Abstract:Taking City A as the research area,based on the maximum population-economy theory,combined with the maximum water resource population carrying capacity and water resource carrying capacity balance index,this paper evaluates the"hard investment"of the water diversion project in City A.Aiming at the deficiency of the traditional principal component analysis method in ignoring the degree of indicator differences,this paper proposes a normal standardized principal component analysis method to evaluate and analyze the"soft construction"of the water diversion project in City A.Combining the evaluation results of"hard investment"and"soft construction,"it is known that the water resource carrying capacity of City A has improved after the implementation of the water diversion project,but the contradiction between available water resources in each district and county and water demand of various departments remains obvious.It is recommended to continuously improve the"soft construction"content such as regional water use systems in combination with water conservancy projects supported by"two major"funds,plan utilizable water resources with the city as a whole unit,adhere to parallel development of water source expansion and water saving,and simultaneous implementation of"hard investment"and"soft construction"to alleviate the water supply and demand contradiction in City A.

Abstract:Under the combined influence of cold and warm air masses and Typhoon Doksuri,from July 27 to August 1,2023,Baoding City in Hebei Province experienced a historically rare"23·7"heavy rainfall event.This paper aims to systematically analyze this extreme rainfall event by reviewing the preceding rainfall background and focusing on the spatial and temporal distribution,movement path,intensity characteristics,and frequency of the heavy rain,while comparing it with historically typical heavy rainfall events.In terms of research methodology,meteorological observation data were comprehensively used to statistically evaluate and analyze the causes and impacts of the extreme rainfall.The research results indicate that the"23·7"heavy rainfall had a long duration,a wide area of impact,and extreme local rainfall intensities.The return period of precipitation at some stations exceeded 100 years,demonstrating its extremity and typicality.The findings provide a reference for disaster prevention and reduction work in Baoding.

Abstract:To accurately grasp the crop water consumption patterns in irrigation areas of karst mountainous regions in Guizhou Province and promote efficient water resource utilization and sustainable agricultural development,based on NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)remote sensing images and other data from 2021 to 2023,this paper adopts the flux decomposition method to interpret crop water consumption,and verifies and analyzes the interpretation results combined with evaporation data from typical meteorological stations.The results show that in terms of temporal distribution,crop water consumption exhibits obvious seasonal variation,reaching its peak in summer due to high temperatures and vigorous crop growth,with decadal water consumption of 30-50 mm;it drops to its lowest value in winter due to low temperatures and crop dormancy,with decadal water consumption less than 10 mm;interannual differences are mainly affected by precipitation fluctuations.In terms of spatial distribution,water consumption is relatively high in some areas of the south and east,with local areas exceeding 650 mm,corresponding to the distribution of rice-growing areas and high precipitation zones;low-value areas are locally below 250 mm,corresponding to dry farming areas,low precipitation zones,and karst landform areas;other areas have water consumption mainly concentrated at 400-500 mm.Terrain water retention capacity and differences in crop water demand coefficients(rice>flue-cured tobacco>corn)jointly drive the spatial differentiation of crop water consumption.Verification results show a high correlation between observed values and modeling results,and the interpretation results have reliable accuracy.The research results can provide reference for agricultural water resource management and crop water consumption monitoring in irrigation areas of Guizhou Province.

Abstract:Affected by harsh climate,complex terrain conditions,and insufficient communication coverage,hydrological monitoring and reporting for hydropower projects in alpine regions face common technical bottlenecks.Taking the Suki Kinari(SK)Hydropower Project in Pakistan as the research object,this paper constructs a hydrological automatic monitoring and reporting system with BeiDou satellite communication as the core.Combined with the hydrometeorological characteristics of the Kunhar River Basin and engineering requirements,rainfall stations,hydrological stations,water level stations,and meteorological stations are scientifically arranged to form a three-dimensional monitoring network covering the basin scale.A scheme is proposed in which BeiDou satellite communication serves as the primary communication channel in areas without public network coverage,increasing the data transmission arrival rate of hydrological information to over 95%.Meanwhile,in response to river measurement requirements during the ice period,corresponding measurement schemes are proposed,and power supply and lightning protection strategies are developed to ensure the stable operation of monitoring equipment under extreme environmental conditions.The research results can provide technical reference for the construction and operation of hydrological automatic monitoring and reporting systems for hydropower projects in similar alpine and complex regions in China.

