Abstract:Year 2022 is a key for the full development of rural revitalization.Trying our best in agricul-tural and rural works is special and important.The development of leisure fisheries should aid to imple-menting the national rural revitalization strategy.In this study,we reviewed the developmental process,current situation and existing problems of leisure fishery,and put forward corresponding sug-gestions.The developmental process of leisure fishery in China can be roughly divided into three sta-ges,the embryonic developmental stage from 1985 to 2002,the rapid developmental stage from 2003 to 2015 and the standardized developmental stage since 2016.The contribution of China's leisure fishery to the fishery economy is steadily increasing;however,such contribution is relatively limited.The overall developmental level is not high,and the regional difference is significant.Biological resource and socio-economic systems are found to be the basic obstacles affecting the development of leisure fishery in Chi-na while the management and consumer systems are the main obstacles restricting further improve-ment.In order to promote the high-quality development of leisure fishery,suggestions are put for-ward,which include all-round,green and scientific developments,three aspects in total.To realize the all-round development of leisure fishery,the national development plan of leisure fishery should be for-mulated,the personnel management should be strengthened and the quality of practitioners should be improved.Simultaneously,the policy supervision and incentive mechanism of leisure fishery should be established.To realize the green development of leisure fishery,the leisure fishery industry standards and regulations should be formulated,the leisure fishery monitoring system and establish database should be improved,and improve the fishery resource evaluation and protection should be carried out.To realize the scientific development of leisure fishery,the discipline construction and academic re-search of leisure fishery and strengthen the popularization and application of science and technology should be strengthened.In future,the development of China's recreational fishery may face both the policy and market driving forces brought about by the full implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the great opportunity of cracking the problem of the transformation of the industry in the ten years of the Yangtze River.It may also face the challenge of the steady development of the leisure fishery industry and the adjustment of industrial structure under the impact of COVID-19.

Abstract:By investigating the red tide of Phaeocystis globosa in the near coast of Rizhao City in Decem-ber,2021,the process of occurrence and disappearance of red tide of P.globosa was analyzed,and the characteristics of changes in major marine environmental factors before and after the occurrence of the red tide were discussed.Our analysis showed that the abundance of P.globosa glial vesicle at the early stage of the red tide each station varied between 20 and 60 pieces/L,and the cell abundance between 1.23×107 and 1.8× 108 cells/L.The red tide outbreak was related to abnormal weather conditions,special geographical locations,high concentrations of inorganic-N in marine areas and sudden increase labile phosphate.Chlorophyll a and silicate were positively correlated with the abundance of P.globosa cell.The red tide of P.globosa began to erupt at the water temperature 13 ℃,and the sudden temper-ature decrease was the main reason for the disappearance of the red tide.Our findings provided a refer-ence to the red tide of P.globosa for early warning.

Abstract:The dynamic changes caused by climate change and anthropogenic activities have induced a variety of groundwater environmental problems,as well as a series of environmental and geological haz-ards in the coastal zone.Meanwhile,the seawater intrusion and the accompanying process of soil salin-ization are of great concerns.Clarifying the water and salt transportation pattern during the occurrence of seawater intrusion-soil salinization disaster chain is crucial for the prevention and control of this envi-ronmental geohazard.In this study,we simulated the seawater intrusion process on the silty coasts and characterized the water-salt transportation law during the disaster chain with the high-density resistivity method.The results showed that the invasion speed,distance and area increased with the increase of hydraulic gradient.When the depth of groundwater is shallow,the saltwater intrusion has an obvious exacerbating effect on the accumulation of salts in the overlying soil,resulting in a salt peak in the soil profile.The salt peak moves upwards under the capillary action,easily leading to soil salinization.In the process of freshwater replacement of salt water,freshwater firstly replaces the saline water in the upper soil layer of the sediment layer,resulting in salt peak,which then moves downwards and gradu-ally disappears.In summary,water storage should be enhanced to increase the infiltration of surface water during the wet season,and water exploration should be slowed down to reduce the groundwater gradient during the dry season in order to prevent the occurrence of the saltwater intrusion-soil saliniza-tion disaster chain.

Abstract:Industry chain coordination is an urgent problem to be solved in aquaculture industry,and ef-fective coordinated operation is the inevitable choice and direction of aquaculture industry development.Through literature review and theoretical analysis,the influencing factors of aquatic product industry chain coordination of China were summarized from the perspectives of industry chain structure,rela-tionship,governance and culture.Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify 17 main factors of a-quatic product industry chain synergy.The first order single factor model,the first order four-factor uncorrelated model,the first order four-factor fully correlated model and the second order four-factor model were established for confirmatory factor analysis.The empirical results showed that the second-order four-factor model has a good degree of model fit,which verified the rationality of the collaborative structure of the aquatic product industry chain of China,which included four dimensions,industry chain structure,industry chain relationship,industry chain governance and industry chain culture.The developed scale can provide a reference and operational tools for the research and practice of aquatic product industry chain.

