Abstract:The Lion-head Gooseis originally produced in Chaoshan area and is known as"the king of goose in the world".Its size is large,growth speed is fast and economic value is high.Lion-head Goose eggs have the characteristics of large size,hard shell and thick shell membrane,and the hatching process is special.Aiming at the problems of temperature control,humidity management,ventilation exchange,egg turning frequency,egg illumination time and technique of hatching,a series of technical points and parameters were put forward in order to improve hatching rate and healthy rate of Lion-head Goose eggs.Provide scientific guidance for breeders,thereby enhancing economic and social benefits.

Abstract:With the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure in Guyuan,the beef cattle breeding model industry has developed from the traditional free-range model to moderately intensive and large-scale breeding models.From 2014 to 2023,the number of beef cattle at the beginning of the year increased from 360,600 to 665,900;the annual production of beef cattle manure increased from 2.9615 million tons to 5.4687 million tons per year.Exploring the current status of beef cattle breeding and resource utilization of manure is of great significance for the development of beef cattle industry.This paper summarizes the current status of beef cattle breeding,manure treatment and resource utilization,analyzes existing problems,and puts forward several development suggestions.These recommendations aim to provide a reference for the beef cattle industry in Guyuan to move towards green,healthy,and sustainable development.

Abstract:To experimentally investigate the in vitro inhibitory zonesize and minimum inhibitory concentration of rose essential oil and its antimicrobial active ingredients citronellol,geraniol and nerol against three aquatic pathogens,namely Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticu),Streptococcus iniae(S.iniae),and Vibrio harveyi(V.harveyi).The inhibitory effects of rose essential oil and its antibacterial components(citronellol,geraniol and nerol)on three aquatic pathogenic bacteria(V.parahaemolyticu,S.iniae and V.harveyi)was tested.The diameter of the inhibition zones of rose essential oil and its antibacterial agents was determined using the methods of punch-hole and cross-validation.The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)of rose essential oil and its antibacterial compounds were determined using the 96-well plate microdilution method.Finally,the fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC)indices of the three active ingredients were determined using the micro-broth chessboard cross-validation method.The results demonstrated that rose essential oil and its active ingredients exhibited antibacterial activity against V.parahaemolyticu,S.iniae and V.harveyi.Among these,citronellol demonstrated the most pronounced antibacterial effect.The three rose essential oil active ingredients were tested in combination with one another to evaluate their joint antibacterial effect,with the findings indicating that the combined effect was either irrelevant or antagonistic.Rose essential oil and its active ingredients have been demonstrated to exert notable bacteriostatic effects on aquatic pathogenic bacteria.However,the simultaneous application of its active ingredients in a clinical setting is not recommended.This study will provide a theoretical foundation for the future application of the antibacterial effects of rose essential oil in aquaculture.

Abstract:Goose parvovirus(GPV)is the causative agent of Gosling plague,a highly lethal infectious disease in goslings under 20 days of age,while juvenile geese often exhibit subclinical infections that are frequently overlooked.In November 2024,an acute outbreak occurred in a flock of juvenile geese(56 days old)at a goose farm in Jieyang,Guangdong Province.To identify the cause of the disease,standard necropsy procedures were conducted on the submitted dead geese,and hepatic,splenic,and intestinal tissue samples were aseptically collected.Pathogen nucleic acids of common viral infectious diseases in geese were detected using PCR/RT-PCR assays.The GPV-positive tissue samples homogenized and inoculated into goose embryos.Subsequently,PCR-positive allantois fluid samples were subjected to full-genome cloning and sequencing,followed by phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis based on the obtained sequence data.The results indicated that the submitted tissue samples tested positive for goose parvovirus(GPV)nucleic acid by PCR,while showing negative results for goose circovirus(GoCV),goose astrovirus(GoAstV),Newcastle disease virus(NDV),and Tembusu virus(TMUV).After inoculation of the GPV-positive tissue homogenate into goose embryos,embryo death with severe hemorrhage was observed,and subsequent PCR testing confirmed GPV positivity in the allantois fluid.Genome sequencing revealed that the viral strain possesses a complete genome of 5 028 bp,consisting of inverted terminal repeat(ITR)regions along with non-structural(NS)and capsid(VP)genes.The strain was designated as GPV/GD/3121/2024.Similarity analysis showed that this isolated strain had the highest similarity to the DY16 strain in both the NS1 gene(99.4%)and VP1(95.9%).The GPV/GD/3121/2024 strain exhibits a high whole-genome sequence similarity of 97.5%with recent GPV strains isolated in China,including the DY16,RC16,and HB-2019 strains.Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome,non-structural protein NS1,and structural protein VP1 sequences consistently demonstrated that the isolate clustered within a major clade sharing close genetic relationships with European vaccine strain VG32/1)domestic vaccine strains(GDaGPV,SYG61v),and Taiwanese vaccine strain 82-0321V.Additionally,compared to classical GPV strains,GPV/GD/3121/2024 harbored three unique nucleotide mutations in the VP1 gene(A2496T,G2515C,and A2772G),resulting in amino acid substitutions V38L,S178T,and Y491H in the VP1 structural protein.This study confirmed that the lethal outbreak in juvenile geese was caused by GPV infection.The causative strain was successfully isolated and characterized through comprehensive genetic and evolutionary analyses.Furthermore,we summarized the current epidemiological status of GPV in China.These findings provide valuable reference data for understanding the biological characteristics of GPV and formulating scientific control strategies.