Abstract:Based on the measured data of 63 a from 1960 to 2022 at Baoqiao Hydrological Station,the control station in the lower reaches of Changhua River in Hainan,statistical methods such as linear trend analysis,R/S analysis and wavelet analysis are used to study the variation trend and periodic characteristics of runoff in the lower reaches of Changhua River.The results show that the runoff series in the lower reaches of Changhua River presents a weak downward trend on the whole,and there are frequent conversions between rise and fall in the local variation process.The runoff variation does not have a single continuous trend,but presents the fluctuation characteristics of multi-time scale nesting,among which about 10 months is the main period,showing obvious periodic fluctuation,and the variation trend of long time scale over 30 months gradually tends to be stable.The research results can provide reference for the optimal allocation and efficient utilization of water resources in the lower reaches of Changhua River under the background of Hainan Free Trade Port.

Abstract:Marine aquaculture plays a pivotal role in the global supply of high-quality protein food.Marine aquaculture tailwater,especially industrial marine aquaculture tailwater,largely determines the water environmental quality of bay and estuary areas,which has a significant impact on the stability of coastal ecosystems.Clarifying the generation process and components of pollutants in marine aquaculture tailwater is of great significance for industrial aquaculture water purification treatment and enhancing marine ecosystem security.By synthesizing domestic and international research findings,this paper comprehensively reviews the transport processes and transformation mechanisms of pollutants in industrialized aquaculture tailwater from the perspectives of sources,generation mechanisms,and compositional characteristics of suspended solids,organic matter,nutrients,antibiotics,and microorganisms.The environmental behavior of pollutant components in aquaculture tailwater is emphasized,and the factors affecting the stability of nearshore marine ecosystems are discussed.With respect to the sources,transport processes,and treatment technologies of pollutant components in industrialized marine aquaculture tailwater,this paper proposes the establishment of an aquaculture tailwater assessment and regulatory system,the development of treatment technologies for industrialized marine aquaculture tailwater—with particular emphasis on investigating the ecotoxicity and treatment technologies of aquaculture antibiotics—interdisciplinary scientific research,and the construction of green and ecological industrialized marine aquaculture models,with the aim of providing scientific basis for whole-process supervision,assessment,and governance of marine environmental pollution.

Abstract:Efficient and accurate processing and analysis of flow measurement data in irrigation districts are of great significance for optimizing water resource management and ensuring agricultural production.Focusing on the application of VBA technology in the analysis of flow measurement data in irrigation districts,this paper elaborates in detail,through practical cases,on the use of the powerful data processing capabilities of VBA technology to organize,statistically analyze,and process hydrological data such as flow measurement data of irrigation channels.The system realizes automated data processing,complex calculations,and customized analysis functions.The system demonstrates significant advantages in improving the efficiency and accuracy of hydrological data analysis,providing strong technical support for the scientific management and decision-making of irrigation districts,and showing high practical value and broad prospects for application.

Abstract:Lancao Reservoir is a crucial component of the flood control system in the Qujiang River Basin.While ensuring regional flood security,it inevitably exerts certain impacts on the basin's ecological environment.To mitigate the adverse effects of project construction and operation on the river ecosystem,it is essential to reasonably determine and release ecological flow.Taking the Lancao Reservoir Project in Sichuan Province as the research object,this paper employs multiple methods to separately calculate the basic ecological flow and sensitive-period ecological flow of the project,and systematically analyzes their coordination with the basin's eco-environmental protection requirements and relevant policy documents.On this basis,the ecological flow for the project is comprehensively determined.Corresponding ecological flow release and monitoring measures are proposed,and reservoir ecological operation design is carried out from three aspects:ecological flow regulation,water level regulation,and water temperature regulation.The research findings can serve as a reference for the determination of ecological flow and the design of regulation measures for large and medium-sized water conservancy projects.

Abstract:To provide scientific basis for the design and ecological protection of the Meijiang Irrigation District Project,this paper aims to systematically assess the impact of the project on the wetland ecosystem,propose effective ecological protection measures,and ensure ecological feasibility of project construction.The research content encompasses three aspects:① comprehensive field surveys combined with data analysis are conducted to comprehensively understand the current status of wetland resources,biodiversity,and ecosystem integrity within the wetland park area involved in the project;② overlay mapping method and ecological mechanism method are employed to predict the impact of the project on the ecological structure and function of the wetland park;③ comprehensive mitigation measures including construction process optimization and flora and fauna protection are proposed.The results indicate that,with the implementation of the above measures,the impact of the project on the ecosystem structure,function,and biodiversity of the wetland park is relatively minor and within a controllable range,demonstrating the ecological feasibility of the project construction.This study can provide methodological references for environmental impact assessment of similar projects and promote coordinated advancement of irrigation district development and wetland ecological function protection.