Abstract:Ecosystem-based management emphasizes the balance between protection and utilization,and emphasizes adaptive management and ecological priority,which has guiding significance for coastal zone planning under the territorial spatial planning system.This paper analyzed the relationship between e-cosystem-based management and coastal zone planning,and believed that ecosystem-based management could guide coastal zone planning,and the coastal zone planning could enrich the practice of ecosystem-based management.This paper proposed an ecosystem-based coastal zone planning framework,inclu-ding the determination of management objectives,demarcation of management areas,formulation of management measures,implementation of monitoring and evaluation,and designed an ecosystem-based coastal zone planning path accordingly,in order to provide decision-making support for ecosystem-based coastal zone planning.

Abstract:As one of the important economic cephalopods in Zhejiang coastal waters,Sepiella maindro-ni plays an important role in ecosystem.Its hard tissue,beak,can be used as an important material for the studies of fishery ecology.Morphological and growing characteristics of 494 pairs of beaks of S.maindroni were studied.The principal component analysis showed that the upper hood length(UHL),the upper crest length(UCL),the lower crest length(LCL)and the lower wall length(LLWL)can be selected as an analysis parameters of external morphological characteristics of beak.Covariance analysis(ANCOVA)showed that there is significant difference among all external morphological parameters and between sexes(P＜0.01).Akaike's information criterion confirmed that the power function is the best for describing the relationship between mantle length(ML)and UCL,ML and LLWL of males and females,and that of ML and UHL of females.The relationship between LCL and ML of females was optimally described by the exponential function while that between UHL and UCL of males was best fitted with ML by logarithm function.The absolute growth and the relative growth rates of beaks decreased when the daily age of S.maindroni increased with their minimum value appeared at 86 to 95 daily age.The determination of external morphological analysis parameters of beaks and its relationship with ML can be used to identify the populations of S.maindroni.In addition,the growth characteris-tics of beaks can provide a scientific basis for the studies of feeding ecology in large-scale cultivation of S.maindroni.

Abstract:Chlorophyll a(Chl-a)and primary productivity were measured during four expeditions to Miaodao Archipelago in August and October,2018,April and June,2019,to characterize their tempo-ral and spatial distribution,and analyze the correlation among Chl-a,primary productivity and main environmental factors.The results showed that the concentration of Chl-a is generally higher in south than in north,and change seasonally.The highest value appeared in June while the higher appeared in August followed that in October and the lowest appeared in April with the average of 4.19±0.75 μg·L-1,0.79±0.41 μg·L-1,0.75±0.37 μg·L-1 and 0.27±0.07 μg·L-1,respectively.High value of pri-mary productivity mainly occurred in the northeastern part of the surveyed area,which varied seasonal-ly.The primary productivity in June was the highest,with an average of 801.86±627.97 mgC·m-2·d-1,followed by 204.84±118.76 mgC·m-2·d-1 in August,102.19±77.41 mgC·m-2·d-1 in October and 32.07±13.25 mgC·m-2·d-1 in April.Correlation analysis among chlorophyll a,primary pro-ductivity and main environmental factors showed that nutrient is the important factor affecting the dis-tribution of chlorophyll a around Miaodao Archipelago,and the distribution of primary productivity is closely related to dissolved inorganic nitrogen.

Abstract:Under the background of increasing attention to marine ecological environmental protection,ecological revetment has become the development trend of current revetment design.Selecting a suit-able type of ecological revetment to repair and renovate the damaged shoreline can reduce the adverse impact of the project implementation on the ecological environment of the coastal waters,and it is also conducive to the protection of biodiversity in addition to the function of preventing tides and waves.The shoreline renovation and restoration project from the Weihe river estuary to the Jiaolai river estuary in Changyi city selected the type of fence panels revetment to repair the damaged seawall.It was shown that the ecological revetment type had limited impact on the surrounding marine ecological environ-ment,and it was feasible to use this restoration type to remediate and restore near the coastline.

