and provide reference for standardized training research for ophthalmic residents.Methods CiteSpace software was used as a visualization analysis software to conduct visualization analysis on the publication volume,keyword clustering,and keyword co-occurrence of literature included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and Wanfang database from September 2014 to September 2024.Results This study ultimately included 244 articles,and the number of publications showed an increasing trend year by year,with differences in publication volume among regions with different medical resources.The research institutions and authors were mainly from affiliated hospitals of higher medical colleges,but lacked cross regional cooperation and communication.After removing the two search keywords"ophthalmology"and"resident physician",the top three terms in terms of frequency were"teaching mode","ophthalmology teaching",and"teaching".The top three terms in terms of intermediary centrality were ophthalmology teaching(0.21),teaching reform(0.16),and teaching(0.12).Keyword clustering and emergent word graph suggested that research in the field of ophthalmic residency training focused on the construction of educational models and the improvement of teaching methods.Conclusion Research on ophthalmic residency training in China is still in its early stages,and there is an urgent need to strengthen cooperation between researchers and research institutions.The academic community should continue to increase research in the field of residency training,combining research focus with information technology and artificial intelligence,and continuously advancing the standardized training of ophthalmic resident physicians in China to a new level.

Abstract:Teaching film reading is a core component of the standardized residency training in the Department of Laboratory Medicine(referred to as"residency training").The professional base of the Department of Laboratory Medicine in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University strictly adheres to the requirements of the Content and Standards for Standardized Residency Training(2022 Edition)and the Guidelines for Teaching Film Reading in Standardized Residency Training(2022 Edition).Guided by the cultivation of six core competencies,it innovatively practices a hierarchical and progressive teaching film reading model.This model is based on the differences between grades and in professional abilities of residents.It scientifically designs stratified teaching objectives,contents and methods,with focuses on strengthening the expansion,extension and cyclic consolidation of key knowledge points.Practical experience has proven that this model can significantly improve residents'abilities in laboratory image recognition,clinical thinking skills,and diagnostic accuracy.It has achieved remarkable outcomes in cultivating clinical practice abilities,and has received widespread recognition and favorable comments from residents.It provides valuable references for the continuous optimization of the teaching system of residency training in the department of laboratory medicine.

Abstract:This paper,in response to the urgent need to enhance the ophthalmological diagnosis and treatment capabilities of general practitioners in primary healthcare,delves into the significance,strategies,and role of improving the ophthalmological diagnosis and treatment skills of general practice residents during their standardized residency training(referred to as"residency training").It emphasizes the urgency of enhancing the ophthalmological diagnosis and treatment capabilities of general practitioners,elucidates the correlation between general medicine and ophthalmology,and introduces basic ophthalmological knowledge.Focusing on researches of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and the residency training bases both domestically and internationally,this study proposes multidimensional strategies for improvements,including enhancing the learning of ophthalmological clinical theoretical knowledge,strengthening the cultivation of ophthalmological clinical diagnosis and treatment abilities,and expanding channels for increasing clinical practice internships.Finally,the study concludes its findings and looks forward to future research directions,such as innovating teaching methods continuously,enhancing the role of telemedicine,conducting multidisciplinary collaborative research,establishing and perfecting evaluation systems,and strengthening international exchanges and cooperation.

Abstract:In the traditional supervision model,issues such as clinical work conflicts,role ambiguity,and inadequate feedback mechanisms have severely impeded the effectiveness of supervisory practices.The Inner Mongolia People's Hospital has proactively pursued innovative reforms by implementing an appointment-based supervision system.This initiative eliminates the arbitrariness inherent in prior supervisory approaches,enabling specialized training bases to undertake thorough preparatory work in advance.Consequently,the supervision process achieves enhanced precision and comprehensiveness.Concurrently,the adoption of a third-party supervision mechanism leverages external professional expertise to mitigate conflicts of interest,thereby ensuring the objectivity and impartiality of evaluation outcomes.Furthermore,the establishment of a constructive engagement framework facilitates bidirectional communication between supervisors and supervisees.This dynamic not only enables accurate problem identification but also allows for the timely documentation and dissemination of exemplary practices.Through these innovative strategies,the hospital has significantly improved supervisory efficacy and robustly advanced the homogenization of standardized residency training.