Abstract:Climate change directly or indirectly affects the health of livestock and poultry,leading to challenges such as heat stress,metabolic disorders,oxidative stress,and immunosuppression,which pose significant threats to the development of the livestock industry.Pogostemon cablin,commonly known as Patchouli,is a traditional Chinese herb known for its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antidiarrheal properties.When used as a feed additive,either alone or in combination with other herbal formulations,it has been shown to alleviate heat stress in livestock and poultry,promote gastrointestinal health,and enhance antioxidant capacity to varying degrees.This article systematically reviews the physicochemical properties of Pogostemon cablin and its compound preparation,as well as their applications in livestock production.The findings aim to provide a reference for further promoting the use of Pogostemon cablin in animal production systems.

Abstract:In response to the urgent need for refined management and scientific feeding strategies in the current laying duck industry,a validation study was conducted on the recently published"Nutrient Requirements of Laying Ducks"(GB/T 41189-2021).Diets were formulated at 95%,100%,and 105%of the standard recommended nutrient levels to investigate the applicability of current standards through comprehensive evaluation of production performance and egg quality.A total of 216 healthy 29-week-old Longyan Shanma ducks with similar production performance were randomly allocated into three groups,with six replicates per group and twelve ducks per replicate.Three experimental diets were administered for an 18-week trial period.The results revealed that:(1)Regarding laying performance,no significant differences were observed in laying rate and feed-to-egg ratio among groups(P>0.05).However,significant effects were detected on feed intake,average egg weight,and egg breakage rate.The lowest feed intake was recorded in the 100%group,while the highest average egg weight and lowest egg breakage rate were observed in the 105%group(P<0.05).(2)In egg composition analysis,significant effects were found on albumen weight and eggshell weight(P<0.05),with both parameters being higher in the 105%group,though no significant differences were detected in the proportion of egg components among groups(P>0.05).(3)Regarding egg quality parameters,no significant effects were observed on albumen height,Haugh unit,eggshell strength,or eggshell thickness(P>0.05),while the egg shape index was significantly influenced,reaching its highest value in the 105%group(P<0.05).In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,when evaluated against key production indicators including laying rate,feed-to-egg ratio,and egg quality,the current standard of"Nutrient Requirements of Laying Ducks"(GB/T 41189-2021)was demonstrated to meet production requirements.However,it is recommended that the nutrient level be adjusted to 95%when the egg breakage rate is incorporated as an additional evaluation criterion.

Abstract:Wheat is the second largest food crop in the world,ranking third in China.The crude protein and crude fiber content of wheat bran produced by its by-product processing is higher,and the available energy value is slightly lower than that of corn,which is one of the important energy feed raw materials.However,due to the different sources,processing methods and anti-nutrition factors,the nutritional value of wheat bran is very different,which restricts its feeding value.Therefore,this paper mainly reviewed the differences of nutritional components of different wheat bran,the available energy and amino acid digestibility of pigs and their applications in pig production.