Abstract:The long-term trends of sea surface chlorophyll and sea surface temperature of northwest Pa-cific were analyzed.The time distribution of chlorophyll was divided into bloom outbreaking and non-outbreaking times with the defined threshold method.It was found that the annual algal bloom days have a short oscillation due to the periodic sea surface temperature change(ENSO),and a downward trend of 2.80 D/y.The observation sea areas included three sites on the longitude section near the Hokkaido fishing ground.The trend analysis showed that the outbreaking time of algal blooms in spring comes first each year,with an average advancing time of 0.6 days/year,and the algal bloom in northwest Pacific may come earlier and sustain shorter in future.When studying the impact of climate change on phytoplankton in northwest Pacific,we should consider the factors of periodic fluctuations of sea surface temperature and changes of phytoplankton phenology.

Abstract:In the perspective of the"profound change unseen in a century",frequent and cutting-edge is-sues in ocean governance,serious ideological divisions and challenges to governance regulations have been emerging.Global ocean governance is facing numerous contradictions including the mismatch be-tween the supply and demand of public goods,the ideological conflict between neoliberal institutional-ism and populism and the misalignment of the rights,responsibilities and capabilities of governance ac-tors.As a specific form of global ocean governance,the South China Sea(SCS)governance is facing se-vere challenges including legal and institutional deficiencies and geopolitical issues.The COVID-19 pan-demic,populism threatening to cooperative governance and intensification of geopolitical competition hindering governance development have put additional pressures on the human-ocean relationship,fur-ther exacerbating the contradictions in SCS governance.In the new era,China should fully leverage the enhanced discourse power brought about by the peaceful rise of China,improve the efficiency of govern-ance product provision through the advancement of island and reef functional construction,deepen the construction of governance regulatory systems to safeguard maritime order,and cooperate with ASEAN to develop the blue economy,so that a community of ASC can share the future of the South China Sea,and jointly address the coming challenges.

Abstract:Heterocapsa bohaiensis perform a significant toxic effect on Brachionus plicatilis;however,the toxins of H.bohaiensis are not known yet.In addition,whether the algal toxins are stable or not during extraction,separation and identification is crucial.To explore the extraction condition of the toxins of H.bohaiensis,the toxicity of its crude extracts on B.plicatilis was evaluated for a set of ex-traction and preservation conditions in this study.The results indicated that H.bohaiensis toxins are intracellular;a similar rotifer mortality is found in algal cells and ruptured cell suspension but not in cell-free filtrates.Temperature impacted on the algal toxin.It was found that the toxins are most sta-ble at 25℃.Light condition was not concerned with the toxicity of H.bohaiensis.Acetonitrile crude extract from ruptured cell suspension showed the heaviest toxic effect.The maximum absorption wave-length of acetonitrile extraction was 442 nm which is usable in detection during toxin separation.The extraction and preservation conditions of H.bohaiensis toxins were figured out in this study,which will contribute to isolating and structurally identifying the toxins in further.

Abstract:As the important hard tissues of cephalopods,the beak has the characteristics of stable struc-ture and corrosion resistance,and stores a wealth of growth information.In northwest Pacific,Watase-nia scintillans is not only important in terms of commercial value,but also the food of marine mam-mals and fishes.The studies on the characteristic parameters such as the morphology and pigmentation area of beak should aid to the further studies of growth rhythm and feeding behavior transformation.In this study,156 species of W.scintillans collected in northwest Pacific in July,2021,were selected as experimental samples.Morphological length,pigment deposition area and individual mantle length were measured,and the phenotypic change was studied.The results showed that the external morpho-logical data and the proportion of pigmentation of beak increased with the increase of mantle length.Morphological parameters increased significantly when the mantle length was 22,27 mm,especially the upper hood length,upper crest length,upper lateral wall length and lower lateral wall length.The pro-portion of pigmentation of upper and lower beak saltated in 26 mm.The phenotypic change of beak be-tween three mantle length groups showed a significant difference(P＜0.05).

Abstract:Apostichopus japonicus Selenka is a commercial species in China.During its larval develop-ment,it experiences body color change stage important for its development.Current studied centralized on the mechanism underlining white and purple body color of A.japonicus while that underlining the common green color was scarce.The transcriptomes at early(JW),mid-(JV),and late-(JB)pigmen-tation stages were sequenced and compared to find the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).A total of 252,397 genes were obtained by sequencing.The number of DEGs(JW vs.JV)was 10,266 while that of DEGs(JW vs.JB)was 12,811 and that of DEGs(JV vs.JW)was 9,657.GO and KEGG ana-lyses showed that the genes such as those encoding calmodulin,protein kinase C,putative tyrosine ki-nase receptor Cad96Ca,and putative tyrosine kinase differentially expressed during the change of body color of juvenile A.japonicus.It was speculated that Ras,Wnt,MAPK signaling pathways among others are involved in the melanin synthesis of juvenile A.japonicus.Our findings provided valuable information for in depth studies on the molecular mechanism of the pigmentation of A.japonicus with different body colors.