Abstract:Objective To construct mixed reality(MR)clinical basic operation training models and explore the training effectiveness.Methods Routine clinical basic operation training models were designed and then transformed by combining them with MR technology to construct 8 MR clinical basic operation training models.A retrospective analysis was conducted in the results of assessments and questionnaire survey after the training of 48 residents(control group),who underwent traditional teaching in the Second Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022,and of 50 residents(observation group),who adopted the MR models for teaching from September 2022 to September 2023.The teaching effect was evaluated by the assessment results of the two groups of residents,the proportion of high score students and the questionnaire results.Results The mean score of the observation group(85.740±9.461)was better than that of the control group(81.667±8.662)(P=0.029).The proportion of high-score residents in the observation group reached 62.0%,which was higher than the 37.5%in the control group(P=0.026).The results of the questionnaire showed that,compared with the control group,residents in the observation group had significantly higher scores,were more satisfied with the teaching mode,more satisfied with the degree of knowledge mastery,more helpful to the clinical work,and more confident to apply the learned operation in clinical work,and the above differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion The MR clinical basic operation training model can achieve good training effect,and it is worth popularizing and applying.

Abstract:To effectively achieve the goal of fostering morality in medical education,integrating ideological and political education into standardized residency training(residency training)is of great significance.Currently,there is limited research on incorporating such education into practical courses within gastroenterology residency programs.Based on an analysis of discipline-specific characteristics,this paper explores multidimensional approaches of integrating ideological and political education throughout various stages of practical training in gastroenterology.It proposes the use of teaching methods and tools,such as narrative ward rounds,a medicine-medical humanities ethics matrix and a parallel observation record form,for clinical and humanistic care.The article also discusses the management and future development of ideological and political education in residency training,aiming to provide reference for cultivating ethically grounded.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application effect of problem-based learning(PBL)combined with case-based learning(CBL)teaching model in the standardized training of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)physicians in the department of hematological oncology.Methods A total of 87 TCM physicians undergoing standardized training in the Department of Hematological Oncology,the First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected as research subjects.They were randomly divided into two groups.The control group adopted the one-on-one traditional teaching model,while the observation group was implemented with the PBL combined with CBL teaching model.The theoretical knowledge scores,skill operation scores,case analysis scores,formative assessment results,clinical thinking abilities and teaching satisfaction of TCM physicians undergoing standardized training were compared before and after the teaching intervention.Results After intervention,the theoretical knowledge scores,case analysis scores,clinical thinking abilities and Objective Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE)results of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in innovative thinking abilities and teaching satisfaction between the two groups(all P>0.05).Conclusion The PBL combined with CBL teaching model can exert positive effect on improving the professional abilities of TCM physicians undergoing standardized training in the department of hematological oncology,and is worthy of promotion and application in clinical teaching.