Abstract:This study aimed to clone the Lantang pig using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,offering a novel and efficient approach for preserving the genetic resources of exceptional local and endangered pig breeds in China.We compared the tissue block method and collagenase digestion method to establish Lantang pig somatic cell lines.Additionally,we analyzed the developmental outcomes of cloned embryos created from Lantang pig donor cells of different genders in vitro and transplanted them in vivo.The results indicated that the collagenase method yielded cells more rapidly and in higher quantities compared to the tissue block method.While there were no notable differences in cleavage rates and total blastocyst cell counts between cloned embryos of different genders in vitro,the blastocyst rate of male embryos was significantly higher than that of female embryos(P<0.05).Through in vivo transfer of cloned embryos from Lantang pigs in three separate batches,we successfully obtained four healthy cloned piglets.This study marks the first successful case of somatic cell cloning of the Lantang pig in China,providing a dependable technical tool for preserving the genetic resources of this breed.

Abstract:In order to develop a credible dual fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)for detecting novel goose astrovirus type 1(NGAstV-1)and type 2(NGAstV-2),primers were designed to establish a dual fluorescence qPCR detection method using ORF2 protein of NGAstV-1 and NGAstV-2,and 36 samples of goose liver and kidney tissue suspected to be infected with NGAstV-1 and NGAstV-2 were evaluated in this study.The test results showed that the correlation coefficients of qPCR were 0.997 and were negative for novel duck reovirus(NDRV),avian influenza virus(AIV),fowl adenovirus(FAdV),and goose parvovirus(GPV).The minimum detection limit was 1.12×101 copies/μL.The reproducibility test results indicate good reproducibility,with a coefficient of variation between groups of less than 0.8%and a coefficient of variation within groups of less than 0.5%.It can be seen that the qPCR can efficiently and specifically detect NGAstV-1 and NGAstV-2,providing a feasible method for NGAstV monitoring.

Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different doses of compound probiotics on production performance,egg quality,reproduction-related traits and organ indices in old aged laying hens.A total of 288 Jingfen laying hens aged 68 weeks with normal egg production were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups based on similar laying rates.The basal diet was supplemented with 0,200,300,and 400 mg/kg of compound probiotics,respectively.The results showed that:dietary supplementation with compound probiotics exhibited certain trends in affecting the laying rate and daily egg mass(EM)(P<0.10).With the dietary supplementation level of probiotics increased,the laying rate demonstrated a significant linear increase(P=0.047),while daily EM showed a tendency toward linear increase(P=0.092).Meanwhile,the unqualified egg rate exhibited a tendency toward linear decrease(P=0.078).Eggs from the 300 mg/kg group had the highest eggshell strength,significantly exceeding the other 3 groups(P<0.05).With increasing dietary probiotic levels,Haugh unit displayed a significant quadratic effect characterized by an initial increase followed by a slight decrease(P=0.005).The number of dominant follicles also showed a trend of initial increase followed by decrease(P=0.078).Dietary probiotics significantly affected abdominal fat percentage(AF%)(P=0.037),with the lowest value observed in the 300 mg/kg group.Based on the significance(P values)and correlation coefficients(R2)of quadratic polynomial or broken-line models established for Haugh unit and AF%in response to probiotic dosage,and considering all experimental indicators comprehensively,the optimal dietary supplementation level of compound probiotics for aged laying hens was determined to be 300 mg/kg.

Abstract:To investigate the early growth patterns of fast-growing Magang geese,this study employed three nonlinear growth curve models(Logistic,Gompertz,and Von Bertalanffy)to analyze the body weights of 264 fast-growing Magang geese(130 males and 134 females)from 1 to 90 days of age.Additionally,a correlation analysis was conducted between body weight and various body measurements at 70 days of age.The results revealed that the Logistic model was the optimal growth curve model for male geese,with an R2 value of 0.998.The inflection point for male geese occurred at 39.9 days,with a corresponding body weight of 2 272.05 g,and the estimated mature weight was 4 434.85 g.For female geese,the best-fitting model was the Gompertz model(R2=0.999),with an inflection point at 31.5 days,an inflection point weight of 1 564.31 g,and a mature weight of 3 888.30 g.A significant positive correlation(P<0.05)was observed between body weight and body measurements at 70 days of age,with shank circumference demonstrating the strongest correlation.Therefore,it is recommended that shank circumference be used as a reference for early weight selection in fast-growing Magang geese.To optimize the early growth potential of both male and female geese,it is suggested that male geese should receive enhanced nutritional levels during the first 40 days of age,while female geese should be provided with adequate nutrition during the first 32 days of age.

