Abstract:Objective:To construct an intervention program for medical staff's anxiety based on aromatherapy.Methods:Domestic and international literature was systematically searched,and an initial draft of the intervention program for medical staff's anxiety was formulated based on aromatherapy.From February to March 2023,consultations were conducted with 15 experts using the Delphi method to solicit their opinions,the draft was revised accordingly,and the final version of the program was formed.Resu1ts:After 2 rounds of consultations,the opinions of the 15 experts converged.The expert enthusiasm rate was 100%,and the authority coefficient was 0.86 for all experts.After the second round of consultations,the Kendall's harmony coefficient for the importance of items was 0.344(P<0.001),and the coefficient of variation of items ranged from 0 to 0.22.The finally formed intervention program includes 4 stages,4 types of intervention approaches,and more than 10 intervention methods.Conclusions:The constructed aromatherapy-based intervention program for medical staff's anxiety is scientific and can provide a reference for hospital administrators to alleviate medical staff's anxiety.

Abstract:Objective:To translate the outpatient rehabilitation nursing patient experience scale(WatLXTM)and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the Brislin translation model,WatLXTM was translated,back-translated,culturally adjusted,and pre-investigated to form the first draft of the Chinese version of WatLXTM.A total of 150 patients with training injuries who were treated in a rehabilitation clinic from August to November 2023 to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of WatLXTM by using convenience sampling method.Results:The Chinese version of WatLXTM included 5 dimensions,10 items,and 1 open-ended question.The total Cronbach's a coefficient of the scale was 0.947,the split-half reliability was 0.908,and the test-retest reliability was 0.970.The content validity index(CVI)of the item level was 0.833～1.000,and the average CVI of the scale was 0.972.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors,and the factor loading of each item was 0.447～0.867,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 90.233%.Conclusion:The Chinese version of WatLXTM has good reliability and validity,which could be used to evaluate the outpatient rehabilitation nursing experience of training-injured patients in China.

Abstract:Objective:To carry out evidence-based practice for prolonging the service life of autologous arteriovenous fistula,formulate review indicators,analyze the obstacles and promoting factors,and construct clinical change strategies.Methods:With Stetler model as the theoretical framework,an evidence-based practice group was formed to construct review indicators.A baseline review was conducted from October to December 2023,and the practice behaviors of nurses were observed on site with patients as a unit.Based on the baseline review results,and the obstacles and promoting factors in evidence-based practice were analyzed,then formulate the corresponding action strategies.Results:A total of 20 best evidence pieces were included in the study,and 16 review indicators were developed,of which 13 had an implementation rate of<60%and 7 had an implementation rate of 0.The main obstacle factors are the big gap between the best evidence and the clinical status quo,the low level of nursing and patient knowledge and practice,the lack of system,process and assessment mechanism,etc.The main promoting factors are the high degree of leadership attention,the high quality of evidence-based team research,and the perfection of information system.Based on this,the clinical change strategy was established.Conclusion:Based on the summary of the best evidence,the establishment of scientific and rational review indicators,the analysis of obstacle factors and promoting factors,and the formulation of clinical change strategies are important guarantees to promote the evidence-based practice of extending the service life of autologous arteriovenous fistula in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the experiences and needs of cancer patients regarding the maintenance of peripherally inserted central catheters(PICC),in order to provide evidence-based data to optimize PICC maintenance services.Methods:This qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 PICC cancer patients from a tertiary grade A cancer hospital in Beijing,employing descriptive phenomenological methods to collect data.The interviews focused on patients'experiences and needs during the PICC maintenance process,and data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological method.Results:The patients'experiences were summarized into several themes:life reconstruction;dual burdens;information gap;humanistic care.Conclusions:Cancer patients face multiple needs and complex experiences during PICC maintenance,including guidance on practical procedures,information support,and psychological care.Future nursing practices should address these needs by improving procedural techniques,developing convenient support tools,and optimizing health education strategies to help patients better adapt to PICC maintenance and improve their quality of life.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the causal relationship between cognitive function and depression using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).This analysis aims to offer insight for the development of effective intervention strategies to prevent depression and dementia in the elderly.Methods:Study subjects were selected from the samples from 2011-2015 in the CHARLS database,and 3,389 study subjects were finally selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Cross-lagged panel model(CLPM)was used to explore the relationship between depression and cognition in middle-aged and older adults.Results:The research subjects were divided into the middle-aged group(45～60 years old)and the elderly group(>60 years old)according to age.There were 2,341 research subjects in the middle-aged group and 1,048 research subjects in the elderly group.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups of research subjects in terms of gender,education,marital status,hypertension status,diabetes status,smoking,alcohol consumption,and sleep length(P<0.05).The results of the CLPM model showed that depression and cognition have a bidirectional temporal relationship.The baseline depression score of the middle-aged group could effectively predict the cognitive score at the first follow-up(β=-0.084,P<0.001),and the depression score at the first follow-up could effectively predict the cognitive score at the second follow-up(β=-0.070,P<0.001).The baseline cognitive score could effectively predict the depression score at the first follow-up(β=-0.076,P<0.001),and the cognitive score at the first follow-up could effectively predict the depression score at the second follow-up(β=-0.073,P<0.001).The baseline cognitive score of the elderly group could effectively predict the depression score at the first follow-up(β=-0.197,P<0.001),and the cognitive score at the first follow-up could effectively predict the depression score at the second follow-up(β=-0.111,P<0.001).The depression score at the first follow-up could effectively predict the cognitive score at the second follow-up(β=-0.089,P<0.001).Conclusions:The relationship between depression and cognition in middle-aged and elderly individuals follows a biphasic temporal.Especially in the older age group,Cognitive impairment in later years can increase the likelihood of experiencing depression in the future.Prioritizing the treatment of depression in middle-aged and elderly individuals can help lower the risk of developing cognitive problems later on.