Abstract:The Tonghui River is a key river in the central urban area of Beijing,playing an important role in the city's operation.With urban development,people's demands for ecological livability are increasing,and the construction around rivers is constantly being updated.In sections of the Tonghui River with long straight walls,the green space on both sides is narrow,and the landscaping techniques are simple.Conflicts often arise between landscape construction and the daily management of hydraulic facilities,so further improvement in the landscape of the Tonghui River is necessary.In recent years,vertical greening technology has been widely used in urban landscapes.When applied reasonably,it can make up for the lack of flat greening area and has characteristics such as strong plasticity and small spatial requirements.The attempt to use vertical greening techniques in the landscape construction of the Tonghui River can further alleviate the shortcomings of landscape construction on both sides of the river,improve the urban ecological environment,and has broad application prospects.

Abstract:Aiming at the new challenges brought by frequent sudden drought-flood transition events to the operation of water conservancy facilities,this paper takes the bidirectional flow channel irrigation and drainage pumping station as the research object,and summarizes its application characteristics and design optimization methods under working conditions such as low head,large flow,and large water level fluctuation.Taking an X-type bidirectional flow channel irrigation and drainage pumping station built in Gaochun District,Nanjing in 2022 as an example,the design and operation scheme of the bidirectional flow channel and CFD simulation optimization results are described.The pumping station achieves irrigation and drainage function switching through double-layer flow channels,and operational practice shows that the design scheme is scientific and reasonable.Meanwhile,the room for improvement in high sediment-laden watershed application,standardization development,and simulation technology is analyzed,and the direction of promotion and application is prospected.

Abstract:To study the effects of surrounding rock and support structure of diversion tunnels on time-dependent deformation of the cavern,numerical calculations were conducted using finite element analysis software to analyze the time-dependent laws of stress and deformation of surrounding rock under different anchor bolt lengths and moisture content conditions.The results show that surrounding rock displacement increases with time,and long anchor bolts can effectively restrict surrounding rock deformation;the longer the anchor bolt,the smaller the surrounding rock displacement.After 80 d of tunnel support,the surrounding rock displacement under the 5.0 m anchor bolt condition decreased by 36.55%and 64.02%compared to the 3.0 m and 2.0 m anchor bolts,respectively.The normal stress of the surrounding rock gradually increases with time,with faster stress increase in the early stage and slower growth in the later stage.Under the 2.0 m anchor bolt condition,the normal stress at 80 d increased by 63.46%compared to that at 40 d,and increased by 1.40%at 360 d compared to that at 320 d.The normal stress of the surrounding rock decreases with increasing moisture content;at 100 d with a moisture content of 20%,the normal stress decreased by 10.74%and 21.74%compared to moisture contents of 14%and 8%,respectively.

Abstract:Large and medium-sized reservoir projects are important supports for regional water resources allocation,and are of great significance for exerting social,economic,and ecological benefits of projects,while also producing certain impacts on river ecosystems.Through ensuring river ecological flow,the adverse impacts of dam construction on river ecosystems can be mitigated to a certain extent.Taking the large-scale Fushouyan Reservoir Project in Chongqing as a case study,this paper determines the components and staging of ecological flow based on the ecological protection targets in the river reaches affected by the project.The ecological base flow and sensitive-period ecological flow are calculated separately,and on the basis of analyzing their rationality,feasibility,and compatibility,the ecological flow for the project is comprehensively determined.The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the survey and design of other large and medium-sized reservoir projects.

Abstract:Geomembrane is one of the important anti-seepage measures for core wall earth-rock dams.Defects in geomembrane can alter the seepage characteristics of geomembrane core wall dams,affecting the safe operation and benefit realization of dams.Taking a clay core wall dam as the research object,this paper conducts secondary development of finite element numerical simulation using open-source libraries to analyze the effects of geomembrane defect elevation,defect size,defect quantity,and reservoir water level decline rate on the seepage characteristics of the dam body.The results show that when the defect elevation is located at 1/2 of the calculated reservoir water level,the phreatic line height and seepage volume inside the dam body reach their maximum values;when the defect elevation approaches and exceeds the reservoir water level,the phreatic line height and seepage volume decrease rapidly.The phreatic line height and seepage volume of the dam body increase with the increase of defect size and decrease with the decline of reservoir water level;under the same reservoir water level change conditions,the seepage field calculation results corresponding to different decline rates are basically consistent.An increase in the number of geomembrane defects also leads to a rise in the phreatic line and an increase in seepage volume.Therefore,the occurrence of geomembrane defects should be avoided in practical engineering.

