Abstract:Objective To explore the expression,function,and clinical pathological characteristics of hsa_circ_0057552 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods Microarray analysis was used to analyze circRNA in three pairs of esophageal cancer and their paired adjacent tissues.hsa_circ_0057552,which was downregulated the most significantly with a selection criterion of|log2(Fold changes)|≥2.0 and P<0.05,was chosen as the research subject.PCR and Sanger sequencing were applied to identify the circular characteristics.Real-time fluorescence PCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of hsa_circ_0057552 in 44 cases of ESCC tissue and their paired adjacent tissues.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict the microRNA(miR)binding capacity and potential coding ability of hsa_circ_0057552.Results hsa_circ_0057552 is a novel circular RNA,and its expression in the ESCC group was significantly lower than in the adjacent tissues(P<0.05);and its expression level is correlated with overall survival in ESCC.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the area under curve(AUC)was 0.795,with a sensitivity of 80%,and specificity of 61.08%,and the optimal cutoff value was 0.648,indicating statistically significant differences(P<0.05).hsa_circ_0057552 has the potential to translate into peptides and bind to multiple miR molecules.Conclusion hsa_circ_0057552 is associated with the occurrence and development of ESCC,and may affect the progression of ESCC through functions such as miRNA adsorption and protein encoding.It is expected to serve as a new indicator for early screening and prognosis judgment of ESCC.

Abstract:Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract in my country,with low early diagnosis rate and poor prognosis.Radiotherapy plays a key role in the treatment of esophageal cancer,and its combination with other comprehensive treatments is the main treatment method for patients with intermediate and advanced esophageal cancer.Radiotherapy technology has made great progress in the past few decades.The development and application of new radiotherapy equipment has significantly improved the clinical efficacy of esophageal cancer and reduced toxic and side effects,thereby improving survival and ensuring quality of life.Based on the existing evidence,this article reviews the research progress on radiotherapy technology and radiotherapy methods for esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Objective To explore the efficiency and prognostic factors of radiotherapy plus immunotherapy for unresectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods 63 patients with unresectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy from August 2019 to March 2023 were selected,and the treatment effect and prognosis were recorded.The age,sex,ECOG,grade,tumor location,tumor size,AJCC stage,timing of ra-diotherapy,radiotherapy dose,immunotherapy cycle,smoking history,drinking history,baseline NLR,PLR,LMR,FIB,DD,ALB,ALP of the patients were collected to analysis the prognostic factors of radio-therapy and immunotherapy combined with unresectable locally advanced ESCC.Results The ORR of 63 patients was 62%and the DCR was 92%.Univariate analysis showed that age,tumor size,AJCC stage,im-munotherapy cycle,baseline LMR,DD,ALP were related to the efficacy of the unresectable locally advanced ESCC with radiotherapy plus immunotherapy(P＜0.05);Sex,ECOG,grade,tumor location,tim-ing of radiotherapy,radiotherapy dose,smoking history,drinking history,baseline NLR,PLR,FIB,ALB were not related to the efficacy of the unresectable locally advanced ESCC with radiotherapy plus immu-notherapy(P＞0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size,immunotherapy cycle,baseline LMR,and baseline DD were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of unresectable locally advanced ESCC with radiotherapy plus immunotherapy(P﹤0.05).Conclusion Radiotherapy plus immunotherapy is effective in the unresectable locally ad-vanced ESCC.Tumor size＞9.4 cm,immunotherapy cycle≤5,baseline LMR＞2.7,and baseline DD＞106 μg were high-risk factors affecting the prognosis of unresectable locally advanced ESCC with radiotherapy plus immunotherapy.

Abstract:Objective Statistical analysis of the incidence and endoscopic clinical characteristics of Barrett's esophagus and reflux esophagitis in Luoyang area.Methods The clinical data of Barrett's esoph-agus and reflux esophagitis patients were analyzed,who underwent gastroscopy at our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023,including age,gender,endoscopic classification,main symptoms at diagnosis,and Helico-bacter pylori infection.Results The incidence rate of Barrett's esophagus in Luoyang is 1.14%,and the incidence rate of reflux esophagitis is 1.87%.There are differences in gender ratio and age distribution(≥50 years old)between Barrett's esophagus and reflux esophagitis.The majority of Barrett's esophagus patients are short segment Barrett's esophagus,and the most common morphological classification is mixed type.Conclusion Understanding the incidence and endoscopic clinical characteristics of Barrett's esophagus and reflux esophagitis in Luoyang area can provide reference for outpatient gastroscopy and diagnosis and treatment of digestive tract diseases.