Abstract:Objective:To construct a hospital emergency nursing plan for severe trauma patients based on the timeline of trauma resuscitation,aiming to provide emergency nursing practice guidance for severe trauma patients.Methods:By means of literature review and field observation,the hospital emergency nursing plan for severe trauma patients based on the timeline of trauma resuscitation was initially developed.After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation,items of the plan were modified and the final plan was formed.Results:In this study,20 experts were consulted for two rounds,the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 100.00%,and the authority coefficient was 0.958.In the first round,the Kendall harmony coefficients assigned to the importance and operability were 0.183 and 0.179(P<0.001).In the second round,the Kendall harmony coefficients assigned to the importance and operability were 0.317 and 0.307(P<0.001).The final nursing plan includes 3 first-level items,12 second-level items and 53 third-level items.Conclusion:This study builds a detailed hospital emergency nursing plan for severe trauma patients based on the trauma resuscitation timeline,which is scientific,reliable and practical,and can provide guidance for emergency nursing practice for trauma patients.

Abstract:Objective:This paper reviews the relevant guidelines for non-drug intervention of mild cognitive impairment at home and abroad,systematically sorts out their contents and update status,and provides reference for the formulation of relevant practices and guidelines in China.Methods:Based on the scoping review of Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)in Australia,CNKI,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,Yimaitong,SinoMed,PubMed,Embase and the Cochrane Library databases were searched.At the same time,we searched the official web-sites of professional institutions such as the International Guideline Collaboration Network,the World Organization for Alzheimer's Disease,the American Geriatric Association(AGS),and major national health system websites to screen for MCI non-drug intervention guidelines or consensus published as of April 1,2025.Results:A total of 10 guidelines were included,covering 7 categories of non-drug measures such as lifestyle intervention,exercise intervention,and cognitive training.Among them,the level of evidence and recommendation intensity of exercise intervention and cognitive training were higher;lifestyle intervention and nutrition management were supported by international consensus,but the evidence heterogeneity was significant.The synergistic effect of comprehensive intervention was prominent,but the best combination had not yet been pointed out.Conclusions:At present,the content presented in the guidelines has uneven quality of evidence and recommendation intensity.In the future,high-quality RCT studies are needed to improve the quality of evidence,to provide a basis for updating the content of MCI non-drug intervention guidelines.

Abstract:The Family Nurse Diet Therapy Model(FNDM)is an innovative nursing model proposed by professor Han Shifan's team based on the"Family Nurse Diet Therapy"to address bottlenecks in global dietary intervention for chronic diseases,such as vague targets,single-role involvement,and poor regional adaptability.By integrating theoretical tracing,empirical analysis,and philosophical reflection,this article systematically interprets the core concepts:precision intervention with"Shi-Fan-Nutrients(SFN)",practical pathways,and life-philosophy implications of FNDM.