Abstract:Objective This study aimed to assess the clinical work tasks and disease entities encountered by dermatology residents across the nation,providing insights for the development of residency training and assessment programs.Methods Several experts were organized to compile a list of clinical tasks and to categorize diseases based on the residency training curriculum.An electronic survey questionnaire was created,pilot-tested,and subsequently administered to dermatology residents nationwide who met the eligibility criteria.Results A total of 418 survey questionnaires were collected from 98 dermatology residency training centers in 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions across China,with 417 valid responses.The results indicated that the work of dermatology residents was concentrated in such aspects as collecting medical history,physical examinations,and establishing treatment plans for various diseases.Furthermore,the importance of effective doctor-patient communication was emphasized.However,the execution level of some clinical procedures was relatively low.Residents had a good grasp of common and prevalent diseases but a poorer understanding of rare diseases,indicating a need for further learning.Conclusion The findings of this study provide valuable guidance for the future training of dermatology residents,emphasizing the significance of cultivating clinical thinking abilities,medical documentation writing skills,and interpersonal communication abilities among trainees.Additionally,it is recommended to enhance the emphasis on certain dermatology-specific clinical procedures and to expand residents'opportunities for learning about rare diseases,so as to enhance the quality and comprehensiveness of training programs.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the implementation and efficacy of morning report appropriate for professional master's degree postgraduates.Methods 59 professional master's degree postgraduates,who completed rotation in the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine from January 2021 to January 2022 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital,were enrolled into the study.Their attendance times were recorded and attendance rate(attendance times/total MR times during rotation)was calculated.Those with attendance rate≤50%were assigned into the low attendance rate group,those with attendance rate between 50%and 70%into the moderate attendance rate group,and those with attendance rate>70%into the high attendance rate group.The correlation between attendance times,attendance rate and the score of completion course test was analyzed.The self-evaluative feedback from residents on morning report teaching was also analyzed.Results The score of completion course test showed no statistically significant difference between groups with different attendance rates(P>0.05).Attendance times and thoracentesis score showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).As to the self-evaluative feedback from residents,after morning report training,the ability of clinical thinking,ability of medical record writing,clinical operation skills,ability of image diagnostics,medical theoretical knowledge,and ability of giving prescription independently showed statistically improvements(P<0.001).Conclusion Though the score of completion course test shows no statistically significant difference,the ability of clinical thinking,ability of medical record writing,clinical operation skills,ability of image diagnostics,medical theoretical knowledge,and ability of giving prescription independently show statistically improvements from the self-evaluative feedback of residents.Further promotion of morning report should be made.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the application of DeepSeek-assisted teaching in standardized residency training for department of stomatology in general hospital,aiming to improve the quality of stomatology education.Methods Through 1:1 propensity score matching(PSM),a total of 30 resident doctors undergoing standardized residency training in the Department of Stomatology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2022 to 2025 were included in the study and assigned to an observation group(DeepSeek-assisted teaching group,n=15)and a control group(traditional teaching group,n=15).Upon completion of training,clinical diagnostic thinking and procedural skills were evaluated by instructors,and questionnaires were administered to assess teaching effectiveness and satisfaction.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline data composition between the two groups of resident physicians following the PSM adjustment(all P>0.05).Residents in the observation group achieved significantly higher scores in clinical exit examinations compared with the control group(all P<0.05).Additionally,the observation group reported higher ratings for teaching effectiveness and overall satisfaction(all P<0.05).Conclusion DeepSeek-assisted teaching can effectively enhance training quality,providing practical evidence for the digital transformation of medical education in stomatology.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application effect of the upgraded general practitioner-milestones(GP-S)training model in standardized residency training(hereafter referred to as residency training)for general practitioners in northern and southern China.Methods A total of 45 general practice residents from Zhejiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected and underwent a 3-month training intervention using the upgraded GP-S model.A self-controlled before-and-after study design and a north-south regional comparison were employed to evaluate differences in comprehensive competencies,including theoretical knowledge,SOAP note writing,clinical skills,and clinical thinking,before and after the training.Results After training,the first-year residents in Zhejiang Province showed significant improvements in theoretical knowledge,clinical skills,and clinical thinking scores compared with pre-training levels.The second-year residents showed improvements in clinical skills and clinical thinking,while the third-year residents showed improvements in theoretical knowledge and clinical skills.In Inner Mongolia,no significant differences were found between before and after training in any assessment domains for the first-year residents.However,the second-year residents showed improved SOAP note writing and clinical thinking scores,and the third-year residents showed improved clinical thinking scores.Inter-regional comparison showed that residents in Zhejiang Province outperformed their same-grade counterparts in Inner Mongolia in multiple assessments across several grades.No statistically significant differences were found between the scores of clinical training bases and community practice bases in either region before and after the training.Conclusion The upgraded GP-S model is effective in enhancing the comprehensive clinical competencies of general practice residents and shows potential for broader application.