Abstract:Objective To systematically analyze the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of esophageal cancer.The progress of its clinical and experimental research is summarized.Methods It summarizes the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in traditional Chinese medicine,and reviews the history and modern research of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of esophageal cancer through literature review.Results Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of esophageal cancer has specific advantages such as enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity and improving quality of life,especially in improving symptoms and survival.Conclusion TCM has potential in the comprehensive treatment of esophageal cancer,but its mechanism of action and optimal application plan still need further research.

Abstract:More than half of the world's esophageal cancer patients are in China,systematic specialized diagnosis and active rehabilitation treatment play a significant role in improving clinical efficacy and quality of life.This article reviewed literature on rehabilitation treatment for esophageal cancer patients published by do-mestic and foreign scholars from January 2021 to December 2023.It summarized various rehabilitation treat-ment methods and evaluation techniques for esophageal cancer patients with disability,perioperative interven-tions under the concept of pre-rehabilitation,overall evaluation and education before discharge,and full cycle intervention strategies and implementation approaches.At the same time,the diversified reinforcement and triple linkage model have gradually transformed the rehabilitation intervention for esophageal cancer patients from a single functional issue to activity level and social participation level,providing reliable rehabilitation intervention basis for the patients with esophageal cancer and benefiting more patients.

Abstract:Objective To determine the effect of integrated medical care intervention in the perioperative period of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)in patients with early esophageal cancer.Methods Two-hundred patients with early-stage esophageal cancer admitted to our hospital for ESD treatment from April 2020 to April 2024 were selected and divided randomly into control group and observation group,and received routine care and integrated medical care,respectively.The postoperative recovery,emotional changes and nursing satisfaction changes of 2 groups were observed and compared.Results The postoperative recovery time,time to get out of bed and hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group,and the incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower(P<0.05);the scores of disease indeterminity,anxiety and depression in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The process of ESD treatment for patients with earl-ystage esophageal cancer,the integrated nursing intervention of medical care in the perioperative period can help speed up the postoperative rehabilitation process of patients,and regulate and control the emotional pressure of patients,which is helpful to improve the quality of clinical care.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with serum miR-22 expres-sion in preoperative TNM staging of esophageal cancer(EC).Methods The clinical data of 164 patients with EC who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2023 were retro-spectively analyzed.All patients underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT examination and serum miR-22 expression detection,and the postoperative pathological examination was confirmed to be EC and the TNM staging was clarified.18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters[maximum standardized uptake value(SUV-max),metabolic tumor volume(MTV)and total lesion glycolysis(TLG)]and serum miR-22 expression in each stage were compared.Using pathological results as the"gold standard",the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters combined with serum miR-22 expression for preoperative TNM staging of EC was analyzed.Results The SUVmax of T3 and T4 stage EC patients was higher than that of T1 stage EC patients(P＜0.05),while the SUVmax of T4 stage EC patients was higher than that of T2 stage EC patients(P＜0.05).The TLG of T3 and T4 stage EC patients was higher than that of T1 and T2 stage EC patients(P＜0.05),while the TLG of T4 stageEC patients was higher than that of T3 stage EC pa-tients(P＜0.05).The SUVmax of N1-3 stage EC patients was greater than that of N0 stage EC patients(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the expression of serum miR-22 among patients with different T,N and M stages EC(P＜0.05),and the expression of miR-22 in serum of patients with T1,T2,T3 and T4 stages of EC decreased sequentially(P＜0.05).The accuracy of combining 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters with serum miR-22 expression in evaluating T1,T2,T3,N and M staging of EC were higher than those of single evaluation(P＜0.05),while the accuracy of evaluating T4 staging of EC was higher than that of 18F-FDG PET/CT met-abolic parameters evaluated separately(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are differences in 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and serum miR-22 expression in EC patients with different TNM stages,and the e-valuation value of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters combined with serum miR-22 expression for pre-operative TNM staging of EC is higher than that of the two alone.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of eating plastic food in patients after esophageal cancer(EC)surgery.Methods 120 patients with EC who were admitted to our hospital from November 2019 to May 2020 were selected and divided randomly into the observation group and the control group,with 60 cases in each.The control group patients received routine diet education,multi-mode guidance,education,and continuous nursing.The observation group patients were guided to eat plastic food early postoperatively on the basis of the control group.The anastomotic stenosis rate,nutritional status,and quality of life of the two groups were observed one month after surgery.The nutritional status of patients was observed by biochemical indica-tors and PG-SGA,and the quality of life was observed by QLQ-C30.Results The incidence of anastomotic stenosis in the observation group(3.33%)was lower than that in the control group(16.67%),P＜0.05;the BMI(23.65±2.32),serum albumin(63.71±5.85),and hemoglobin(125.43±10.35)levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(22.11±2.53),(60.11±7.79),and(113.11±15.01),P＜0.05.The average PG-SGA score of the observation group(4.68±1.43)was lower than that of the control group(6.71±2.39),P＜0.05.The average scores of postoperative fatigue,loss of appe-tite,constipation,and diarrhea in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,P＜0.05.Conclusion Early postoperative eating of plastic food has a significant effect on the prevention of anastomotic stenosis in patients with EC,which can effectively improve the postoperative nutritional status,life quality and the clinical tolerance of patients.