Abstract:By simulating the natural incubation environment of the Common Moorhen(Gallinula chloropus),including the regulation of temperature and humidity,and providing appropriate rearing and care of the hatchlings,this study aimed to explore artificial incubation and chick-rearing methods for the species.The results demonstrated that the artificial incubation period of the Common Moorhen ranged from 18 to 20 days,with the majority hatching at 19 days.The average weight and dimensions of Common Moorhen eggs were(18.33±1.00)g,(42.14±0.79)mm×(29.24±0.64)mm respectively,with an egg shape index of(1.45±0.03).Under+incubation conditions of 37.8℃temperature and 55%relative humidity,the hatching rate reached 88.89%.Fertilized Common Moorhen eggs exhibited varying degrees of weight loss during incubation,which exhibited a linear relationship with incubation days,as described by the linear regression equation y=-0.1133x+18.339(R2=0.998).The growth and development of Common Moorhen chicks conforms to the Logistic,Gomertz,and Von Bertalanffy growth curve models,with the curve fitting degrees R2 being 0.981,0.963,and 0.955,respectively.Among these,the Logistic model exhibited the highest fitting degree.The Logistic equation is y=172.68/(1+21.587e-0.132609t)with a curve fit of R2=0.981.The inflection point mass A/2 was 86.34 g,and the inflection point age lnB/k was 23.16 days.These findings provide important theoretical foundation and practical insights for guiding the artificial incubation and chick rearing management of Common Moorhens,thus offering practical technical support for improving their breeding efficiency.

Abstract:The purpose of this experiment was to explore the changes in physiological indices,serum biochemical indices and immune function of Hu sheep with different heat tolerance,and to provide reference for analyzing the heat tolerance mechanism of Hu sheep and formulating strategies to alleviate heat stress of sheep.From July 1 to August 20,under the condition of an average THI(Temperature-Humidity Index)of 85.5,a total of 811 multiparous,non-pregnant ewes with consistent parity(all having given birth twice),good health status,and identical feeding management were selected and raised collectively in a single shed.Indicators such as respiratory rate,rectal temperature,and heart rate were measured.Using principal component analysis and membership function analysis,heat-resistant(HR)Hu sheep(n=30)and heat-sensitive(HS)Hu sheep(n=30)were identified.The results showed that the respiratory frequency,rectal temperature and heart rate of Hu sheep in HS group were significantly higher than those in HR group(P<0.01).WBC and HGB in the blood routine of Hu sheep in HR group were significantly higher than those in HS group(P<0.01),and LYM was significantly higher than that in HS group(P<0.05).The contents of serum HSP70 and HSP90 in HR group were significantly higher than those in HS group(P<0.01).The contents of T3,T4 and COR in HR group were significantly higher than those in HS group(P<0.01).The concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in HR group were also significantly higher than those in HS group(P<0.01).In conclusion,compared with HS Hu sheep,HR Hu sheep exhibit stronger heat stress resistance and immune capacity.

Abstract:In order to explore the clinical anesthesia drug combination and anesthesia effect of aquatic turtles,a trial was conducted using Dexmedetomidine(0.05 mg/kg)combined with Afaxalone(5 mg/kg)to anesthetize nine Trachemys scripta elegans.The time and behavioral manifestations of the experimental animals during the induction period,anesthesia period and recovery period were recorded respectively to evaluate the effects of the drugs on sedation,analgesia and muscle.Blood tests and detection of body indicators such as heart rate were conducted on the experimental animals to assess the effect of anesthesia on animal physiological constants.The results showed that the combination of the drugs has an anesthesia induction period of(12.11±2.86)min for Trachemys scripta elegans,and can provide an effective anesthesia induction of(51.89±7.21)min.During the anesthesia process,the experimental animals was stable and showed no adverse reactions.After intramuscular injection of the Atipamezole(0.5 mg/kg),the animals fully recovered after(18.22±4.42)min.The overall effect of anesthesia operation on the blood biochemical indicators and heart rate of the experimental was not significant,indicating that this combination and dosage are suitable for clinical anesthesia of aquatic turtles.