Abstract:Objective This study aimed to explore the impact of the BOPPPS teaching model,which includes integrated curriculum introduction,learning objective setting,pre-assessment,participatory learning,post-assessment and summarization,combined with the flipped classroom teaching method on the clinical practice ability training of obstetrics and gynecology residents.Methods The study selected 70 residents from the obstetrics and gynecology training base of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2023 to June 2024 as research subjects,randomly dividing them into an observation group and a control group.The control group used traditional teaching methods,while the observation group was implemented with the BOPPPS model combined with the flipped classroom approach.The effectiveness of the teaching model was assessed by comparing the performance of the two groups of residents in clinical practice ability simulation assessments,clinical thinking ability,self-directed learning ability,and satisfaction with the teaching methods.Results The observation group scored significantly higher than the control group in patient consultation,clinical thinking assessments,and practical skills assessments,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The observation group outperformed the control group in clinical thinking ability and self-directed learning ability,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The satisfaction of residents in the observation group in terms of enhancing learning interest,strengthening teamwork,and improving doctor-patient communication skills was also higher than that of the control group,with statistically significant difference(all P<0.05).Conclusion The BOPPPS combined with flipped classroom teaching model can effectively enhance the assessment scores of clinical practice skills,the clinical thinking ability and the self-directed learning ability of residents,stimulate their initiative and enthusiasm for learning,and meet teaching needs.

Abstract:Critical care cardiology has evolved over six decades into a distinctive discipline whose advancement fundamentally depends on specialized physician training.As an emerging interdisciplinary field,it demands critical care cardiologists to integrate intensive care management capabilities with cardiology expertise.However,China currently lacks such a standardized specialist training system.The United States has established a comprehensive training framework centered on the Core Cardiovascular Training Statement(COCATS),featuring standardized curricula,diversified teaching methodologies,and systematic evaluation mechanisms,with particular emphasis on medical humanities and team collaboration skills.By comparison,China's current cardiac critical care physician training system exhibits significant regional variations in training standards,lacks qualification certification mechanisms,suffers from faculty shortages,and shows delayed implementation of educational innovations.Through literature analysis and comparative research,this paper systematically examines the differences between Chinese and American cardiac critical care physician training systems.Considering China's healthcare context,we propose the development pathways,including establishing standardized training programs,strengthening faculty development,promoting educational technology innovation,and enhancing international collaboration.These strategies aim to progressively improve China's cardiac critical care specialist training model,thereby to establish the talent foundation necessary for advancing cardiac critical care capabilities.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application effect of physician-nurse collaborative scenario simulation training in improving the comprehensive emergency skills of pediatric residents.Methods A total of 48 residents rotating in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit(PICU)were enrolled as research subjects,with 24 assigned to the observation group and 24 to the control group.The control group adopted the traditional teaching mode,while the observation group participated in physician-nurse collaborative scenario simulation training.Upon completion of the PICU rotation,all residents underwent theoretical examination,skill assessment,and Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise(Mini-CEX)to evaluate their clinical competence.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the post-rotation theoretical examination scores between the two groups(P>0.05).The observation group achieved significantly higher scores in skill assessment and Mini-CEX than the control group(all P<0.05).The observation group had significantly improved physician-nurse communication and teamwork abilities compared with the control group after the collaborative simulation teaching(P<0.05).The questionnaire survey indicated that residents had high satisfaction with the physician-nurse collaborative scenario simulation training in terms of stimulating learning interest,facilitating the establishment of diagnostic thinking,and enhancing teamwork ability.Conclusion Physician-nurse collaborative scenario simulation teaching is beneficial for improving pediatric residents'comprehensive emergency skills,especially their communication and teamwork abilities.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence(AI)technology on clinical education from the perspective of resident physicians,analyze perceptual differences across specialties,and propose optimization pathways for educational strategies.