Abstract:Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in the world,and surgical treatment is one of the main radical methods.However,it can easily lead to reflux esophagitis(RE).Treating and im-proving the symptoms of RE patients after esophageal cancer surgery is crucial in the treatment of digestive system diseases.Proton pump inhibitors are currently the most effective medication for the treatment of RE;but they have some drawbacks,including a long duration of use and a relatively easy relapse after withdrawal from the drug.Based on drug therapy,repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation was developed to treat a pa-tient with reflux esophagitis after esophageal cancer surgery,showed good results.

Abstract:Objective To explore the intervention effect of home nutrition management program construc-ted under the multidisciplinary cooperation mode on postoperative patients with esophageal cancer.Methods 90 cases of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer in our hospital from December 2020 to June 2022 were selected and divided randomly into the control group(44 cases)and the observation group(46 cases).The control group received routine dietary intervention after discharge,and the observation group implemented a multidisciplinary home nutrition management program.The changes of nutritional risk screening scale(NRS-2002),nutritional indicators(Hb,ALB,PA,TFN)and diet related compliance were compared between the two groups at discharge and 1 month after intervention.Results At discharge,there was no significant difference in NRS-2002 scores,Hb,ALB,PA and TFN levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).After the intervention,the NRS-2002 scores of the two groups were lower than those at dis-charge,and the levels of Hb,ALB,PA and TFN were higher than those at discharge(P＜0.05).The NRS-2002 score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group after 2 weeks and 1 month of in-tervention(P＜0.05);The levels of Hb,ALB,PA and TFN in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after one month of intervention(P＜0.05).The diet related compliance rate of the observation group(93.48%)was higher than that of the control group(77.27%)(P＜0.05).Conclusion The home nutrition management program constructed by multidisciplinary cooperation can improve the nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer after operation,reduce the risk of home nutrition,and have good intervention effects and high patient compliance,which is worthy of clinical applica-tion and promotion.

Abstract:Chimeric antigen receptor T cells(CAR-T)therapy has shown good therapeutic effects in he-matological malignancies.At the same time,CAR-T cells for solid tumors also show great potential.Esophageal cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate in China.Traditional surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy have varying degrees of shortcomings.It is an urgent need for new treatment methods to make up for the short-comings of current treatment.In this review,the problems and coping strategies of CAR-T theranostics in the treatment of esophageal cancer are discussed,to provide reference for the basic and clinical research of esoph-ageal cancer.