Abstract:Objective:To develop the best evidence for oral feeding training in stroke patients with dysphagia based on evidence-based methods and evaluate its implementation outcomes.Methods:Chinese and English databases,guideline websites,and other sources were searched to obtain 11 best evidence items for oral feeding training in stroke patients with dysphagia.These evidence items were translated into 14 clinical audit criteria to guide and standardize evidence-based nursing practice.Results:After the implementation of the evidence,nurses'knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors related to oral feeding training significantly improved.Patients'swallowing function showed greater improvement compared to the pre-implementation period.The compliance rates for audit criteria 2,5,8,9,and 11～14 significantly increased,while the compliance rates for the remaining criteria reached over 80%.Conclusion:The implementation of evidence-based best practices in clinical settings helps standardize nurses'execution of oral feeding training for stroke patients with dysphagia and promotes continuous improvement in the quality of clinical nursing care.

Abstract:Obesity as a global epidemic,is an important risk factor for various chronic diseases.In the face of the limitations of traditional weight loss surgeries and drug therapy,such as complications,side effects,and weight rebound,research attention has increasingly shifted toward dietary nutritional interventions.Among these,non-nutrients have garnered significant interest due to their ability to mitigate obesity through multiple pathways,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and metabolic regulatory mechanisms.This article systematically summarizes the role of dietary non-nutrients,such as anthocyanins,resveratrol,and epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG),in weight management by modulating inflammatory and metabolic pathways.It also comprehensively reviews the results of multiple randomized controlled trials conducted by the research team between 2022 and 2024 based on the Family Nurse Diet Therapy.The findings indicate that non-nutrients effectively improve obesity-related metabolic markers through multi-pathway mechanisms.The Family Nurse Diet Therapy significantly reduced body weight,BMI,and waist circumference,while also enhancing glycolipid metabolism,inflammatory indicators and oxidative stess indicators,with the optimized intervention yielding particularly remarkable outcomes.The Family Nurse Diet Therapy provides an effective nutritional strategy for weight management,demonstrating substantial application value and promotion potential in obesity prevention and treatment.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the potential profile categories and influencing factors of social participation in elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).Methods:A total of 418 elderly MHD patients from a tertiary grade A hospital's hemodialysis center in Jinan city from November 2023 to April 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were investigated using a general information questionnaire,the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire,the Personal Mastery Scale,and the Social Support Rating Scale.Latent profile analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.3 software.Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the predictive factors of different social participation types in elderly MHD patients.Results:The social participation of elderly MHD patients can be classified into three potential profile categories,good social participation(34.69%),moderate social participation(43.06%),and lack of social participation(22.25%).Age,whether having diabetes,dialysis frequency,personal sense of control,and social support are the influencing factors for the social participation of different categories of elderly MHD patients(P<0.05).Conclusion:Nursing staff should pay attention to elderly MHD patients with different social participation categories in order to take targeted intervention measures to improve their social participation level.