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire survey administered to 378 resident physicians at Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital.Attitudes toward AI's role in enhancing clinical reasoning,practical skills,and research capabilities were assessed via a 5-point Likert scale.K-modes cluster analysis was employed to identify key subgroups.Results A total of 317 valid questionnaires were collected(response rate:83.86%).85.80%of respondents acknowledged the overall positive impact of AI on clinical education.Yet skepticism was expressed about its role in cultivating core competencies:only 48.90%supported its enhancement for clinical reasoning,and 41.96%recognized its improvement for procedural skills.98.11%of residents advocated enhanced AI training,but 66.88%criticized current curricula as insufficient.Significant heterogeneity in AI perceptions was observed across departments:the department of auxillary diagnosis exhibited the highest optimism(76.92%),while emergency medicine department showed notable resistance(9.38%).Conclusion AI reshapes clinical education through efficiency gains,yet its empowerment of core competencies remains contentious,with divergent specialty-specific demands.Future residency training systems should establish a dual-track"technology-humanities"framework,design hierarchical curricula tailored to specialty characteristics,and strengthen human-machine collaborative training to balance efficiency optimization and competency development.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application effect of PDCA cycle method in the standardized training of stomatological general practice residents.Methods The residents who participated in the final examination for the first time in Stomatology Hospital,School of Stomatology,Zhejiang University school of Medicine from 2020 to 2024 were selected as the observation subjects,and the PDCA cycle method was used for management intervention in standardized residency training of our hospital.The root cause analysis method was used to find out the main factors affecting the passing rate of the final examination.At the same time,we formulated stage goals,implemented corresponding improvement measures,check the outcomes,and discussed the management,so as to improve the passing rate of the graduation examination.Results The first-time passing rate of the final examination of residents in our hospital from 2021 to 2024 was significantly higher than that in 2020,and the first-time passing rate of the final examination was higher than the average passing rate of dental general practice in Zhejiang Province.Conclusion The application of PDCA cycle method in the management of standardized residency training in stomatological general practice can effectively improve the quality of training and the passing rate of final examination.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application of the model based on the combination of virtual simulation technology and clinical cases in laboratory medicine residency training of flow cytometry.Methods From 2020 to 2024,twenty-three residents of laboratory medicine were enrolled into the observation group and received the integrated virtual-real teaching model based on the combination of virtual simulation technology and clinical cases.The control group included eighteen residents of laboratory medicine who were trained using the traditional teaching method from 2015 to 2019.At the end of training,theoretical and skills assessments as well as questionnaire survey were performed to observe teaching effectiveness.Results The scores of the observation group in theoretical knowledge,case analysis,and skill assessment were higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05).In observation group,96.65%of the residents were interested in the model.86.96%of the residents believed that the model could improve the operation skills of flow cytometry.96.5%of the residents believed that their abilities in understanding principles,interpretating results and applying flow cytometry in clinical practice benefited from the modal.Conclusion The application of an integrated virtual-real teaching model based on the combination of virtual simulation technology and clinical cases can effectively address the issue of disconnection between theory and practice in traditional teaching,achieving good teaching outcomes and providing new ideas and methods for laboratory medicine residency training.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application effects of the flipped classroom combined with the case-based learning(CBL)teaching mode in the standardized training of thoracic surgery residents.Methods 160 residents receiving standardized training in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were divided into an observation group(flipped classroom combined with CBL)and a control group(traditional lecture-based teaching method),with 80 residents in each group,using the random number table method.The scores of the post-rotation assessment were used as the evaluation indicator,and a questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the satisfaction of the two groups with their respective teaching methods.Results The experimental group achieved higher department rotation assessment scores and satisfaction levels compared with the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion The flipped classroom combined with the CBL teaching mode can enhance residents'understanding of theoretical knowledge,foster their self-directed learning and problem-solving abilities,and improve the quality of standardized training for thoracic surgery residents.