Abstract:Among the array of medical biomaterials,hydrogels emerge as particularly noteworthy.Consti-tuting three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers,they are typically chemically or physically cross-linked and exhibit biocompatibility.With their elevated water content and resemblance to native human tissues in chemical composition and mechanical attributes,hydrogels can emulate the extracellular matrix,preserving the biological vitality of encapsulated cells.This capability enables the establishment of conducive microenvi-ronments for the in vitro three-dimensional culture of cancer cells and the fabrication of tumor mimetic con-structs.Moreover,hydrogels afford the simultaneous delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.Integrated with microfluidic control,hydrogels can be precisely manipulated and dispersed,yielding uniform functional particles of varied morphologies and continuous single-phase or multiphase layered fibers.For the fabrication of intricate geometries,3D bioprinting has emerged as a versatile and dependable tool.Leveraging microfluidic 3D printing,scaffolds with diverse structures can be manu-factured,facilitating mechanical support and physical restoration post-tumor tissue resection while fostering the regeneration and functional reconstruction of healthy tissues.This manuscript begins with a discussion on the properties of hydrogels,followed by an exploration of the preparation,underlying principles,and associated at-tributes of microfluidic hydrogels.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the application of microfluidic hydrogels in encapsulating cancer cells and delivering chemothera-py drugs.Ultimately,the tissue engineering implications and future prospects of microfluidic hydrogels in the context of tumor therapy are comprehensively reviewed.

Abstract:Objective To explore the factors affecting the prognosis of esophagealcancer,establish a prognostic index equation model,and provide a scientific basis for the prognosis judgment of esophageal cancer.Methods A total of 20,419 esophagealcancer patients were selected from the SEER database as research subjects.The independent influencing factors of patient prognosis were analyzed using the Cox regression model,and a prognostic index equation model for esophagealcancer patients was established.The optimal cutoff value was determined based on the prognostic index,and risk stratification was performed.The survival outcomes of high-risk and low-risk groups were compared to assess the predictive efficacy of the model.Results This study included 20,419 esophagealcancer patients.Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age,gender,race,primary tumor site,histological type,grade,stage,T stage,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy were significantly associated with the prognosis of esophageal-cancer.Multivariate analysis indicated that age,gender,primary tumor site,histological type,grade,stage,T stage,distant metastasis,surgery,and chemotherapy were indepen-dent influencing factors of esophageal cancer prognosis.PI=0.097×age-0.119×gender+0.073×primary tumor site+0.094×histological type-0.189×grade+0.355×stage+0.1×T stage+0.264×distant metastasis-1.122×surgery-0.864×chemotherapy,with an optimal cutoff value of 1.The median survival time for the high-risk group was 2 months,while for the low-risk group it was 18 months,and the survival rate difference between the two groups was statistically significant.Conclusion Age,gender,primary tumor site,histological type,grade,stage,T stage,distant metastasis,surgery,and chemotherapy are independent factors affecting the prognosis of esophageal cancer.The prognostic index calculated based on the prognostic index equation model can better reflect the prognosis of esophageal cancer and provide a reference for individualized treatment and prognosis assessment in clinical practice.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the research status and trend of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in reflux esophagitis.Methods A search was conducted on the CNKI database using the keyword"reflux esophagitis"from 1979 to June 2024,and a total of 7 452 articles were obtained.The Citespace software was used to generate visual graphs of authors,institutions,keywords,etc.Results After screening and dedu-plication,a total of 1 639 articles were included,and the number of publications reached its peak in 2010.The results of author clustering analysis and visualization chart of publishing institutions show that the sharing between authors and institutions is not closely related.Keyword visualization analysis suggests that research mainly focuses on three aspects:first,the efficacy observation of TCM in treating reflux esophagitis,Second-ly,research on treatment plans such as the experience of renowned doctors,integration of TCM and Western medicine,and data mining,third,the study of the mechanism of action of TCM treatment.Conclusion Data mining of traditional Chinese medicine treatment plans to generate new targeted treatment formulas is a future research hotspot and trend.

Abstract:Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system in China,with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma being the most prevalent pathological type.Early esophageal cancer refers to tumors occurring in the mucosal layer of the esophagus without invading the submucosal tissue.Generally,early esophageal cancer is categorized into two subtypes:mucosal cancer and submucosal cancer.Due to the subtle symptoms of early esophageal cancer,diagnosis and staging often rely on methods such as endoscopy,tissue biopsy,and imaging in clinical practice.Early detection and treatment of early esophageal cancer are crucial for the prognosis of patients.This article reviews the latest developments in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of early esophageal cancer in 2023,focusing on summarizing and interpreting advancements in this field.