Abstract:Objective:To construct a symptom network for elderly patients with chronic heart failure based on network analysis methods,identify core symptoms and explore their impact on quality of life,and promote the development of precise symptom management.Methods:A total of 220 patients with chronic heart failure who were hospitalized in the department of cardiology of a tertiary grade A hospital in Zhejiang province from January to November 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were investigated using a self-designed general information questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Memorial Heart Failure Symptom Assessment Scale,and the Chinese version of the Minnesota Quality of Life Scale.The symptom network was constructed using R software to identify core symptoms,and the influence of core symptoms on the quality of life of patients was explored through hierarchical regression methods.Results:The symptoms with a relatively high incidence rate are shortness of breath,fatigue and palpitations,while the symptoms with a relatively high severity are shortness of breath,edema in legs/arms and palpitations.Anxiety is the symptom with the highest node strength in the network,followed by nocturnal sleep apnea.The results of hierarchical regression analysis show that anxiety has the greatest impact on quality of life[β=1.409,95%CI(0.654,2.163),P<0.001],and its explanatory power for the model is 22%.Conclusions:The core symptoms of elderly patients with chronic heart failure are anxiety and waking up during sleep at night,which seriously affect the quality of life of the patients.Healthcare professionals can take corresponding intervention measures based on the core symptoms to improve the quality of life of the patients.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the implementation effect of just-in-time adaptive intervention in elderly patients with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy.Methods:By using the convenience sampling method,41 elderly patients with prostate cancer who received radiotherapy in the abdominal radiotherapy department of the hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as the control group,and 43 elderly patients with prostate cancer who received radiotherapy from January to December 2024 were selected as the intervention group.The control group received conventional radiotherapy specialized care,while the intervention group implemented an just-in-time adaptive intervention plan on this basis.Compare the quality of life of the two groups[Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate[FACT-P)],health literacy level[Health Literacy Management Scale(HLMS)],self-management efficacy[Strategies Used by People to Promote Health(SUPPH)in Chinese version].Results:The FACT-P score of the intervention group[(108.67±2.65)points]was higher than that of the control group[(101.71±5.19)points],and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the HLMS score[(111.05±2.37)points]was significantly higher than that of the control group[(106.34±3.54)points],and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the SUPPH score of the intervention group[(98.12±1.80)points]was higher than that of the control group[(95.15±2.24)points],and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Just-in-time adaptive intervention can effectively improve the quality of life,health literacy level and self-management efficacy of elderly patients with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Abstract:Objective:To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence of early identification and management of lower limb ischemia in adult patients with V-A ECMO,and to provide reference and basis for clinical intervention.Methods:According to the"6S"model,clinical decisions,guidelines,expert consensus,evidence summary,systematic reviews and original studies related to the management of lower limb ischemia in adult patients with V-A ECMO were retrieved from domestic and foreign guideline networks,databases and society official websites.Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included literature,extracted and summarized the evidence consistent with the theme in the qualified literature.Results:A total of 22 articles were included,including 4 guidelines,2 clinical decisions,9 expert consensus,3 systematic reviews,2 randomized controlled trials,and 2 case-control studies.A total of 34 pieces of evidence were summarized from 5 aspects,including organization and management,high-risk factors,preventive measures,correct evaluation and diagnosis,and treatment measures.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for early identification and management of lower limb ischemia in adult patients with V-A ECMO.It is recommended that medical staff promote the transformation of evidence according to the actual situation of our hospital,and further standardize the process of early identification and management of lower limb ischemia in adult patients with V-A ECMO,so as to improve the clinical outcomes of V-A ECMO patients.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the intervention effect of Family Nurse Diet Therapy Model on patients with metabolic syndrome(MetS)complicated with sleep disorders.Methods:A total of 158 patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome accompanied by sleep disorders[with a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score>7]were recruited from communities in Taiyuan city from August to October 2024 as the research subjects.General information of the subjects(gender,age,height,weight,etc.)was collected.Blood biochemical indicators before and after the intervention were also collected,including blood glucose[fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)],blood lipids[triglycerides,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)],liver and kidney functions[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),urea,serum creatinine,uric acid],inflammatory factors[high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)],and oxidative stress indicators[malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)].Based on the Family Nurse Diet Therapy,a diet intervention plan was developed.According to the analysis of body composition,the recipe was prepared by using the food exchange method and family nurse App,and the recipe was updated according to the actual feedback and adaptability of the subjects every week.The total intervention period was six weeks.Results:After 6 weeks of intervention,the sleep quality of patients was significantly improved,BMI was significantly decreased,the indicators of fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,HOMA-IR,uric acid,ALT,AST,triglycerides,total cholesterol,HDL-C,LDL-C,hs-CRP,TNF-α,MDA and SOD were significantly improved(all P<0.05).Conclusions:Sleep disorders are common in patients with metabolic syndrome and are closely related to metabolic disorders,inflammation and oxidative stress.Family Nurse Diet Therapy Model significantly improved the patient's sleep quality index and body metabolism level,reduced the patient's inflammation and oxidative stress levels,and reduced the patient's weight.