Abstract:When the receiver is stationary and the sound source is moving uniformly along a straight line at the same depth,the phase of the received sound pressure signal in the frequency domain changes nonlinearly with time,and the phase linearization can be realized by using warping transform.Firstly,the Warping operator under different motion parameters was constructed,and then the operator was used to resampling the received sound pressure in the frequency domain.Finally,the corresponding wave number spectrum was obtained by Fourier transform of the resampling sound pressure.There-fore,the maximum spectral energy of wave number in a specific interval could be used to estimate the velocity of sound source.In addition,under the condition of low SNR,a speed-wave number spectral energy graph was proposed to estimate the velocity of sound source.Experimental and simulation data verify the effectiveness of the above methods.

Abstract:Aquaculture wastewater is produced during the aquaculture process of maricultured animals,which may lead to eutrophication and pollution of seawater environment when discharged directly.Macroalgae,as the primary producers in marine ecosystem,can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus and reduce the eutrophication of seawater effectively.In this study,two economic macroalgae,Ulva lactuca and Eucheuma denticulatum,were choosed to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater.Orthogonal experiment was performed to explore the effect of four factors,combination of macroalgae,ratio of nitrogen phosphorus,type of nitrogen source and concentration of inorganic nitrogen.The optimal combination scheme for the treatment of aquacul-ture tail water was obtained and applied to the treatment of aquaculture tail water,and a certain economic sea-weed yield was obtained at the same time.The best combination of different nutrients was obtained by orthogo-nal experiment.For the absorption of NH3-N,the best combination was U.lactuca and E.denticulatum(layered)+ratio of nitrogen phosphorus 6∶1+NH3-N+concentration of inorganic nitrogen 200 μmol/L.For the absorption of NO3-N,the best combination was U.lactuca+ratio of nitrogen phosphorus 12∶1+NO3-N+concentration of inorganic nitrogen 150 μmol/L.For the PO4-P absorption rate index,the best com-bination is E.denticulatum+ratio of nitrogen phosphorus 3∶1+NH3-N∶NO3-N 1∶1+concentration of inorganic nitrogen 200 μmol/L.During absorbing N and P,the two economic seaweeds also maintained a high daily growth rate with U.lactuca up to 24.46±0.53％/d and E.denticulatum up to 8.11±0.15％/d.The optimal scheme was selected to treat the aquaculture wastewater produced in mariculture farm.According to the discharge requirement of aquaculture tailwater of Hainan Province,China(local standards DB46/T 475-2019),the first-level discharge standard of inorganic nitrogen should be less than 35.7 μmol/L,the secondary discharge standard of active phosphate should be less than 3.12 μmol/L.It was found that the inorganic nitro-gen concentration and PO4-P concentration can be reduced to below the provincial emission standard within 9 days by the selected two optimal combinations.Similar results can also be obtained after reducing the density of macroalgae from 1.0 g/L to 0.7 g/L.In this study,we established an efficient and ecological treatment for aq-uaculture wastewater with different types of nutrients and also proposed a new model for large-scale,high den-sity and mixed cultivation of U.lactuca and E.denticulatum.

Abstract:The study adopts the bibliometric methodology to investigate the scientific and technological literatures produced by six marine-related universities with the title"ocean university"(i.e.,Guangdong Ocean University,Ocean University of China,Dalian Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University,Zhejiang Ocean University and Jiangsu Ocean University),and conducts an in-depth and systematic a-nalysis from six dimensions,namely,literatures publication time,collaborative country/region,collab-orative research institutes,discipline(research direction),major journals,and highly cited literatures.The study found that the basic scientific research implemented by China's marine universities is becom-ing increasingly active,and the Ocean University of China plays a leading role in terms of the number and quality of published papers.The frequency of collaboration between China's marine universities and foreign institutions was low,and the Chinese Academy of Sciences was the preferred institution for China's marine universities when implementing domestic collaboration.Disciplinary research imple-mented by each marine university was widely distributed.Except for Jiangsu Ocean University,the discipline development in other marine universities was relatively balanced,and their scientific and tech-nological papers were largely published in journals of JCR Quarter Ⅰ.This study contributes to compre-hensively grasping the basic scientific research status of China's marine universities,and to objective e-valuation of their critical role in the context of today's building an ocean power,therefor having great theoretical value and practical implication.