Abstract:Aiming at large-scale water diversion projects with shipping functions,this paper conducted research on probability prediction of sudden water quality safety risk events.Such projects serve as core facilities for inter-basin water resources allocation,and water quality safety concerns drinking water safety in water-receiving areas,social stability,and ecological environment along the route.Sudden water quality events,characterized by sudden occurrence,rapid diffusion,and wide harm scope,pose severe challenges to project operation and management,aiming to provide quantitative basis for precise risk prevention and control and emergency decision-making.This paper systematically identified four main risk sources including shipping vessels,port terminals,dangerous goods transport vehicles,and cross-river pipelines,constructed a comprehensive prediction analysis based on Fault Tree Analysis(FTA),integrated historical statistical data with expert judgment,identified key causal factors,and quantified the occurrence probability of various events.This method can effectively overcome difficulties arising from insufficient data and system complexity,provide quantitative basis for precise prevention and control of sudden risks and emergency decision-making,and possesses important theoretical and practical value for ensuring water conveyance quality safety of the project.

Abstract:The magnitude of radial tensile force of rubber dam bags is a critical factor affecting the overall stability and safety of the dam structure.Three different working conditions during the use of rubber dams were compared to identify the most unfavorable condition for dam bags.Subsequently,utilizing relevant mechanical knowledge,a theoretical derivation for the solution method of the dam bag's radial tension was performed.The results indicate that the formula for calculating the radial tensile force under the most unfavorable working condition,obtained through theoretical deduction,accurately reflected the maximum radial tensile force during operation after vertification and analysis.This finding holds guiding significance and reference value for the selection of dam bag materials in future engineering designs.

Abstract:Cutoff wall is a common measure for hydraulic structures to reduce uplift pressure and hydraulic gradient,and its length and position have significant effects on anti-seepage control.To optimize the design of cutoff wall and control seepage risks,this paper adopts a genetic algorithm and finite element programming coupled model(GA-FEP),with construction cost minimization as the objective function and the safety factors of uplift pressure and hydraulic gradient meeting requirements as the main constraints.Quantitative analysis of the seepage field is conducted through finite element programming,and the genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal depth and position of the cutoff wall.The results show that the model can obtain the optimal design scheme of the cutoff wall under specific head and hydraulic conductivity conditions.

Abstract:Since its operation,a certain large-scale water diversion project has maintained stable and standard-compliant water quality during water conveyance periods,playing an important role in ensuring urban water supply security,drought relief and water source replenishment,flood control and waterlogging elimination,navigation services,river and lake ecological protection,and facilitation of economic circulation between northern and southern regions.Under the new situation of the"15th Five-Year Plan"period,this project faces numerous challenges including increased operational pressure on pollution interception and diversion projects,shortcomings in environmental infrastructure,gradually intensifying pollution prevention pressure from inland shipping,and the need for improvement in the monitoring system of converging water systems.This paper systematically reviewed the relevant laws,regulations,and institutional construction for water quality safety guarantee of the large-scale water diversion project,summarized the effectiveness of water quality safety guarantee from aspects such as water quality along the conveyance route,ecological environment quality,comprehensive pollution control,water quality monitoring system,response to water pollution incidents,and institutional,mechanism,and legal construction,and identified the remaining challenges and problems in water quality safety guarantee for large-scale water diversion projects.Countermeasures and suggestions were proposed from aspects including constructing a systematic water pollution prevention system,an intelligent and modern water quality safety monitoring system,a comprehensive system of sudden water environmental risk prevention and control,and a multi-dimensional water quality safety linkage mechanism,providing references for ensuring water quality safety of large-scale water diversion projects.

Abstract:Taking the law enforcement model of the Weihe River as the research object,this paper analyzes the complexity,particularity,and historical causes of the current Weihe River law enforcement environment,and points out the dilemmas and deficiencies of the traditional"punishment enforcement"model in modern watershed governance and management.The necessity of transforming the law enforcement model from"punishment enforcement"to"education enforcement"is demonstrated from three dimensions,and a"early-warning-communication-restoration"trinity law enforcement path and method are proposed.The research results can provide innovative resolution for improving the efficiency of watershed governance and management and building a modern water governance model of harmony between humans and water.

Abstract:Hydraulic tunnels are buried underground,where they not only bear significant surrounding rock pressure but are also subjected to the combined effects of external and internal water pressures.As the permanent support structure of hydraulic tunnels,the lining plays a critical role in ensuring the long-term safe operation of the tunnel;therefore,conducting lining quality inspection is of great significance.Taking a water conservancy hub project in Xinjiang as an example,this paper employs integrated geophysical methods,including ground penetrating radar and ultrasonic shear wave reflection three-dimensional imaging,to carry out non-destructive testing of the tunnel lining quality.The detection results are analyzed and compared with borehole verification for evaluation.The results indicate that the integrated geophysical methods have good effectiveness and feasibility in tunnel lining quality inspection,and can provide reference for the inspection and evaluation of lining quality in similar projects.