Abstract:Objective:To verify the effectiveness of the family nurse diet therapy mode guided by the family nurse diet therapy theory in overweight/obese patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.Methods:From August to November 2024,a total of 106 overweight/obese patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease were recruited from the community.A personalized dietary intervention was implemented based on the dietary prescription and family nurse dietary therapy products derived from the family nurse diet therapy theory.The changes in various clinical indicators of the subjects were observed after 6 weeks of intervention.Results:After 6 weeks of intervention,all indicators of body composition in the subjects were significantly improved(P<0.05).Compared to baseline,the values of liver steatosis analysis(LiSA),liver elasticity measurement(E),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting serum insulin(FINS),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),malondialdehyde(MDA),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and uric acid(UA)all decreased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)increased compared to baseline(P<0.05).Blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)showed no significant difference before and after intervention(P>0.05).The self-management score for fatty liver improved(P<0.05).Conclusions:This dietary therapy mode can significantly improve patients'body composition,reduce fatty liver,regulate glucose and lipid metabolism,control inflammation and oxidative stress,protect liver and kidney function,enhance patients'self-management ability for fatty liver,and help develop good dietary habits.It offers new insights and effective methods for dietary therapy in overweight/obese patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Abstract:Objective:To validate the effectiveness of the family nurse diet therapy model.Methods:This study adopted a self-controlled before-and-after design.From August to October 2024,a total of 64 overweight/obese patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes(T2DM)were recruited from the community and received the family nurse diet therapy model(including Family Nurse® Plant-Based Protein Composite Powder,Family Nurse® 5•20 Herbal Tea Substitute,and personalized dietary guidance).Changes in body composition,metabolic parameters,inflammatory markers,oxidative stress indicators,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores,and T2DM dietary management scores were assessed after 6 weeks of intervention.A follow-up evaluation was conducted at 8 weeks post-intervention,with a focus on monitoring body weight and dietary structure.Results:After 6 weeks,significant improvements were observed in all 64 participants,including reductions in body weight,body mass index,waist-to-hip ratio,body fat percentage,visceral fat area,fasting blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance,fasting insulin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde,as well as improvements in T2DM dietary management scores and PSQI(all P<0.05).At the 8-week follow-up post-intervention,the participants exhibited a further mean weight reduction of 0.61 kg and maintained the improved dietary patterns established during the intervention period.Conclusions:This study confirms the comprehensive benefits of the family nurse diet therapy model in patients with prediabetes and T2DM,demonstrating its efficacy through three key pathways:anti-inflammatory effects,antioxidant stress modulation,and metabolic regulation.The findings provide empirical evidence supporting the scientific rationale and clinical effectiveness of this intervention.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the application effect of the family nurse diet therapy model constructed based on family nurse diet therapy theory in overweight/obese patients.Methods:A total of 350 overweight/obese patients were provided with the family nurse diet therapy model within 42 days.Body weight and BMI values of the 350 patients were measured and compared before and after the intervention.Repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to compare body weight values at four time points:pre-intervention,42 days of intervention,1 month after intervention,and 6 months after intervention.Paired samples t-tests were performed for pairwise comparisons of body weight and BMI values across the four time points.Results:After 42 days of intervention,the body weight and BMI values of all 350 patients significantly decreased(P<0.001).There were no significant differences in body weight and BMI values among the 42-day intervention,1-month post-intervention,and 6-month post-intervention time points(P>0.05).Conclusions:The family nurse diet therapy model rich in non-nutrients has a significant improvement effect on overweight/obese patients and can achieve short-term weight loss goals.

Abstract:Obesity and related chronic diseases have become a global public health issue,posing a serious threat to individual health and the quality of life of the entire society.Changing lifestyle is an effective way to manage obesity and chronic diseases,with dietary adjustments playing a significant role.Numerous dietary patterns targeting weight loss and chronic disease prevention have been proposed,yet the prevalence of these diseases continues to rise globally,indicating that existing dietary patterns still have shortcomings and are insufficient to effectively curb this global health crisis.This descriptive review comprehensively analyzes the widely used Mediterranean diet,vegetarian diet,low-carbohydrate diet,and traditional Chinese medicine dietary therapy in the management of obesity and chronic diseases.It summarizes their nutritional values and deficiencies in different aspects and speculates that the shortcomings of these dietary patterns may be important factors affecting their effectiveness,thus contributing to the limited success in global weight loss and chronic disease management.Based on this,the review further introduces a novel dietary pattern,namely the family nurse diet therapy model,also known as the family nurse diet model(FNDM).A scientific evaluation of this model is conducted,aiming to provide insights for future solutions to obesity and related comorbidities and to offer a personalized intervention tool to break through the bottleneck in weight and chronic disease management.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the latent profiles of self-care ability and its influencing factors in elderly patients at home after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:238 elderly patients living at home after PCI were selected by convenience sampling from the cardiology department of a Grade A tertiary hospital in Ningxia.Surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire,the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES),the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCAS),the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS).Latent profile analysis,univariate analysis,and Logistic regression analysis were used to identify different profiles and their influencing factors.Results:The total self-care ability score of the 238 post-PCI patients was(99.51±18.39).Self-care ability could be classified into 4 profiles,highly autonomous(15.5%),skill-practice oriented(41.6%),knowledge-oriented(36.4%),and support-dependent(5.5%).Occupation,smoking,self-efficacy,social support,and anxiety/depression were identified as influencing factors for the latent profiles of self-care ability in elderly patients at home after PCI(P<0.05).Conclusions:The self-care abilities of elderly patients at home after PCI exhibit distinct classification characteristics.Patients in different categories vary in terms of occupation,smoking,self-efficacy,social support,and anxiety/depression.Nursing staff need to develop targeted interventions and provide personalized health education based on the classification characteristics of different profiles,establish close collaborative relationships with patients'families,and provide comprehensive care and support to enhance patients'self-care ability.