Abstract:Under the background of the goal of"emission peak and carbon neutrality"and power short-age,new energy is a significant problem for China's sustained development.As an inevitable choice,nuclear power plants(NPPs)have ushered in a period of rapid development.However,the operation of NPPs requires large amounts of water resources as cooling water and produces continuous thermal pol-lution,impingement and entrainment effect simultaneously,which may produce significant impacts on the receiving water body.Therefore,it is extremely necessary to understand the negative effects of the NPPs construction on aquatic ecosystem.Previous studies proved that the water intake and drainage of circulating cooling water affected the ecological environment balance of the adjacent sea area,emerged some ecological problems such as ecological disasters,and caused the evolution of the regional ecologi-cal environment.It is not easy to describe the long-term ecological impacts of the construction and op-eration period of the NPPs on the coastal areas.Specifically,this review comprehensively elaborated on how circulating cooling water and thermal discharge affects the marine ecological environment,aiming to provide substantial scientific support for the ecological and safe use of coastal nuclear power,long-term reliable utilization of nuclear power,and the monitoring and protection of the marine ecological environment in China.

Abstract:The sediment is an important reservoir of persistent organic pollutants(POPs).The POPs flux at the sediment-water interface not only affects the pollution status of the ocean,but also have an impact on the vertical distribution of POPs in the sediments.In this study,a vertical one-dimensional transport model of POPs in sediments was constructed,including deposition,diffusion and sorption-de-sorption processes.The research object is phenanthrene.The response of the vertical distribution of phenanthrene concentration in sediments to the fluxes of sediment-water interface were simulated.On this basis,the historical long-term flux of phenanthrene at the sediment-water interface was inverted by using the observed data of the vertical distribution of phenanthrene concentration in sediment in the Bo-hai Sea.The response of the concentration profile of phenanthrene in sediments to a specific input flux showed that the variation trend of phenanthrene in sediments was consistent with that of the input flux.The concentration profile of phenanthrene in sediments could reflect the characteristics of the input flux with time.The results of the inversion of the historical long-term flux of phenanthrene showed that the flux peak appeared around 1940 and 1950,and the flux peak ranges were 0.042～0.049 ng·m-2·s-1 and 0.026～0.031 ng·m-2·s-1,respectively.

Abstract:Temperature is one of the important environmental factors affecting the physiological function of organisms.With the intensification of global warming,heat stress induced by high temperature has become another emerging topic at home and abroad in recent years.The shrimp aquaculture industry plays an important role in the aquaculture industry of China.Its output has ranked the world first for 23 years.Shrimp prefers to grow at high temperature but the high water temperature causes heat stress,influencing negatively its growth and development,reproduction,physiological metabolism a-mong others,and seriously threating shrimp aquaculture industry.Therefore,it is of a great signifi-cance to study the effect of heat stress on shrimp.In this review,the adaptation strategies of main cul-tured shrimp species to heat stress in China,as well as the effects of heat stress on shrimp survival,body oxidation level and intestinal flora were investigated.The response mechanisms of energy metabo-lism,heat shock response and unfolded protein response were analyzed to provide a reference for the healthy breeding of shrimp and the development of new breeding models.

Abstract:Coilia nasus is a typical anadromous migratory fish species.During offshore fattening,it is often infected by feeding on fish and shrimp parasitic with Anisakidae nematodes.The liver of C.nasus captured in Yangtze River is one of the most important attachment tissues of Anisakidae nematodes which cause visible damage to the liver of C.nasus.To screen the changes of immune proteins in the liver tissue of C.nasus caused by Anisakidae nematode infection.iTRAQ technology was used to char-acterize the changes of liver proteins of C.nasus caused by Anisakidae nematode infection,and explore the expression of immune pathway in C.nasus.Through the differential analysis of protein synthesis,a total of 339 differentially synthesized proteins were identified,of them 193 were up-regulated and 146 were down regulated.There were 37 differentially synthesized proteins relating to immunity,of them 9 were up-regulated and 28 were down regulated.GO and pathway enrichment analyses showed 10 im-mune related pathways which include phagosome,lysosome,endocytosis,autophagy animal,comple-ment and coagulation cascade and toll like receptor signaling pathway among others.Seven immune re-lated differentially synthesized proteins were identified,which include complement C3,C7 and C1q,MHC-Ⅰ,MHC-Ⅱ,Ig and rab-7a.The syntheses of these proteins were significantly down regulated in parasitic group.Anisakidae nematodes affect the complement cascade reaction and phagocytosis process of C.nasus by inhibiting the syntheses of immune related proteins,and escaping the host im-mune response.