Abstract:Esophageal carcinoma is a typical malignant tumor.Its treatment usually includes surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy.In recent years,many innovative methods have emerged in the field of radio-therapy,which can enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation through drugs or other methods,while reducing the damage to the surrounding normal tissues,so as to improve the effect of radiotherapy for esopha-geal carcinoma.As a new drug delivery platform,nano-drug delivery system has the characteristics of size effect and high specific surface area,especially can achieve targeted drug release in vivo.Nano-drug delivery system shows great potential in enhancing the sensitivity of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer by changing the drug distribution in vivo,reducing toxicity and increasing orientation.This paper reviews the research progress of nano-drug delivery system in radiosensitization of esophageal carcinoma.The potential and advan-tages of the combination of radiosensitization and other therapeutic methods are discussed from several key as-pects of the current research on nano-drug delivery system.

Abstract:Objective To understand the needs of patients with advanced esophageal cancer for palliative care,provide a reference for the construction of palliative care programs for them.Methods 13 patients with advanced esophageal cancer were interviewed using the grounded theory method in qualitative research,and the content of the interview data was collated,analyzed,and the themes were refined.Results 4 themes and 10 sub-themes were extracted,namely,physical needs(fear and helplessness about eating,the desire and compromise to maintain one′s own image),psychological needs(alleviation of negative emotions and emotional support),social needs(medical information support,social activity support),and spiritual needs(expression of love,self-fulfillment of self-worth,life and death education).Conclusion Patients with advanced esophageal cancer have diverse needs,and medical staff should set up a multidisciplinary palliative care team to alleviate the physical and mental symptoms of patients and meet their physical,psychological,social and spiritual needs,so as to achieve all-round care for patients'physical,mental,social and spiritual aspects.

Abstract:Surgical resection is currently the preferred method for treating locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer.However,the high recurrence rate associated with surgery alone poses a significant threat to the long-term survival of patients,making a multimodal treatment strategy centered around surgery the preferred choice for esophageal cancer treatment.within this comprehensive treatment framework,neoadjuvant immunotherapy has shown significant advantages in improving patient survival rates compared to traditional neoadjuvant therapies,without a significant increase in the risk of adverse reactions.These advantages suggest that neoadjuvant immunotherapy has great potential for application in the treatment of esophageal cancer.This article aims to provide a systematic review of the current application of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the clinical treatment of esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT)combined with 5-fluorouracil and platinum-based chemotherapy on local recurrence occurring after radical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and its impact on patient survival.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on 51 patients with locally recurrent tumors within 2-25 months after radical resection of ESCC treated with 3D-CRT(60 Gy,30 sessions)combined with 5-fluorouracil and platinum based chemotherapy.Progression free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),incidence of adverse events were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results The overall treatment remission rate was 74.51%(38/51),the complete response(CR)rate was 49.02%,the median PFS was 8.2 months.The median OS was 23.1 months and the 3 year median OS was 40.71%.The PFS in patients achieving CR was higher than that in non-CR patients,15.86%>4.73%;the 3 year PFS rate was 49.01%,higher than 4.23%in non-CR patients(P<0.05).The duration of the disease in patients with CR was longer than that in non-CR patients,with a 3 yearOS rate of 62.54%in CR patients,which is higher than the 20.36%in non CR patients(P<0.05).Grade 4 leukopenia,neutropenia,and thrombocytopenia were seen in 2 cases each(3.92%),grade 3 fatigue in 9 cases(17.65%),grade 3 leukopenia in 8 cases(15.69%),grade 3 neutropenia in 7 cases(13.73%),grade 3 anemia and nausea both in 4 cases(7.84%),grade 3 hyponatremia in 2 cases(3.92%),grade 3 thrombocytopenia,febrile neutropenia,hyperglycemia and pneumonia were present in 1 case(1.96%).In the results of univariate analysis,ECOG PS stage 0 and longest diameter of recurrent tumor<25 mm were significantly associated with OS(P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that the longest metastatic lymph node diameter<25 mm was an independent prognostic factor for OS.Conclusion The salvage treatment for local recurrence after ESCC radical surgery with 3D-CRT combined with 5-fluorouracil and platinum-based chemotherapy is effective and safe,and about 40%of patients could achieve long-term survival.